6sigma绿带培训教材-

Revision :1.00Date :June20016西格玛绿带培训MaterialsTWO-6-4-20246标准偏差第二天:TestsofHypothesesWeek1recapofStatisticsTerminologyIntroductiontoStudentTdistributionExampleinusingStudentTdistributionSummaryofformulaforConfidenceLimitsIntroductiontoHypothesisTestingTheelementsofHypothesisTesting-----------------------------------------------------Break--------------------------------------------------------------------LargesampleTestofHypothesisaboutapopulationmeanp-Values,theobservedsignificancelevelsSmallsampleTestofHypothesisaboutapopulationmeanMeasuringthepowerofhypothesistestingCalculatingTypeIIErrorprobabilitiesHypothesisExerciseI-----------------------------------------------------Lunch--------------------------------------------------------------------HypothesisExerciseIPresentationComparing2populationMeans:IndependentSamplingComparing2populationMeans:PairedDifferenceExperimentsComparing2populationProportions:F-Test-----------------------------------------------------Break--------------------------------------------------------------------HypothesisTestingExerciseII(paperclip)HypothesisTestingPresentation

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Population标准偏差,

(whensamplesize,n

20)P状r定o子b命a倚b恭i添l比i病t鹿y斤T副h蛋e古o摄r乓yP砖r葬o友b腐a险b白i宝l恶i猛t季y羽i桌s玻t胁h符e纸c典h追a堡n男c悲e奴f谈o径r瘦a渣n拦e击v楼e勿n汉t姥t葬o浸o搭c胶c朋u咬r明.S躁t祸a聪t搬i增s撞t衬i闻c章a咳l病d哨e炉p赚e携n环d肾e京n燃c妙e零/翠i话n川d串e述p柔e惹n习d肠e亩n阅c乖eP骄o美s则t饥e妨r逮i厅o信r育p呜r茄o双b坚a时b趣i院l岛i口t被yR岭e以l耽a返t苍i伶v赵e稿f乔r恢e或q健u欣e妥n患c洗yM暑a秋k稳e灭d消e搂c咳i草s份i乎o恨n杏t砌h据r伶o映u查g陕h仍p深r劲o锅b标a吉b善i推l由i兆t幻玉y基d沫i版s若t袄r草i语b嘉u嘉t页i说o痛n循s(砍i逃.它e冤.似B鼓i蚀n经o鲁m覆i春a虾l煎,吗P庙o助i疑s估s鸣o犁n防,胃N彻o宏r紫m立a爆l作)CentralLimitTheoremRegardlesstheactualdistributionofthepopulation,thedistributionofthemeanforsub-groupsofsamplefromthatdistribution,willbenormallydistributedwithsamplemeanapproximatelyequaltothepopulationmean.Setconfidenceintervalforsamplebasedonnormaldistribution.Abasistocomparesamplesusingnormaldistribution,hencemakingstatisticalcomparisonoftheactualpopulations.Itdoesnotimpliesthatthepopulationisalwaysnormallydistributed.(Cp,Cpkmustalwaysbasedontheassumptionthat流程isnormal)I秃n陈f盏e伤r棚e狂n窜t侄i州a椒l尺S再t偶a纵t吃i殖s响t远i傍c再sT省h城e流性程o茫f桃i赤n尘t引e正r漂p件r盲e剥t勤i静n母g霸t肚h寺e罩s惕a琴m乌p姻l输e夏d坛a毛t蜜a西t秆o种d结r炮a救w土c悄o绣n烈c皂l乎u伞s法i泉o急n巩s首a滔b梯o漏u辣t吐t举h纳e愧p华o男p牲u晋l攀a口t宁i孕o辣n盐f袍r慌o劣m华w嫁h柱i抵c难h搬t确h框e咏s昼a仅m情p击l纳e枣w才a导s花t飘a岗k勒e津n谎.C换o桥n伙f内i击d堤e渠n荡c蔑e披I设n季t汗e尸r堂v脾a燃l(柴D脉e绢t社e含r潜m抛i低n窜e拢c打o边n写f予i蹲d铃e络n豆c顾e毛l迫e鼻v阔e劫l的f晨o骑r兔a划s雹a怠m业p漆l亩i阻n辟g寄m偶e央a晓n敬t姓o蠢f眠l向u驾c度t侍u擦a项t框e嘉)T榆-族T革e饲s薯t和F忍-羞T溜e狗s筹t(塑D敬e嫌t童e吓r耻m总i锡n欧e欲i议f么t抱h秋e升u匹n爽d臣e绕r拾l抗y滑i孔n盆g况p跪o毛p暮u劲l列a杆t纲i办o堪n把s叮i益s扯s缸i艺g葬n维i柔f读i董c推a冰n汽t削l仗y隙d逮i妈f粘f舍e刊r假e单n险t坐i宫n秤t换e抚r贷m景s橡o勇f肠t踩h采e钥m离e浑a读n相s和v牺a壶r流i搏a它t锻i外o响n订s极)C甲h柳i堪-桨S蛮q元u赛a备r悟e渴T扇e锅s养t蝇o粉f罢I刘n疾d超e藏p练e咽n乏d晨e粒n刘c枣e(涛T掩e竭s懒t做i根f根t破h各e煤s齐a饭m苗p治l绒e只p脾r哄o座p篮o窜r潮t萍i代o毁n忠s迷a肯r绸e况s姑i巴g肝n醉i挽f炸i毅c躬a宋n番t尘l纳y水d情i粘f员f财e纺r危e供n呜t机)C庭o淡r今r俗e相l告a属t办i春o碗n和R辨e果g拘r腐e肺s屿s段i健o厉n(缠D拔e牵t槽e往r插m以i元n训e天i灵f关篮系h性i倒p酸b收e丝式t缓w亡e流e毯n腊v梁a采r弟i岔a测b玩l粒e浮s催e提x吉i揉s克t柳s姐,和g五e膊n砍e嫁r许a拨t市e共m舟o佛d吐e吓l欺e知q齐u她a茧t膝i如o灶n济t回o症p娱r项e溪d帮i挣c倘t残t置h啦e蛮o挽u侮t宾c查o房诚m平e裹o介f伟a贸s问i佩n者g瞎l健e宽o雨u兴t孟p役u钞t趁v歇a证r硬i尝a忧b腥l润e食)C猴e悟n帜t圣r军a允l唐L堵i亚m赚i挑t册T肃h肢e洗o决r顾e挡mThemeanxofthesamplingdistributionwillapproximatelyequaltothepopulationmeanregardlessofthesamplesize.Thelargerthesamplesize,thecloserthesamplemeanistowardsthepopulationmean.2. Thesamplingdistributionofthemeanwillapproachnormalityregardlessoftheactualpopulationdistribution.3. Itassuresusthatthesamplingdistributionofthemeanapproachesnormalasthesamplesizeincreases.m=150Populationdistributionx=150Samplingdistribution(n=5)x=150Samplingdistribution(n=20)x=150Samplingdistribution(n=30)m=150Populationdistributionx=150Samplingdistribution(n=5)某垦些t秘a意k段e被a身w析a纹y挂s棕f详o叨r然s陡a旅m伐p幻玉l侵e谊s辆i绿z醒e和s刘a扶m签p伶l遍i此n径g抽d氏i持s态t慕r尤i腐b毒u滤t你i洞o种n

Forlargesamplesize(i.e.n

30),thesamplingdistributionofxwillapproachnormalityregardlesstheactualdistributionofthesampledpopulation.Forsmallsamplesize(i.e.n<30),thesamplingdistributionofxisexactlynormalifthesampledpopulationisnormal,和willbeapproximatelynormalifthesampledpopulationisalsoapproximatelynormallydistributed.Thepointestimateofpopulation标准偏差usingSequationmay提供apoorestimationifthesamplesizeissmall.IntroductiontoStudenttDistrbutionDiscoveredin1908byW.S.GossetfromGuinnessBreweryinIreland.Tocompensatefor标准偏差dependenceonsmallsamplesize.Containtworandomquantities(x和S),whereasnormaldistributioncontainsonlyonerandomquantity(xonly)Assamplesizeincreases,thetdistributionwillbecomeclosertothatofstandardnormaldistribution(orzdistribution).P嫌e脑r界c理e坟n愈t捞i披l蒜e清s祸o偏f济t殖h鼠e君t修D旗i视s窗t软r霉i钢b祖u度t黎i我o轨nW细h宅e司r捧e昏b谎y慎,d阁f蒙=住D环e砍g起r泪e借e摩o怠f把f娇r律e领e奏d蚁o汤m=出n激(迈s歉a衔m灵p估l抬e芬s嘉i相z逼e税)熄–匙1S围h韵a虑d狐e孔d弹a权r现e雀a靠=滨o稍n渣e灵-断t淡a尤i皂l壶e病d号p许r熔o宴b裂a屡b常i作l两i我t吗y界o察f秩o要c喊c备u咐r絮e室n罪c移ea=钟1广–高S凉h始a趟d帐e郊d话a念r像e稼aA绍p汉p源l碧i散c费a渔b猎l要e免w雨h诞e焰n牙:S祝a鞠m弃p赢l六e搏s吗i猪z屿e竿<糟3纯0标拨准沟偏从差i础s皇u拔n食k阿n控o怠w递nP玻o杠p池u禁l洗a考t跳i盈o舰n着d刷i己s艺t馒r逐i斑b债u刮t戴i颂o警n叶i茫s仰a主t仆l狡e折a疼s辞t隶a挤p爸p训r传o免x在i旁m堤a盏t捧e甩l编y签n清o名r糖m猾a附l巡寿l矛y民d北i板s搞t昂r葛i支b绵u科t氧e宾dt(a,u)aAreaunder