牛津版-第15讲-非谓语之不定式

授课日期时间主题非谓语之不定式学习目标1.掌握不定式的基本用法；2.熟练不定式常考句型；教学内容上次课后巩固作业复习；互动探索。教学建议：1.此环节设计时间在15分钟。2.Tobeornottobe问学生这句话的出处，并简要介绍一下作品主要内容；（作品：《哈姆雷特》处于莎士比亚之作，写的是丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父报仇的故事。王子为麻痹奸王，不得不伪装疯癫，暗中寻找时机，此举，引起奸王怀疑。奸王安排王子的情人奥菲丽娅继续窥探，波澜再起。在此幕中，哈姆雷特的独白，显示了主人公非同一般的内心痛苦，即到底是"生存还是毁灭"的精神搏斗，它一直被公认为是"莎文"中最精彩的篇章。背景简介：莎士比亚的作品《哈姆雷特》写的是丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父报仇的故事。王子为麻痹奸王，不得不伪装疯癫，暗中寻找时机。此举引起奸王怀疑，奸王安排王子的情人奥菲丽娅继续窥探，波澜再起。在此幕中，哈姆雷特的独白，显示了主人公非同一般的内心痛苦，即到底是"作品：《哈姆雷特》处于莎士比亚之作，写的是丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父报仇的故事。王子为麻痹奸王，不得不伪装疯癫，暗中寻找时机，此举，引起奸王怀疑。奸王安排王子的情人奥菲丽娅继续窥探，波澜再起。在此幕中，哈姆雷特的独白，显示了主人公非同一般的内心痛苦，即到底是"生存还是毁灭"的精神搏斗，它一直被公认为是"莎文"中最精彩的篇章。3.原文如下：朗读并简单解释4.后文说明：理解蓝色字体部分的意思。5.通过这些内容旨在帮助学生了解英美文学的同时导出本节课要学习的语法动词不定式todoHAMLETTobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion,Whether’tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem.Todie,tosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheartache,andthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,‘tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewished.Todie,tosleep.Tosleep,perchancetodream:ay,there’stherub;ForinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycomeWhenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,Mustgiveuspause.There’stherespectThatmakescalamityofsolonglife;生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世无涯的苦难,通过斗争把它们扫个干净，这两种行为，哪一种更加高尚？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。——《哈姆雷特》（英·莎士比亚）中的经典独白TobeornottobeOutsidetheBible,thesesixwordsarethemostfamousinalltheliteratureoftheworld.TheywerespokenbyHamletwhenhewasthinkingaloud,andtheyarethemostfamouswordsinShakespearebecauseHamletwasspeakingnotonlyforhimselfbutalsoforeverythinkingmanandwoman.Tobeornottobe,Toliveornottolive,Toliverichlyandabundantlyandeagerly,ortolivedullyandmeanlyandscarcely.Aphilosopheroncewantedtoknowwhetherhewasaliveornot,whichisagoodquestionforeveryonetoputtohimselfoccasionally.Heanswereditbysaying:“Ithink,therefoream.”不定式基本用法此环节教案预期时间60分钟教学建议：此部分记忆性的知识比较多，有部分是学生已经掌握的，建议老师采取提问的方式，或者采取先练习再讲解的方式，了解学生掌握情况，然后针对知识漏洞进行强调。【知识梳理1】不定式的句法功能一、不定式作主语和表语1.不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。2.若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加forsb.。3.但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时（如kind，good,nice，wise，clever，silly，wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,polite,agreeable等），不定式前加ofsb.。4.不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。【巩固练习】基础题 A.tosolve B.tobesolve D.solving D.ofhimtoreturn A.costs...toget B.costs...gettingC.takes...toget D.takes...getting作品：作品：《哈姆雷特》处于莎士比亚之作，写的是丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父报仇的故事。王子为麻痹奸王，不得不伪装疯癫，暗中寻找时机，此举，引起奸王怀疑。奸王安排王子的情人奥菲丽娅继续窥探，波澜再起。在此幕中，哈姆雷特的独白，显示了主人公非同一般的内心痛苦，即到底是"生存还是毁灭"的精神搏斗，它一直被公认为是"莎文"中最精彩的篇章。 A.toexplain D.tobeexplaining A.tolearn B.tobelearning AACCC提高题1.Itwasstupid______youradvice.A.formenottotakeB.ofmenottakingC.formenottakingD.ofmenottotake2.对于珍妮来说通过考试是困难。3.你给了我这么多的帮助，真是太好了。4.Thatgirlseems_______________(好像很聪明).5.Heseemed__________________(已经知道这个消息).DItishard/difficultforJanetopasstheexamination.Itissokindofyoutooffermesomuchhelp.tobeclevertohaveknownthenews二、不定式作宾语：1.只能以不定式作宾语，而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有：（“希望”干）wish,hope,expect,long,desire;（早“打算”）plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;（“同意”“否”）agree,consent,refuse,decline;（“寻”“问”看）seek,ask,beg;（“选”“定”了）choose,decide,determine,promise;（“尽”“自愿”）manage,volunteer,tend;(“称”“失败”）claim,fail;（“敢”“装蒜”）dare,pretend2.可用于“动词+it+形容词／名词+todosth.”结构中的动词有feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等。3.以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。4.有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。【巩固练习】基础题 writing inA.tohandB.handingC.tohand D.tobehandedin A.leave...sendB.left...tosend C.left...send D.leaving...send ?A.totrain...jumping B.training...forjumpingC.totrain...jump D.totrain...tojump . B.doingsomereading...watchingTVC.todosomereading...watchTV D.doingsomereading...towatchTV A.study C.tobestudied D.tobestudyingDCDCD提高题1.我发现在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。I___________________________somuchhomeworkinaday.2.我们认为遵守法律是十分重要的。Wethink_________________________.3.她觉得帮助别人是她的职责。(it)4.他已形成惯例,每天花半小时读21世纪报。(rule,devote)5.玛丽认为能被邀请去她最好朋友的婚礼是很大的荣幸。（it,consider）1.finditimpossibletofinish2.itimportanttoobeythelaw/itisimportanttoobeythelaw3.Shefeelsitherdutytohelpothers.4.HehasmadeitaruletodevotehalfanhoureverydaytoreadingXinminEvening.5.Maryconsidereditagreathonortobeinvitedtoherbestfriend’sweddingceremony.三、不定式作补语：1.常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask，allow，advise，beg，callon，expect，force,forbid,invite,teach,wouldlike,dependon.waitfor等。2.以省略to的不定式作补语的感官动词有：feel（一’’感’’），listento，hear(二’’听’’)；have，let，make(三’’使”)；lookat，see，watch，observe，notice（五’’看’’）。但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中，动词不定式则必须带to，let除外。【巩固练习】基础题1. Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissue B.beingissued C.tohaveissued D.tobeissued2. Thegirlisoftenlistenedtosongsinthenextroom.A.practisetosing B.practisesingingC.topractisetosing D.topractisesinging3. —WhatcanwedotohelpLiMing?—Allwecandoistotry_______thatheshouldstudyevenharder.A.makinghimtorealize B.makinghimrealizeC.tomakehimrealize D.tomakehimtorealize4. Soontheysawthetwostrangersinthecrowd.A.disappear B.todisappear C.disappearing D.disappeared5. ProfessorSmithhashisstudentscompositionseveryFriday.A.towrite B.written C.write D.writingADCAC提高题1.Marymadeherhusband________(do)thehousework.2.Marygotherhusband________(do)thehousework.3.Mary`shusbandwasmade________(do)thehousework.4.Canyoutellmehowtogettheconversation________(go).5.Ihavemyhair________(cut).dotodotodogoingcut四、不定式作定语：1.不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。2.数词和最高级后常接不定式，如thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thebest等。3.有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。【巩固练习】基础题 —I’dliketobuyacarmadeinShanghai.—Okay,Sir.Youhaveseveralmodels .A.tochoose It’stime A.fortransplant C.totransplant .A.ofthinkingoverit B.tothinkitoverC.ofthinkingitover D.tothinkoverit .A.tolive...toeat B.tolivein...toeatC.live...toeat D.tolivein...toeatfor B.todiscover CCBBB提高题1.在随后的岁月里，他去了很多国家。2.她是一个很好共事的人。3.请给我一支能够用来写字的笔。4.我不确定去哪家餐馆吃饭。他总是第一个离开。1.Intheyearstocome,hewenttomanydifferentcountries.2.Sheisaverygoodpersontoworkwith.3.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.4.I’mnotsurewhichrestauranttoeatat.5.Hewasalwaysthefirstpersontoleave.五、不定式作状语：1.不定式作状语主要表目的、结果和原因。2.常用的表示目的短语有：todo，inordertodo，soastodo，（soasto不能放在句首）。不定式作目的状语，其否定式必须用inordernotto或soasnotto;不能只用nottodo。3.常用too…to，enoughto，onlyto，so+形容词／副词+asto，sucha+名词+asto等结构表示结果。4.常用表示情绪的动词surprised，joy，glad，pleased等后接不定式表示原因。常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如totellyouthetruth，tobeexact，tobesure,tobefrank(withyou),tobehonest,tocutalongstoryshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief等。【巩固练习】基础题 .A.forthefamilytolive B.forthefamilytoliveinC.thatthefamilycan’tlivein D.thatthefamilycan’tlive . ?A.togetalongwith B.togetalong D.togettingalongwith . B.forustobefollowedC.tobefollowed D.forustofollow .A.todrinkit B.tobedrunkC.todrink D.tobedrinkingBCADC提高题1.我去音像店就是为了买些CD。Igotothediskshop_________someCD.2.我去剧院就是为了听郭德纲和于谦的相声。Iwenttothetheater____________________(entertain)byGuoDegangandYuqian’scrosstalk.3.我匆忙到那里，却发现他走了。Ihurriedtogetthere____________himout.4.我打电话给一家饭店预订位子，却被告知位子已经订满了。Icalledthehoteltoreserveaseat,___________thatallseatshadbeenbooked.5.她买了她的头发去买了一条金表的链子。1.justtobuy2.justtobeentertained3.onlytofind4.onlytobeinformed5.Shesoldherhairtobuyawatchchain.【知识梳理2】不定式的时态与语态意义1.不定式的时态意义1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。2)进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行。3)完成式：不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。a.happen,seem,bereported,besaid,belikely等动词的复合谓语中，多使用完成式。b.在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。c.完成式用在某些动词后，如pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，wouldlike等表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。2.不定式的语态意义1)当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。2)be+easy/difficult/fit/hard结构中，不定式的主动语态表被动意义。3)therebe结构中不定式多用主动语态表被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。4)当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时，不定式最好用被动语态。【巩固练习】基础题 A.totell B.tobetold C.tobetelling D.tohavebeentold abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudy . D.saiddohavefired Mr.BrownissaidforItalylastweek.A.tohaveleft B.tohave C.tobeleaving D.tohavebeenleft A.beingbadlytreated B.tobetreatedbadlyC.treatingbadly DDBAD提高题Hewasreported___________(cover)30milesonfootthatday.Heseemed_______(show)nointerestinthispicture.Theexcellentstudentasked__________(send)tothepoorestarea.Iwasabout__________(telephone)himwhenheenteredtheroom.Yourtrousersrequire___________________(press).tohavecoveredtoshowtobesenttotelephonepressing/tobepressed【知识梳理3】省去to的动词不定式1.并列不定式to只用于第一个动词之前，后面不定式的to要省略。2.在hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,ratherthan,wouldsooner,wouldsooner…than,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut,mightaswell,donothingbesides,donothingthan(except，save)等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。3.在（一“感’’）feel，（二“听”）hear，listento，（三“使”）have，let，make，（五’’看’’）lookat，see，watch，notice，observe后以不定式作宾补时要省略to;但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时，则不能省略to。4.当动词help意为“帮忙”时，其后的动词不定式可省略也可不省略to；在can’thelp意为“不由自主”时，后需接动名词形式；在cannothelpbut意为“不得不”时，后需接省略to的动词不定式。5.ratherthan，soonerthan位于句首时，其后的不定式省略to。6.主语是all，what引导的从句，或者主语受only，thefirst，one，least或最高级修饰，且从句或短语中有do时，作表语的不定式一般省略to。7.在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。【巩固练习】基础题 I’dratherlosethegame.A.nottohurthim B.nothurthimC.thantohurthim A.todo B.do C.doing D.he’lldo A.taken B.took C.taking D.take Allthepeopleinthehallcouldn’tbutA.tolaugh D.tolaughing —Imeant ,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.A.todo B.to C.doing D.doingsoDADBB提高题1.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped________(rest)onabigrockbythesideofthepath.2.Isawhim________(go)outoftheroom.3.Mr.Wanghashisson_________(write)adiaryeveryday.4.Don’tpretend_________(listen)tome.5.I’msorry,dear.Ididn’tmean________(hurt)you.torest;go;write;tobelistening;tohurt【知识梳理4】带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略1.有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需要，接名词或动名词，注意要与动词不定式区分。这些动词短语有getdownto，keepto，findone’swayto，putone’sheartto，admitto,turnto,leadto,lookforwardto,putone-smindto,stickto,berelatedto,befamiliarto,beaccustomedto,getusedto,befaithfulto,seeto,beequalto,objectto,inadditionto，beopento等。2.一些情态动词oughtto，needto，dareto，would/wouldliketo,wouldloveto，usedto，haveto，begoingto，beableto后省略已提到的或已知的内容。3.动词want,plan,decide,love,like,promise,know,forget,prepare,hope,wish,try,refuse，hate，expect，fail，manage，agree，pretend，afford后省略已提到的或已知的内容。4.疑问词接不定式作宾语时不定式后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。5.形容词afraid,anxious,careful,eager,glad,happy,kind,lucky,proud，ready,sorry,able后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。6.动词allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,force,get,order,permit,teach,prefer,want，warn，wish，command，forbid后作主补或者宾补的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。7.作名词time，chance，duty，right，way定语的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。8.it作形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时，可省略已提及或已知的内容。9.如果重复的不定式是tobe或者tohave时，通常保留be或have。10.作有些感官动词（feel，hear，listento，let，have，make，see等）的宾补时，to,必须省去。【巩固练习】基础题1.HaveyougotusedA.tolive B.living C.toliving D.tobeliving A.toaccepting B.toaccept C.foraccepting D.for —Yes, .A.I’dlike B.I’dliketogo C.I’dlove D.I’dliketo .A.wasn’tableto B.wasn’tabletoaffordC.wasn’table D.didn’tableto A.wheretoget B.wheretogettingC.wheregetting D.whereingettingCADAA提高题Shecan’thelp________(clean)thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed________(take)intothishotelaccordingtotherule.Johnwasmade________(wash)thetruckforaweekasapunishment.Thepatientwaswarned_______(noteat)oilyfoodaftertheoperation.Weagreed________(meet)here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedoutyet.toclean;totake;towash;nottoeat;tomeet此环节教案预期时间20（练题）+15（互动讲解）分钟。教学建议：规定学生必须在20分钟内完成；相互交换批改，表扬正确率最高的学生；做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。课堂练习1.近年高考真题回顾1.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity________societyforreal-lifeexperience.（2013年上海高考）A.explore B.toexplore C.exploring D.explored2.AsJacklefthismembershipcardathome,hewasn’tallowedintothesportsclub.（2012年上海高考）A.goingB.togoC.goD.Gone3.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem______theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.（2011年上海高考）A.losing B.tobelosing C.tobelost D.havinglost4.Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.（2010年上海高考）A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduceKeys:BBBB课堂练习2.用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。1.Sandycoulddonothingbut________(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.2.Withalotofdifficultproblems________(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.3.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole________(play)inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.4.I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything________(buy)?5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,not________(make)itmoredifficult.6. ________(improve)theemployees，workingefficiency,thesupervisorwillallowthemtohaveacoffeebreak.7.Chinahaspromisedtoreviseitsexistingregulationsand________(form)newpoliciesaccordingtoWTOrequirements.8._________(ensure)thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.9.Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_________(leave)theirhomes.10.Edisonwasthefirstscientist_________(build)amodernresearchanddevelopmentcentre.Keys:1.admit;2.tosettle;3.toplay;4.tobebought;5.tomake;6.Toimprove;7.toform;8.Toensure;9.toleave;10.tobuild课堂练习3.翻译增加农民的收入是我们现在面临的主要问题之一。（face）说实话，我真后悔没有帮助他克服困难。（regret）这些广告旨在吸引消费者购买商品。（appeal）他碰巧以前做过这个练习。（happen）Alice主动提出送我去校医务室，她真是太好了。(offer)这次事故怪不得孩子们。（blame）士兵们发现很难在天黑前走完50公里。(cover)人们越来越依赖计算机解决各种各样的问题。（depend）教授的话鼓励她克服了一个又一个困难。(encourage;overcome)1000元足够满足你的需要吗？(enough)keys:Toincreasefarmer’sincomeisoneofthemainissues/problemswearefacedwithnow./Toincreasefarmer’sincomeisoneofthemainissues/problemsfacingusnow.Totellyouthetruth,Ireallyregretnothelpinghimovercomethedifficulties.Theaimoftheseadvertisementsistoappealtocustomerstobuygoods./Theseadvertisementsaimatappealingtocustomerstobuygoods.Hehappenstohavedonetheexercisebefore.ItwaskindofAlicetooffertotakemetotheclinic.Thechildrenwerenottoblamefortheaccident.Thesoldiersfounditdifficulttocover50kilometersbeforedark.Peopledependmoreandmoreoncomputerstosolveproblemsofvariouskinds.Whattheprofessorsaidencouragedhertoovercomeonedifficultyafteranother.Will1000yuanbeenoughtomeetyourneeds?教学建议：1、老师引导学生针对达标检测错题进行反思和总结；2、老师引导学生对精讲提升相关知识进行总结，可采用表格、思维导图等形式呈现。总结部分：跟不定式作宾语的动词有：打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)假装(pretend)喜欢(wouldlike/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)不定式的相关句型：(1)havenochoicebuttodo…….havenothingtodobutdo/donothingbut/exceptdo…….can’tbutdo/can’thelpbutdo/can’tchoosebutdo(2)hadbetterdo/wouldratherdo/wouldsoonerdo/can’thelpbutdo/whynotdowouldliketodo……..ratherthando…….(3)thereisnoneedtodo……..(4)itissaid/known/reported/thought/considered/believedtodo/bedoing/havedone(5)onlytodo/nevertodo(6)consider，judge，believe,make,feel,think,find+it+adj.+todosth.(7)ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time,wishtodo(8)betoblame,betolet主动表被动教学建议：1.规定学生在20分钟内完成；2.要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；3．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；4．让做对的学生给做错的学生讲题，老师进行补充；5．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。语法新题型基础题SectionA We’releavingatsixo’clock,andhope______________(make) ______________(understand). ______________(design) what______________(do)withit. ______________(play) ______________(play) ______________(send)itto. ______________(choose)from,butI’matalosswhichtobuy. I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______________(expect) is______________(be,blame) ______________(ask)have______________(paint) ______________(improve) ______________(noteat) ______________(meet)here.Butsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.Keys：1.tohavemade;2.tounderstand;3.todesign;4.todo;5.toplay;6.toplay;7.tosend8.tochoose;9.toexpect;10.istoblame;11.toask;12.paint;13.toimprove;14.nottoeat;15.tomeet提高题SectionBOnawarmMonday,JennyNeilsonboughtasandwichandparkedhercarundersometrees.Rollingdownthewindowstoletinfreshair,shesettledbacktoenjoyherlunch.Suddenlyshenoticedabigbaldmanrunningthroughtheparkinglot._____________sherealizedwhatwouldhappen,themanwasthere,shouting,“Getout!” Neilsonrefused.Pullingopenherdoor,themanseizedher____________theneckandhair,and_____________(throw)heroutofthecarontotheground.Shescreamed,grabbingherpurseandthekeys.Tworeportersofthelocalnewspaper,RobertBruceandJeffJackson,justoutsidetheirofficebuildingonabreak._____________(hear)thescreams,theyrushedtowardsthecar.WhentheyreachedNeilson’scar,theattacker______________(jump)intothedriver’sseatandwasmadlysearchingforthekeys.Bruceopenedthedoor,andheandJacksondraggedthemanout.Theattackerfoughtback,butwasnomatchforthem.ReggieMiller,aworkerofthelocalnewspaper,heardthescreams,too.Herushedbacktotheofficetophonethepolice,andthenranbackwithsomeplasticropes.Withhisarms_____________(tie)tightbehindhim,theattackerlookedupandsaidcoldly,“Ihopeyouguysfeelgoodaboutyourselves---youjustcaughtoneofthemostwantedmen.”Theyignoredhimandwaitedforthepolice.Later,BruceandJacksonwereshockedtolearnthemanwastheprofessionalcarjackerandsuspectedmurderer,_____________picture-butwithafullheadofhair-hadbeenrecentlyprintedintheirownnewspaper.Neilsonconsidersherselfluckythoughshesufferedinjuries.Shebelievesthestorymighthavehadadifferentending_____________thosegoodpeoplehadnotcometoheraid.Keys:before;by;threw;Hearing;hadjumped;tied;whose;if;二．阅读理解Inbusiness,thereisaspeeddifference:It’sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirm’sleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitivestrategy(策略)andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportant50industryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthe51. Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedwithlowersalesandoperatingincomethanthosethat52atkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontheright53.What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddownto

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