PETS5英语应用知识第一讲

PETS5英语知识运用PETS5英语知识运用#第一讲英语知识运用介绍及要点样题ReadthefollowingtextandfilleachofthenumberedspaceswithONEsuitableword.WriteyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Childrenwhogriptheirpenstooclosetothewritingpointarelikelytobeatadisadvantageinexaminations.(1) tothefirstseriousinvestigationintothewayinwhichwritingtechniquecandramaticallyaffecteducationalachievement.Thesurveyof643childrenandadults,agedfrompre-schoolto40-plus,alsosuggests(2) pen-holdingtechniqueshavedeterioratedsharplyoveronegeneration,withteachersnowpayingfar(3) attentiontocorrectpengripandhandwritingstyle.StephanieThomas,alearningsupportteacher(4) findingshavebeenpublished,wasinspiredtoinvestigatethisarea(5) shenoticedthatthosepupilswhohadthemosttroublewithspelling(6) hadapoorpengrip.WhileMs.Thomascouldnotestablishasignificantstatisticallink(7) pen-holdingstyleandaccuracyinspelling,she(8) findhugedifferencesintechniquebetweentheyoungchildrenandthematureadults,andadefinite(9) betweemear-pointgrippingandslow,illegiblewriting.Peoplewho(10) theirpensatthewritingpointalsoshowothercharacteristics(11) inhibitlearning,(12) aspoorposture,leaningtoo(13) tothedesk,usingfourfingerstogripthepen(14) thanthree,andclumsypositioningofthethumb(whichcanobscure(15) isbeingwritten.Ms.Thomasbelievesthatthe(16) betweenolderandyoungerwritersis(17) toodramatictobeaccountedforsimplybythepossibilitythatpeoplegetbetteratwritingastheygrow(18) .Sheattributesittoafailuretoteachthemosteffectivemethods,pointingoutthatthedifferencesbetween(19) groupscoincideswiththeabandonmentoformalhandwritinginstructioninclassroomsinthesixties."The30-year-oldsshowedahugerangeofgrips,(20) theover40sgroupallhadauniform'tripod'grip."句子结构Theirstudieshaveshownthatweneedavocabularyofabout3,000wordswhichprovidescoverageofatleast95percentofatextbeforewecanefficientlylearnfromcontextwithunsimplifiedtext.Assumingthefutureisabitbrighterthanthat,however,enormousopportunitiesfornewbusinesses(andthreatstooldones)lieonthehorizon.FundamentalIong-termshiftslikethedemocratizationofmediaaccessmaynotrevoluationizethewordovernight,buttheyproducesubtleandsometimessurprisingchanges.Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawedorcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Thecasualreadermighthavetheimpressionthattherearerealdoubtsaboutwhetheremissionscanbereducedwithoutinflictingseveredamageontheeconomy.TeachersofEnglishasasecondIanguagemaybeinterestedinmeasuresofnativespeakersVocabularysizebecausethesecanprovidesomeindicationofthesizeofthelearningtaskfacingsecondIanguagelearners,particularlythosewhoneedtostudyandworkalongsidenativespeakersinEnglish-mediumschoolsanduniversitiesorworkplace.Atpresentthebestconservativeruleofthumbthatwehaveisthatuptoavocabularysizeofaround20,000wordfamilies,weshouldexpectthatnativespeakerswilladdroughly1,000wordfamiliesayeartotheirvocabularysize.Thatmeansthatafiveyearoldbeginningschoolwillhaveavocabularyofaround4,000to5,000wordfamilies.名词性从句Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.Wehaven'tsettledthequestionof itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased hewasamanofaction.Wecannotfigureout quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout. shecouldnuhdtsrstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons. thedoctorsreallydoubtis mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow 「vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.Parentsaretaughttounderstand importanteducationistothechildren'sfuture.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstand theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike. makesthisshopdifferentis itoffersmorepersonalservices.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning histeammateshaddone.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.CouldIspeakto isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?Youcanonlybesureof youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething youmightgetinthefuture.PassagesMostofusthinkoftalentasanabilitywe 'rebornwithandhavefairlylittlecontrolover.Butincreasingly,expertsarequestioningthenotio geneslimit farwecango.“W6reataveryinterestingmomentinthisdiscussion,wherenewscieneeisgivingusanX-rayof liesbeneathspeedandfluencyofgreatperformances,”saidDanielCoyle,authorof “TheTalentCode”(BantamBooks,2009). “Alothastodowithgenes,butmoredoesn 't.”Thissoundslikethefamiliarnature-versus-nurtureargument—howmuchofusis wearebornwithandhowmuchisduetoourenvironment.Butscientificresearchshows theinterplaybetweenenvironmentandgenesisfarmoreintricatethanthat.wecandoisteachourselvesandourchildren wehavefarmoreabilitytodevelopourskillsthanwethinkwedo,butitdoesn 'tcomeeasily,saidDanielH.Pink,authorofDrive:TheSurprisingTruthAboutWhatMotivatesUs”(Riverhead,2009). “Alotofparentsareobsessedwithcognitiveskills, ”likereormathematics,Mr.Pinksaid. “Butwe'renotgoodatteachingnoncognitiveskills,likestickingwithitwhentheworkgetstoughandunderstanding ailureanddisappointmentarepartofsuccess.定语从句 ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter, theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.Lookout!Don'tgettoocltosthehouse roofisunderrepair.Name10advertisements youcanspontaneouslyrecall,describeandassociatewithbrand.EnglandwasoneofthefirstcountrieswherescientistsadoptedandpublicisedCopernicanideaswithenthusiasm.Thequickrecallofbrands, oftenleadstoahighshareofthemarket,isusuallyhelpedbyspontaneousrecollectionofadvertising.Iwouldratherspendthemoneyproducingamemorableideathanpourthemoneyintoame-too,unmemorablecommercial oeslittleformybrand'sawarenessandcharacter.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobsfor theyarebeingtrained.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,neitherof wantedtobuyit.Therewereseveralreasons originalscieneecontinuedtobewritteninLatin.Thefirstwassimplyamatterofaudienee.PassagesWomen gotthesameamountofexercisebutwereheaviertostartwithwerenotabletoavoidgainingweight,however.Neitherwerewomenofnormalweight gotlessthansevenhoursaweekofmoderateactivity,accordingtothestudy,publishedintheMarch24issueofTheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.Theaverageweightgainoverthecourseofthe15-yearstudy, followed34,079healthywomenwithanaverageageof54atthebeginning,wasjustoverfivepounds.Theresearchersdidnottakedietintoaccount.Onewaytodealwithnegativeexternalitiesistomakerules prohibitoratleastlimitbehavior imposesespeciallyhighcostsonothers.That 's wedidinthefirstmajorwaveofenvironmentailegislationintheearly1970s:carswererequiredtomeetemissionstandardsforthechemicals causesmog,factorieswererequiredtolimitthevolumeofeffluenttheydumpedintowaterwaysandsoon.Andthisapproachyieldedresults;America 'sairandwaterbecamealotcleanerinthedecades followed.练习1Doyoubelievethatonlyboysdowellinscienee?Doesitseemtoyouthat(31)havebettervocabulariesthanboys?(32)youropinion,areboysbetteratbuildingthings?Ifyouranswertoeachofthosequestionsis"Yes",you(33)right,accordingtoanarticleinCurrentScience.Thereareexceptions,butherearethefacts.Onthe(34),malesscorehigheronteststhatmeasuremathematicalreasoning,mechanicalability,andproblem-solvingskills.(35)showsuperiorabilityintestsmeasuringvocabulary,spelling,andmemory.Butthese(36)willprobablynotalwaysexist.Inthefuture,aperson'sabilitiesmaynotbedetermined(37)sex.Asonescientist(38)"Nothingisimpossibleforapersontobeordo."Inseveralrecentstudies,youngbabieshavebeenobservedandtestedtodiscover(39)differentabilitiesaredeveloped.AscientificteamheadedbyJeromeKagan,apsychologistatHarvardUniversity,isstudyingthethinkingabilityofchildren11.5months(40).Thetestisasimpleone.The(41),whileseatedonitmother'slap,watchesa"show"onasmalltheaterstage.InActOneoftheshow,anorange-colored