老高考适用2023高考英语一轮总复习第一编教材回眸Unit22EnvironmentalProtection北师大版

Unit22EnvironmentalProtection晨起第一事背诵经典句1．WildSiberiantigershavebeensightedfrequentlyinNortheastChinainrecentyearsthankstotheimprovingnaturalenvironment.由于自然环境的改善，近几年我国东北地区频繁发现野生东北虎。2．We'retryingtoraiseawarenessoftheenvironmentingeneralandairpollutioninparticular.我们正努力从总体上增强环境意识，特别是提高对空气污染的意识。3．Mountainsandriversgreenaremountainsofsilverandgold.绿水青山就是金山银山。4．Biodiversityisthebasisforhumansurvivalanddevelopmentandhasadirectbearingonourwellbeing.生物多样性关系人类福祉，是人类赖以生存和发展的重要基础。Ⅰeq\a\vs4\al(核心单词)(1)endanger(vt.)危害→danger(n.)危险→dangerous(adj.)危险的(2)trap(vt.)使困住(3)claim(vt.)声称；要求(4)reserve(n.)保护区(v.)保留，预订→reservation(n.)保留；预订；保留意见(5)beyond(prep.)超出(6)relevant(adj.)有关的→relevance(n.)相关性(7)coincidence(n.)巧合→coincident(adj.)同时发生的(8)condemn(vt.)迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地(9)sacrifice(vt.&n．)牺牲，献出(10)advocate(vt.)主张，提倡→advocacy(n.)拥护，支持(11)substitute(n.)代替品，代用品(12)threaten(vt.)威胁→threat(n.)威胁，恐吓→threatening(adj.)恐吓的，威胁的(13)seize(vt.)依法没收；(用武力)夺取(14)separation(n.)分离，分开→separate(adj.)分开的，单独的(v.)使分离；隔开(15)means(n.)方法(16)construct(vt.)建造→construction(n.)建造；建设→constructive(adj.)建设性的，积极的(17)potential(adj.)潜在的；可能的(n.)潜在性；可能性→potentially(adv.)潜在地；可能地→potentiality(n.)潜力，可能性(18)adopt(vt.)收养，采用→adoption(n.)收养，采用(19)finance(n.)资金→financial(adj.)经济的→fine(vt.)罚款(n.)罚金(20)allocate(vt.)分配，配给→allocation(n.)分配，配给(21)fragile(adj.)易损坏的(22)sharpen(vt.)削尖→sharpener(n.)卷笔刀→sharp(adj.)锋利的(23)valid(adj.)有充分理由的；有效的；合法的(24)agriculture(n.)农业(25)calculate(vt.&vi.)计算，算出→calculation(n.)计算，算出→calculator(n.)计算器Ⅱeq\a\vs4\al(阅读单词)(1)consultant(n.)顾问→consult(vt.)咨询(2)principle(n.)原则，道德准则(3)boycott(vt.)(联合)抵制；拒绝参加(4)conservation(n.)保护→conserve(vt.)保护(5)consensus(n.)共同意见；一致看法(6)recycle(vt.)回收利用(7)extinct(adj.)灭绝的，绝种的(8)fashionable(adj.)流行的，时髦的→fashion(n.)时尚(9)enforce(vt.)执行，实施→force(vt.)强迫(10)grand(adj.)巨大的；宏伟的(11)changeable(adj.)易变的→change(vt.)改变→exchange(vt.)交换(12)slip(vi.)滑落(13)mountainous(adj.)多山的→mountain(n.)高山，山岳(14)flee(vt.&vi.)逃离；逃走(15)negative(adj.)消极的，负面的[单句语法填空]1.—Wastheproposalpassedatyesterday'smeeting?—Yes,butsomemembersofthecommitteeexpressed(reserve)．答案：reservations2．Theproduct(claim)thatitcanmakeyouthinwithoutdieting.答案：claims3．There'sanerrorinyour(calculate)．答案：calculation4．Mostofusthinkofgamesaschild'splay,butgames(sharp)children'sthinkinganddevelopskillslikeproblemsolvingandcommunication.答案：sharpen5．Whatsheisaddictedtomakesherfeelbettertemporarilyandreducesthepainof(separate)．答案：separation6．Theclimateis(change)inthisarea;youshouldpreparemoreclothesincaseofthesuddenchangeofweather.答案：changeable7．Inyesterday'sbusinesstrainingcoursethe(consult)instructedusthatagoodsalesmanmustbeaggressiveifhewantstosucceed.答案：consultant8．Afterstudyinginan(agriculture)collegeforfouryears,Jacktookuphisjobasanadvisorinthecountryside.答案：agricultural9．Wehavealreadysucceededinsavingmany(danger)animals.答案：endangered10．Thebiggestproblemformostplants,whichcan'tjustgetupandrunawaywhen(threat)isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.答案：threatened1．后缀­ant的形容词家族展①relevant有关的②ignorant无知的③abundant丰富的④reliant依赖的⑤pregnant怀孕的⑥distant遥远的⑦dominant支配的，统治的⑧brilliant闪耀的，杰出的⑨significant重大的，有意义的⑩elegant优雅的2．不同的“灾难”表达①earthquake地震②tsunami海啸③avalanche雪崩④mudslide泥石流⑤landslide山体滑坡⑥flood洪水⑦blizzard暴风雪⑧hurricane飓风⑨tornado龙卷风⑩typhoon台风⑪drought干旱⑫famine饥荒3．前缀sub­构成的词汇①subway地铁②substituten.代替品，代用品v.替代③submarine潜水艇④subconscious潜意识(的)⑤subsonic亚音速的⑥subtitle小标题，副标题⑦submerge沉没，淹没⑧subtropical亚热带的⑨submissive顺从的，服从的⑩subcontinent次大陆1．beyondone'scontrol超出/不受……的控制2．lookahead展望未来3．referto指，意即；参考4．inturn依次；相应5．inhugequantities大量6．takeaction采取行动7．aheadof在……前面8．apartfrom除……之外9．answerfor(对已产生的不良后果)负责任10．callforanendto...要求结束……11．wrapup结束(工作、会议等)12．onsb'sbehalf代表某人13．carryoff掠去，夺走14．asaresultof作为……的结果15．earnone'sliving谋生16．sumup总结，概括17．asamatteroffact事实上18．leadto导致[单句写作]1.Theseedwassprayedovertheground(大量地)byaeroplane.答案：inhugequantities2．(展望未来),Ithinkthecompanyneedstodevelopsomenewservices.答案：Lookingahead3．Hewasavictimofcircumstances,andwhathappenedtohimwas(在他的控制能力之外)．答案：beyondhiscontrol4．WheneverIencounterawordIdon'tknow,I(查阅)adictionary.答案：referto5．Manydevelopedcountrieshaveagreedtohelpthelessdevelopedonesbutitremainstobeseenwhethertheywill(采取行动)ornot.答案：takeaction6．Imadesureofhavingallofmyworkdone(在……前面)myvacation.答案：aheadof7．Mikeoftendrivescarelessly;tellhimheshall(负责任)itifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.答案：answerfor8．Youareoldenoughto(谋生)．答案：earnyourownliving9．Thirtyflightshavebeendelayed(作为……的结果)thesnow.答案：asaresultof10．AcleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheOlympics,which(反过来)willpromoteitseconomicdevelopment.答案：inturncarry的短语小结①carryoff获得(奖品等)；成功对付②carryout实行；履行③carryon(with/doingsth)继续做④carryaway运走；使……失去自制力⑤carrythrough完成；渡过难关⑥carryback回忆课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空去，地球将处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。(P6)leavesb/sth后面加形容词、副词、分词等，意为“让某人/某物处于……状态”Onhearingthenews,thegirlrushedoutwithouthesitation,onthefloor.一听见这个消息，那个女孩毫不犹豫地冲出去了，把行李留在地板上。2.Mostdisasterexpertsbelievethereisthepotentialthatthingscouldgetalotworse.大多数研究灾难的专家认为情况可能会变得更加糟糕。(P11)Thereisthepotentialthat...“可能……”Withouttheseexistingmeasures,thedeclinemayhavebeensignificantlygreater.没有现存的这些措施，衰退有可能会更大。答案：1.leavingtheluggagelying2.thereisthepotentialthat①trapn.陷阱，捕捉器；〈喻〉圈套，(对付人的)计谋，策略vt.诱捕；诱骗；使落入圈套，使陷入困境(P5)(1)单句语法填空①Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeople(trap)inhigh­risebuildings.②Theytrappedherinto(tell)wherethegiftwashidden.③She(trap)intheburninghouseatthatmoment.答案：①trapped②telling③wastrapped(2)单句改错Hesettrapforherandshewalkedstraightintoit.答案：trap前加a(1)trapsbinto(doing)sth诱骗某人(做)某事be/gettrappedin被困在……中(2)fallintothetrapofdoingsth掉进……的陷阱set/layatrapfor为……设圈套/陷阱②reserven.(动植物的)保护区(pl.)储藏；储备vt.保留(储备)某物，具有或者保持(某种权利)；预订(座位，住处)；预约(P5)(1)单句语法填空①Weweretoldthatourrooms(notreserve)forthatweek.②I'dliketohaveawindowseat(reserve)sothatIcanenjoyabetterview.③Ihaveseriousreservationshisabilitytodothejob.答案：①hadn'tbeenreserved②reserved③about(2)单句写作Theministrysaidit(保有……的权利)takewhateveractionnecessary.答案：reservedtherightto(1)reservesthforsb/sth为某人/某物保留/预订某物reserve(one's)judgement(onsb/sth)(对某人/某物)保留意见/暂不表态reservetherighttodosth保留做……的权利(2)inreserve贮存；备用(3)reservationn.保留；预订(房间、座位等)makeareservation预订(房间、座位等)withoutreservation毫无保留地havereservationsabout对……持保留意见③beyondprep.超越；超出；在(或向)……较远的一边adv.在另一边；在(向)更远处(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Goodadviceisallprice.②It'sbeyondmeshewantstomarryTom.答案：①beyond②why(2)句型转换Ithinkthatthesituationwasoutofhiscontrolthen.→Ithinkthatthesituationwasthen.答案：beyondhiscontrol(3)单句写作①—I'msorrythatIdidn'tworkoutthisproblem.—It's(在我们能力之外).Ididn'tfigureitout,either.②Inspring,thesceneonthetopofthehillissoappealingthatitis(无法用言语表达)．答案：①beyondourability②beyondwords(1)bebeyondsb对于某人来说难以想象、理解(2)beyondone'scontrol超出某人的控制；不受某人的控制beyondone'sreach够不着，超出……范围beyondone'spower/ability超出某人的能力beyondwords/description无法形容；难以言表beyondquestion/doubt毫无疑问beyondbelief难以置信It'sbeyondmewhy/what...我无法理解为什么/什么……④relevantadj.相关的，切题的；中肯的，有意义的(P6)单句语法填空①Hefailedtosupplythefactsrelevantthecaseinquestion.②Thesecommentsarenotdirectly(relevance)totheinquiryaboutsafetystandards.③Eachoftheseareexpenses(relate)toyourjob.答案：①to②relevant③relatedberelevantto和……有关relevancen.相关性，关联haverelevanceto与……有关eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)表示“与……相关”的短语：beinvolvedin...beassociatedwith...beconcernedwith...berelatedto...⑤advocatevt.拥护；支持；提倡n.提倡者；拥护者(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlytoadvocate(teach)literaturetotouchtheheart.②Hehasbeenastrongadvocatepeaceandjustice.③Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildings(fit)withsmokedetectors.答案：①teaching②of/for③(should)befitted(2)单句写作Headvocatedthatthechildrenpartinsportsgames.他主张儿童应该参加体育活动。答案：(should)take(1)advocate(doing)sth提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocatethat...(should)dosth主张……(从句用should＋动词原形，should可以省略)(2)beanadvocatefor/ofsth/sb……提倡者/拥护者⑥substituten.代替者；代用品v.(用……)替代/取代……(P6)(1)单句语法填空①BillsubstitutedLarry,whowasoffsick.②TheInternetissomuchapartofourculturethatitaffectsourlivesbyactingassubstituteforface­to­facecontacts.③You'dbetter(substitute)thewashingmachinerepairedfivetimesforanewone.答案：①for②a③substitute(2)句型转换Wesubstitutetheredballsfortheblueonestoseeifthebabywouldnotice.→Wetheblueballstheredonestoseeifthebabywouldnotice.→Wetheblueballstheredonestoseeifthebabywouldnotice.→Wetheredballstheblueonestoseeifthebabywouldnotice.答案：substitute;with/by;replace;with/by;exchange;for(1)asubstitutefor...……的替代者amilk/meatsubstitute代乳/肉制品benosubstitutefor没有……那样好；不能替代(2)substituteAwith/byB＝substituteBforA用B代替/取代AreplaceAwith/byB用B代替AexchangeBforA用B兑换Asubstituteforsb/sth代替/取代某人/某物⑦meansn.[C]手段，方法(单复同形)(P10)(1)单句语法填空①Homeworkshouldnotbeusedasa(mean)ofcontrollingchildren.②—DoyoumindifIhavealook?—allmeans.答案：①means②By(2)单句写作Weexpressourthoughtsandfeelings(用，凭借)words.答案：bymeansof(3)句型转换Furthermore,punishmentis(绝不)awisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.→Furthermore,(绝不)punishmentawisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.答案：bynomeans;bynomeansismeansof...……的方法meansofproduction/transport/communication生产工具/运输工具/通信手段bymeansof用，依靠；通过byallmeans一定；务必；当然可以(口语)byanymeans无论如何bynomeans/notbyanymeans决不；无论如何都不eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)(1)means“方法，方式，手段”，其单复数同形，当means作主语且有every,each等表示单数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；当有some,several,many等表示复数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。(2)bynomeans放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。⑧adoptvt.收养，领养；采用，采纳；批准，正式通过(P12)(1)写出下列句中adopt的汉语意思①Aftermuchconsideration,wealldecidedtoadoptmydeskmate'ssuggestion.②Thechildlessoldladyofferedtoadoptoneofthegirls.③Thecouncilisexpectedtoadoptthenewpolicyatitsnextmeeting.答案：①采纳②收养，领养③正式通过(2)单句语法填空①Ifhe(adopt)apositiveattitude,he'llsoonadapttothenewschool.②Tom'smotherhadhim(adopt)becauseshecouldn'tlookafterhimherself.③Thegroupisworkingtopromotethe(adopt)ofbroadbandwirelessaccessoverlongdistance.④Tooursurprise,Dannyistheir(adopt)son.答案：①adopts②adopted③adoption④adopted(3)单句写作Thebestwaytosetupacorrectoutlookonlifeistobeawareofone'sability,acceptone'srealityand(采取积极的态度)towardslife.答案：adoptapositiveattitude(1)adoptone'ssuggestions采纳某人的建议(2)adoptionn.采用；收养adoptedadj.收养的；采用的adoptableadj.可采用的；可收养的eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)adopt与adapt是容易混淆的形似词，adapt意为“适应”。①lookahead展望未来；向前看(P6)(1)单句语法填空Thepolicearelookingthecauseoftheaccident.答案：into(2)单句写作①Wemust(向前看)beforewemakeadecision.②Heisagoodteacher;wealways(尊敬)him.③She(浏览)hernotesbeforetheexam.答案：①lookahead②lookupto③lookedthroughlookinto调查，审查lookthrough浏览lookforwardto盼望；期待lookuptosb尊敬某人lookdownupon...轻视；瞧不起……②referto指，意即；提到；参考，查阅(P6)(1)写出下列句中referto的汉语意思①Ifyoudon'tknowthemeaningofit,refertoyourdictionary.②Inherautobiographysheoccasionallyreferstoherunhappyschooldays.③Pleaserefertothedevicedocumentationforinstructions.④Itcanalsorefertoaconflictoradisagreement,ofteninvolvingviolence.答案：①查阅②提到③参考④指(2)单句语法填空①Heheardthemrefertoher“bigsister”．②Youmayreferthematterhimifnecessary.③Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedas(refer)bookswhilethemagazinesserveasreadingmaterials.答案：①as②to③reference(1)referto...as...把……称作……refer...to...把……提交给……(2)referencen.参考；查阅areferencebook参考书in/withreferenceto关于make(a)referenceto参考；提到forreference以备查阅③inturn依次，轮流；相应地(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Thestudentscleanuptheclassroomeverydayturn.②Wetook(turn)todrivewhenwewenttoGuangzhoutheotherday.③It'sour(turn)todomoreforyou.答案：①in②turns③turn(2)单句改错IfIdothisthingforyou,whatdoIgetinturn?答案：turn→returnbyturns轮流，交替inreturn作为回报takeone'sturn依次，轮到某人taketurnstodo/(in)doingsth轮流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth轮到某人做某事④leadto导致(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Thisproblemmayleadmoreseriousonesifleftunsolved.②Expertswarnthatmedicalwastefromhospitals,ifnothandledproperly,mayleadto(spread)diseases.③InclassIwilldividethestudentsintosmallgroupsandleadthem(practice)speakingEnglishinaninterestingway.答案：①to②spreading③topractice(2)单句改错Hehadledeveryonetobelievingthathisfamilywasverywealthy.答案：believing→believeleadtosp通往某地leadtoone's/onedoingsth导致某人做某事leadsbtosth使得出(观点)；引导某人……leadsbtodosth使某人做某事leadtheway带路inthelead领先takethelead带头；领先eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)(1)leadto中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动词­ing形式。(2)表示“导致，造成”的短语还有：resultin,contributeto,bringabout等。①[教材原句]ScientistsfoundthatthetemperatureoftheEarthiscontrolledbygreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxidewhichtrapheatfromthesunintheEarth'satmosphere.科学家们发现地球的气温受温室气体如二氧化碳的控制，这些气体能将来自太阳的热量留在地球的大气层里。(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.②Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.③Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.答案：①hadbeentrapped②isbeingrepaired③hadbeencarried(2)单句改错①Ourteachertoldustheearthwentaroundthesun.②Thequestiontobeingdiscussedtomorrowinvolvespollution.③Havingwelltendedforhalfayear,thepatientbecamefarbetter.答案：①went→goes②being→be③well前加been(1)当从句表示客观真理或事实及自然现象时，其时态不受主句的限制，而用一般现在时。(2)②[教材原句]Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空去，地球将处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Withoutairthere(be)nolivingthings.②Butforyourhelp,wecouldn't(succeed)．③I'mreallybusy,otherwise,Iwouldcertainly(go)withyou.答案：①wouldbe②havesucceeded③go(2)句型转换Ifhehadn'thelpedme,Icouldn'thavefinishedthetaskaheadoftime.→hishelp,Icouldn'thavefinishedthetaskaheadoftime.答案：Without句中“withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases”是介词短语作状语，表示假设，可替换为条件状语从句“Iftherewerenonaturallyoccurringgases”，因而称为含蓄虚拟条件句。除without外，介词短语butfor,butthat等以及连词otherwise,or等也常用于表示含蓄虚拟条件。③[教材原句]Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.考虑到这一数据，人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。(P6)(1)单句语法填空①(give)thenumberofpeopleweinvited,I'msurprisedthatsofewcame.②(consider)thatsheisinterestedinchildren,I'msureteachingisarightcareerforher.③(see)thatyouarealreadyatthedoor,IsupposeImustinviteyouinside.答案：①Given②Considering③Seeing(2)单句写作Ihavetobecarefulwithmoney,.考虑到我赚的不多，我用钱必须得仔细。答案：giventhatIdon'tearnmuch句中的given为介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因；另外giventhat可视为连词，后接从句，意为“考虑到；假定”。引导条件状语从句，用法相似的表达还有：considering(that)考虑到seeing(that)...鉴于，既然provided/providing(that)...如果，假定suppose/supposing(that)...假定，如果assuming(that)假设，如果根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Itisreported1Earth'sclimateisbeingchangedandhumanbeingswillfaceglobalwarming.Globalwarmingrefers2anaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat,3turn,leadstoclimatechange.Theglobalaveragetemperaturehasincreased41overthelast100yearsbecauseofhumanactivities.Ifthesituationcontinues,wearecondemninglifeonEarthandshouldface5(terror)climatechanges,seriousdiseasesandbadeffectsonsome6(industry)aswellasthe7(rise)sealevels.Sohowcanwestopthesedisastersfromhappening?Governmentsallovertheworldhavea8(responsible)toreducetheamountofcarbondioxide9(produce)bytheircountries.Everyonecanplayhisrolebymakingsmallchangesinhis10(day)life.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.答案：1.duced10.dailyⅠ.单句语法填空1．Thephotonowproves,doubt,thatmyclientisinnocent.答案：beyondbeyonddoubt“毫无疑问，毋庸置疑”。句意：这张照片毫无疑问证明了我的客户是无辜的。2．Wehaveonlytwentyminutesleft,sopleasegettothepointanddon'tsayanythingthatisn't(relevance)toourproblem.答案：relevantberelevantto“与……相关”。句意：我们只剩下20分钟了，所以请说重点，不要说与问题不相关的话了。3．Everypossiblemeans(try)．答案：hasbeentriedmeans是单复数同形的名词，作主语时前有every,each,one等修饰语时，谓语用单数。句意：一切方法都试过了。4．Firefighterstriedeverymeanstosaveresidents(trap)intheburningbuilding.答案：trapped设空处作后置定语，修饰residents,residents与trap之间为被动关系，故填过去分词trapped。5．Itisnecessaryforustothinkofothersandbe(consider)towardsthem.答案：considerate此处为形容词作表语。beconsideratetowardssb“对某人体贴入微”。6．Manyexpertsadvocate(reward)yourchildforgoodbehaviour.答案：rewardingadvocatedoingsth“提倡做某事”。7．IhavetriedhardtoimprovemyEnglish;butbymeansistheteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.答案：no短语bynomeans“决不，一点也不”，放在句首时句子要用部分倒装。8．(give)thathesupportsus,wewillwintheelection.答案：Givengiventhat＋从句，意为“如果，假定”。9．Theoldcomputerdoesn'twork;wemustsubstituteanewoneit.答案：forsubstituteAforB“用A替代B”。10．HecomplainedthatBeijinghotinsummer.答案：is间接引语中转述的内容为客观事实时，时态用一般现在时。Ⅱ.单句写作1．Thesceneryinmyhometownisbeautiful(无法形容)．答案：beyonddescription2．Hisillnessledtohis(不能)attendschool.答案：notbeingableto3．Thelittlechild'swishistoDisneyland.这个小孩子的愿望是被领着去迪斯尼乐园。答案：tobetaken4．Hisparentsdiedinthecaraccidentwhentheboywasfiveyearsold,(剩下他成了孤儿)．(leavesb/sth＋...)答案：leavinghimanorphan5．要不是你的帮助，我不能这么快完成工作。(butfor)答案：Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonbutforyourhelp.Ⅲ.语法填空ClimatescientistsfromtheUniversityofSydneyinAustraliasaytourismcausesover8%ofgreenhousegases.Theirstudylookedatthecarbonfootprintsofmany1(vary)areasoftourism.Uptonow,it2(study)theCO2emissions(排放)fromtransport,events,hotels,restaurants3shopping.Theresearchersspent18monthscarryingouttheresearch.Theyresearchedthetourist4(activity)of189countries.ResearcherDrArunimaMaliksaidherteamanalysedtheinfluence5theenvironmentofoveronemillionbusinesses6(involve)intourism.Theresearcherssaiddomestic(国内的)travelwasa7(big)causeofCO2emissionsthaninternationalorbusinesstravel.Airtravelwasthelargestpartoftourism'sfootprints.Theresearcherssaidflyingwouldcontinuetoincreaseglobalemissionsasmorepeopleintheworldbecomericher.Thecountries8(cause)themostharmarethebiggestandrichestnations.TheUSA,IndiaandGermanyhavethelargesttourismcarbonfootprints,in9carbonemissionswillcontinuetoincreaseasmoreoftheircitizenstravel.Theresearchersencouragedholiday­makersandtravelerstotrytoreducetheircarbonfootprints10(great)whenonvacationsotheirtravelcauseslessharmtotheplanet.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了旅游会产生温室气体，呼吁旅游者在旅游的同时减少自己的碳排放量。1．various/varied考查词性转换。修饰名词areasoftourism要用形容词，故用vary的形容词various/varied。2．hasstudied考查动词的时态。由本句的时间状语Uptonow可知该句时态为现在完成时；由it可知应该用第三人称单数，故填hasstudied。3．and考查连词。此处shopping和transport,events,hotels,restaurants为并列关系，故用and连接。4．activities考查名词。由设空后的189countries可知，此处应为复数，故填activities。5．on/upon考查介词。theinfluenceon/upon“对……的影响”，固定搭配，故用介词on/upon。6．involved考查非谓语动词。business和involve之间为被动关系，故用动词的过去分词involved作后置定语，表示“被包括在内”。7．bigger考查形容词的比较级。由后面的than可知考查比较级，故用big的比较级bigger。8．causing考查非谓语动词。countries和cause之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词的现在分词作定语修饰countries。9．which考查定语从句的引导词。此处为“介词加关系代词”引导的定语从句，which代指先行词TheUSA,IndiaandGermany；in可以放到句中去，为carbonemissionswillcontinuetoincreaseasmoreoftheircitizenstravelintheUSA,IndiaandGermany。故填关系代词which。10．greatly考查词性转换。修饰动词reduce，所以用副词，故填greatly。Ⅳ.短文改错IwasinastrangecitythatwasknowingonlybyGPS.Myphonedied.Icouldn'tfigureouthowtoreachwhichmyformerclassmatelived.IstoppedatMcDonald'sandwalkeduptotwopersonwhoappearedtobeamotherorherteendaughter.“I'msorry,butdidyoumindmyusingyourtelephone？”Shehandedmeherphonebutitwasgettingreadybeturnedoffbecauseshedidn'thaveenoughmoneytopayabill.Imadeformyphonecall.Reachingintoherwallet,IpulledoutallIhad,a$20bill.Ipresseditintothemother'shandandthenturnedtoleavehurried.答案：Iwasinastrangecitythatwaseq\o(knowing,\s\do8(①known))onlybyGPS.Myphonedied.Icouldn'tfigureouthowtoreacheq\o(which,\s\do8(②where))myformerclassmatelived.IstoppedatMcDonald'sandwalkeduptotwoeq\o(person,\s\do8(③persons))whoappearedtobeamothereq\o(or,\s\do8(④and))herteendaughter.“I'msorry,buteq\o(did,\s\do8(⑤do))youmindmyusingyourtelephone？”Shehandedmeherphonebutitwasgettingreadyeq\o(∧,\s\do8(⑥to))beturnedoffbecauseshedidn'thaveenoughmoneytopayeq\o(a,\s\do8(⑦the/her))bill.Imadeeq\o(eq\o(for,＼),\s\do9(⑧))myphonecall.Reachingintoeq\o(her,\s\do8(⑨my))wallet,IpulledoutallIhad,a$20bill.Ipresseditintothemother'shandandthenturnedtoleaveeq\o(hurried,\s\do8(⑩hurriedly)).1．knowing→known考查过去分词。city和know之间是被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词表被动，故将knowing改为known。2．which→where考查宾语从句的连接词。此处宾语从句作reach的宾语，连接词表示地点用where，故将which改为where。3．person→persons考查名词。数词two修饰可数名词person，故将person改为persons。4．or→and考查连词。此处为并列关系。句意：两人可能是妈妈和女儿的关系。故将or改为and。5．did→do考查固定搭配。短语doyoumind“你介意吗？”为固定搭配，故将did改为do。6．ready后加to考查固定用法。getreadytodo“准备做……”，故在ready后加to。7．a→her/the考查代词/冠词。此处bill指这位女士的账单，故将泛指a改为her/the。8．去掉for考查固定用法。make在这里为及物动词，意为“打(电话)”，其后不加介词，故去掉for。9．her→my考查代词。根据后文“IpulledoutallIhad”可知，是作者自己的钱包。故将her改为my。10．hurried→hurriedly考查副词。修饰动词leave应用副词hurriedly，故将hurried改为hurriedly。课时作业Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·全国乙卷)You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore­examinetheirrelationshiptosingle­useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse，”apairof10­foot­tallplasticwaves,frozenmid­crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic，”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。艺术家BenjaminVonWong(本杰明·冯·王)关注塑料污染导致的环境问题，他用回收来的废旧塑料制品创作雕塑作品，以期唤起人们对塑料制品的关注，提高人们的环保意识。1．WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?A．Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B．Introducingeco­friendlyproducts.C．Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D．Reducinggarbageonthebeach.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore­examinetheirrelationshiptosingle­useplasticproducts.”可知，艺术家VonWong制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料废弃物造成的问题。故选C。2．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A．Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B．Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C．Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D．Tofindasubstituteforthem.答案：A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution...becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.”可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为小和轻而无法被回收。由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。3．Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonview