高考英语一轮复习知识点梳理课件14 名词性从句

高考英语语法英语老师Kathy十大词类与构词法02动词及动词时态04非谓语动词08名词性从句09情态动词、虚拟语气11倒装句和强调句12高考语法体系01句子成分和五种基本句型03被动语态06定语从句07状语从句10主谓一致05指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。

1.Theworld

lovesnature.2.Knowledgeis

power.3.We

Chinese

are

peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{宾语

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语

{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句4名词性从句的引导词1.名词性从句必须是陈述词序.2.名词性从句谓语动词一般用单数，what引导的从句单复数取决于be后面的表语。主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句称为主语从句。主语从句一般位于句首，也可以用形式主语it代替，将主语从句放在句末。Underlinethesubjectiveclauses.1.Whatcan’tkillyouwillmakeyoustronger.2.Whichlanguageyouwilllearnisuptoyou.3.Whetheryouwillsucceeddependsonhowhardyoutry.4.ThatheturnedouttobeNo.1inthetestsurprisedusagreatdeal.5.Whattheoldneedmostiscare.6.Whatwestudentsneedbadlyaremanyopportunitiestoproveourselves.Hefailedintheexamsurprisedusagreatdeal.Whenwillthecelebrationbeginhasnotbeendeterminedyet.Thattheboyoftenmakessomenoisesannoytheneighborgreatly.主语从句必须有一个引导词.从句必须是陈述句词序.3.主语从句谓语动词一般用单数，what引导的主语从句单复数取决于be后面的表语。（×）（×）（×）1.1主语从句引导词that,if,weather引导主语从句只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，但不能省略。whether,if意为“是否”.1.1从属连词that,whether,ifWhether可以用于句首，if不可以用于句首。it作形式主语，主语从句后置时whether/if都可以.1.Thathepassedtheexammademeamazed.2.Whetherhewillsucceedremainstobeseen.3.Ifitwillraintomorrowisnotclear.4.Whetheritwillraintomorrowisnotclear.5.Itisnotclearwhether/ifitwillraintomorrow.（×）连接代词who，what，which,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever引导主语从句在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。1.2连接代词①Whowilltakepartinthepartyhasnotbeendecidedyet.②WhoevercometotheYellowmountainwillbeamazedbyitsscenery.③Whathesaidismeaningful.⑤Whosesongwillbechosenisstillunknown.⑥Whichsongwillbechosenhasnotbeendecided..

1.Whatyousaidisright.2.Whateveryousaidisright.=Anythingthatyousaidisright.3.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.4.Youcanpickwhicheverbookyoulike.=Youcanpickanybookthatyoulike.whoever=anyonewhowhatever=anythingthatwhichever=any+名词+定从，并且不能写成nomatter+wh-的形式Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.=Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.______

heisafamoussingerisknowntous.______theyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.______

universityLiHuawillgoisunknown.______hewantsisabook._____I’munwillingtodoisrefusehisinvitation.______studentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.1.that:不做成分,只起连接作用，不能省略2.what除连接作用外，还在充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。3.which(意为哪种，哪个…，表选择)what强调内容，which强调选择。what无范围，which有范围。ThatThatWhichWhatWhatWhich

连接副词when，where，how，why在主语从句中做状语。1.5连接副词Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Whentheywillsetoffisnotdecided.Wheresheisfromisunknown.Howwewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.主语从句为了避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,把主语从句放在后面。常见句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句Itisobviousthatthesemeasuresareeffective.Itisnaturalthathe(should)fallinlovewithher.(2)It＋be＋名词(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句Itisapitythatwelostthematch.(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/suggested等)＋that从句Itisreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.Itissuggestedthatweshoulddoexerciseeveryday.(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter,occur等)＋that从句ItoccurredtomethatIdidn’tclosethedoor.(我突然想到…)=Itstruck/hitmethatIt

happens

that

(碰巧…)Itseems/appearsthat(似乎）Itmatterslittlewhathesaid=Itdoesn’tmatterwhathesaid.It’scertain/possible/unlikely/obviousthat…Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange...that…shoulddo…Practice1_______theteachersaidisveryimportant.2._________wewillgototheparktomorrowafternoonbybushasn’tbeendecidedyet.3.________theearthgoesroundthesunisknowntousall.4._______canjoininthesportsmeetisdecidedbytheteacher.5.________isneededforsuccessisyourhardwork.6._________thetreesinthegardenwillbeplantedhasn’tbeendecided.WhatWhoWhatWhenThatWhetherbybusWhether/howinthegardenWhen/Wherebybus1.连接词that/whether/if//where/how/when/why/who/what/which/whomSummarizethegrammaticalrules3.引导主语从句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.2.That在主语从句中不能省略.4.有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用

it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.5.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但也要看表语单复数形式才可以决定。YiYangqianxiisouryouth’sidol._____heiscoolandhandsomeattractsusyouthgreatly.Actually,_____makeshimouridolisnothisdancingandsingingskills,buthisloveforsocialcharities._____Yihasdonealotofsocialcharityisworthhighlypraising.____issaid_______ourschoolhasaskedhimtogiveaspeechnextmonth._______ismentionedis___heonceactedasanadvocatorofsmokingcontrolbyWHO.________becomeshisfanshasbeenhopingtoseehiminpersononeday.However,______hewillcomeandvisitourschoolisstillunknown.Activity5.ThatwhatThatItthatWhatthatWhoeverwhetherItisuniversallyacknowledgedthatTuYouyouisabsolutelyagreatfemalescientist

inChina,evenintheworld.That

TuwontheNobelPrizeofnaturalscienceawardasthefirstChinesemainlandcompletelysurprisedChinesepeople.HowTuandherteamcarriedouttheirresearchworkisunimaginableforpeople,whichisalonghardjourneytohergreatsuccess.Whatisdeservedtobementionedisthat

sheowedherhonortoherwholeteamandourcountry,whichshowedherpassionandlovetoChinesepeopleandourhomeland.…2.宾语从句宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句有三种。1.动词的宾语从句Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.2.介词的宾语从句OursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanotherDidshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?Ididn’ttellhimanythingexceptthatIneededmoney.3.形容词的宾语从句表示情感的形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等T与系动词构成系表结构时，后面所跟的的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.介词后面宾语从句不用which和if引导，后面跟whether和wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用,that不能省略。2.1宾语从句引导词that引导宾语从句只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，常被省略。2.2从属连词thatShetoldme(that)shewouldacceptmyinvitation.He

said

(that)

shewaswrongandthateveryonewashurtbyherwords.1.从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。2.3不能省略that2.It作形式宾语时也不能省略that.Let'smakeitarulethatwemustn'tspeakChineseinEnglishclass.Hesaid(that)shewaswrongandthateveryonewashurtbyherwords.3.that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用,此时that不能省略。Ididn’ttellhimanythingexceptthatIneededmoney.whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。2.2从属连词whether,ifEverythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.1.介词后的宾语从句2.3用whether不用if2.主语从句（位于句首）、表语从句、同位语从句Whetheritwillraintomorrowisnotclear.

Itisnotclearwhether/ifitwillraintomorrow.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.3.后接动词不定式时Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.4.从句中有ornot时5.在discuss，wonder，doubt等动词后引导宾语从句时。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldstoptheexperiment.1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/

whetherwhetherwhetherwhether2.4it作形式宾语常见句型：(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补＋宾语从句Let'smakeitarulethatwemustn'tspeakChineseinEnglishclass.(2)动词hate/like/dislike/＋it＋when/ifappreciate/+it+ifIhateitwhen/ifhespeaksinarudemanner.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.(3)动词短语seeto/dependon/relyon＋it＋从句Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.(4)固定搭配takeitforgrantedthat/oweittosbthat＋从句Don'ttakeitforgrantedthatyourparentsshouldsupportyouallyourlife.IoweittoyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.IowemyprogressinEnglishtoyouDon’ttakeyourparents’loveforgranted(1)如果主句是现在时态或将来的某种时态时，（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态（现在时，过去时，将来时…)Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.MarysaysthatTomisdoingwellinhislesson.(2)如果主句是过去的时态,那么宾语从句须用过去的某种时态.如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。Shesaidthatshemissedusverymuch.Shesaidthatshewaswritingaletter.ShesaidthatshewouldvisittheGreatWall.Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.2.6宾语从句的否定转移当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not转移到主句中成为否定前移。Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegame.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分2.7宾语从句语序Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgoto

thelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegoto

thelibrary.

Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantsto

buy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewantto

buy.

doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if引导从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导从句。Idoubtwhether/ifhehaspassedtheexam.Idon’t

doubtthathehaspassedtheexam.besure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导从句。Iamsurethathehaspassedtheexam.Iamnotsurewhether/ifhehaspassedtheexam.2.7doubt,besure用法3.表语从句引导词表语从句：跟在系动词后面的从句称为表语从句。连接表语的系动词有be,look,remain,seem,appear,smell,feel,taste,sound,look等等that,weather引导表语从句只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，但不能省略。3.1从属连词that,whetherThefactisthathe

failedintheexam.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.连接代词whatLifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.

asif/asthough意为“好像，仿佛”，常跟在系动词seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等之后引导表语从句。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。3.2asif/asthough引导表语从句Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.HelooksasifhewerefromtheMars.

asif/asthough意为“好像，仿佛”，从句所述的是非真实的情况，用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，用陈述语气。可以引导方式状语从句，也可以跟在系动词seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等之后引导表语从句。表语从句：Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.HelooksasifhewerefromtheMars.

状语从句：Doasyouaretold,oryou’llbefired.Theladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.（虚拟语气）Heclosedhiseyesasifhewastired.（陈述语气）3.2常见的表语从句(1)Thisiswhy…这就是为什么…”Thisiswhyhewaslate.(2)Thisisbecause…“这是因为……”Thisisbecausehewasill.(3)Thereasonwhy...isthat…“……的原因是……”Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill.(that不能用because,reason不能和because连用）在表语从句中,表“是否”时,只能用“whether”，不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause…Itis/waswhy…4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat…5.Thereasonisbecause/why…that….3.3RulesNounclausesastheappositiveGrammar4.同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语,其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句引导词有that/when/where/why/how/whether。1.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.SydneykepthispromisethathewoulddoanythinghecouldforLucietomakeher

happy.3.Wearediscussingtheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.4.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.5.Ihavenoideawhathedid.6.Wordcamethatawarbrokeoutbetweenthetwocountries.(消息传来…)4.1同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句在句中充当同位语,其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用that或连接副词when/where/why/how/whether引导。1.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.SydneykepthispromisethathewoulddoanythinghecouldforLucietomakeher

happy.3.Wearediscussingtheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.4.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.5.Ihavenoideawhathedid.6.Wordcamethatawarbrokeoutbetweenthetwocountries.(消息传来…)(1)从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等抽象意义的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。Ihaveheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.Ihaveheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday.（2）从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,相当于一个形容词。而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,相当于一个名词。同位语从句中that只起连接作用,不作任何成分，不能省略。定语从句中that起连接作用，充当宾语、主语或表语。作宾语时可以省略。how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。（3）从连接词和所作成分上区别区分同位语从句和定语从句时,可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词be,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句。Thenewsthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.本句中,先行词与从句之间加上一个be后为：Thereportwasthathewasgoingtoresign.因为该句句意通顺,所以是同位语从句。4.1同位语从句和定语从句的区别

考点一:名词性从句中that与what的区别

考点二:名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语5.名词性从句七大重点考点三:名词性从句的语序考点四:名词性从句中的whether,if考点五:名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别考点六：名词性从句的虚拟语气考点七：定语从句与同位语从句的区别考点八：doubt,besure用法______

heisafamoussingerisknowntous.______theyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.______

universityLiHuawillgoisunknown.______hewantsisabook._____I’munwillingtodoisrefusehisinvitation.______studentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.1.that:不做成分,只起连接作用，引导宾语从句时可以省略，引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时均不能省略。2.what除连接作用外，还在充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。意为“……的东西，……的地方，……的人”3.which(意为哪种，哪个…，表选择)what强调内容，which强调选择。what无范围，which有范围。ThatThatWhichWhatWhatWhich

7._______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.1.表示“……的人或….的样子”，相当于thepersonthatHeisnolongerwhathewas.

5.1What引导名词性从句的用法Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which2.表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于“thingsthat...;allthat...;3.表示“……的地方”,相当于theplacethatThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.

In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。

Youcantakewhatyoulike.Youcantakeeverything(that)youlike.Youcantakeeverythingwhatyoulike.5.1What引导名词性从句的用法（×）4.有时what可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词IgavehimwhatbooksIhad.我把我所有的书都给他了。

Hegavemewhatmoneyhehadabouthim.他把身边带有的钱全给了我。

5.1What引导名词性从句的用法5.AistoBwhatCistoD.what引导比较状语从句，相当于as.(A对B而言正如C对D一样)Airistouswhatwateristofish.

_______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

=ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.5.2it作形式主语或形式宾语主语从句为了避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,把主语从句放在后面。常见句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句Itisobviousthatthesemeasuresareeffective.Itisnaturalthathe(should)fallinlovewithher.(2)It＋be＋名词(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句Itisapitythatwelostthematch.(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/suggested等)＋that从句Itisreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.Itissuggestedthatweshoulddoexerciseeveryday.(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter,occur等)＋that从句ItoccurredtomethatIdidn’tclosethedoor.(我突然想到…)=Itstruck/hitmethatIt

happens

that

(碰巧…)Itseems/appearsthat(似乎）Itmatterslittlewhathesaid=Itdoesn’tmatterwhathesaid.It’scertain/possible/unlikely/obviousthat…Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange...that…shoulddo…常见句型：(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补＋宾语从句Let'smakeitarulethatwemustn'tspeakChineseinEnglishclass.(2)动词hate/like/dislike/＋it＋when/ifappreciate/+it+ifIhateitwhen/ifhespeaksinarudemanner.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.(3)动词短语seeto/dependon/relyon＋it＋从句Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.(4)固定搭配takeitforgrantedthat/oweittosbthat＋从句Don'ttakeitforgrantedthatyourparentsshouldsupportyouallyourlife.IoweittoyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.IowemyprogressinEnglishtoyouDon’ttakeyourparents’loveforgranted

Thephotographswillshowyou_______.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike

B.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklike

5.3名词性从句的语序1.介词后的宾语从句5.4用whether不用if2.主语从句（位于句首）、表语从句、同位语从句Whetheritwillraintomorrowisnotclear.

Itisnotclearwhether/ifitwillraintomorrow.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.3.后接动词不定式时Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.4.从句中有ornot时5.在discuss，wonder，doubt等动词后引导宾语从句时。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldstoptheexperiment.1:_______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

2:Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.5.4名词性从句的whether,ifdoubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if引导从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导从句。Idoubtwhether/ifhehaspassedtheexam.Idon’tdoubtthathehaspassedtheexam.1.Whatyousaidisright.2.Whateveryousaidisright.=Anythingthatyousaidisright.3.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.4.Youcanpickwhicheverbookyoulike.=You