计算机专业英语（第3版）-练习及情境对话 课件 1.5 Reading and Comparing（对照阅读）

对照阅读ReadingandComparing计算机专业英语chapterone

HardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Acomputerisafastandaccuratesymbolmanipulatingsystemthatisorganizedtoaccept,store,andprocessdataandproduceoutputresultsunderthedirectionofastoredprogramofinstructions.Acompletecomputersetisasystemthatbasicallyincludesthefollowingfourkeyparts:theprocessor,thememory,theInputandtheOutput.计算机是一个快速和精确的符号处理系统，它被组织成能在所存储程序指令的作用下接受、存储和处理数据并产生输出结果。一个完整的计算机系统基本上包括以下4个部分：处理器、存储器、输入部分和输出部分。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Theprocessoristhe“brain”ofthecomputerthathastheabilitytocarryoutourinstructionsorprogramsgiventothecomputer.Theprocessoristhepartthatknowshowtoaddandsubtractandtocarryoutsimplelogicaloperations.InabigmainframecomputertheprocessoriscalledaCentralProcessingUnit,orCPU,whileinamicrocomputer,itisusuallyknownasamicroprocessor.处理器是计算机的“大脑”，它具有执行用户提交给系统的指令或程序的能力。处理器是实现加法和减法运算以及执行简单逻辑运算的部件。在大型计算机系统中，处理器被称作中央处理单元，或CPU，而在微型计算机系统中，通常叫作微处理器。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Thememoryisthecomputer’sworkareaandnothinglikeourownmemory,sothetermcanbemisleading.Thecomputer’smemoryiswhereallactivitiestakeplace.Thesizeofacomputer’smemorysetsapracticallimitonthekindsofworkthatthecomputercanundertake.存储器是计算机的工作区，但它完全不像我们的记忆系统，这个术语可能会引起误解。计算机的存储器是所有活动发生的场所。计算机存储器的容量限制了计算机能承担的工作种类。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统I/Oareallthemeansthatthecomputerusestotakeinorputoutdata.Itincludesinputthatwetypeinonthekeyboardandoutputthatthecomputershowsonthevideodisplayscreenorprintsontheprinter.Everytimethecomputeristakinginorputtingoutdata,it’sdoingI/OusingI/Odevices,whichisalsocalledperipheraldevices.I/O是计算机用来获取数据或输出信息的所有手段。它包括我们借助于键盘的输入和通过显示器或打印机的输出。每次计算机输入或输出数据，都得通过也被称作外围设备的I/O设备实现I/O操作。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Mostoftheinputdevicesworkinsimilarways.ThemessagesorsignalsreceivedareencodedintopatternswhichCPUcanprocessbyinputdevices,then,conveyedtoCPU.InputdevicescannotonlydeliverinformationtoCPUbutalsoactivateordeactivateprocessingjustaslightswitchesturnlampsonoroff.大部分输入设备以相似的工作方式工作。输入设备把接收到的信息和信号进行加工，使之变成CPU能处理的编码，然后传送给CPU。输入设备不仅能给CPU输送信息，而且也能像开关控制电灯那样激活或终止处理过程。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Outputdevicesalsoplayimportantrolesinacomputersystem.Theycantelltheprocessingresultsandwarnuserswheretheirprogramsoroperationsarewrong.Themostcommonoutputdevicesaremonitor,matrixprinter,inkjetprinter,laserprinter,plotterfordrawing,speaker,etc.Theyalsoworkinsimilarways.TheydecodethecodedsymbolsproducedbyCPUintoformsofinformationthatusersunderstandoruseeasilyandshowthem.输出设备在计算机系统中也扮演着重要的角色，它们能告诉用户处理的结果，警告用户程序或操作在哪里出错了。最常见的输出设备有显示器、点阵打印机、喷墨打印机、激光打印机、绘图仪和扩音器等。它们也以相似的方式工作：把CPU产生的编码形式的信号解码，变成人们易懂和易用的形式并显示出来。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether计算机专业英语它们如何协同工作Firstly,youprovideinputwhenyouturnonthecomputer.ThenthesystemsoftwaretellstheCPUtostartupcertainprogramsandtoturnonsomehardwaredevicessothattheyarereadyformoreinputfromyou.Thiswholeprocessiscalledbootingup.首先，开机就是提供一个输入信号。然后，系统软件会告诉CPU去运行某个程序并启动一些硬件，以使系统准备接收用户输入的信息。这整个过程称为系统引导。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether计算机专业英语它们如何协同工作Thenextstephappenswhenyouchooseaprogramyouwanttouse.Youclickontheiconorenteracommandtostarttheprogram.Let’susetheexampleofanInternetbrowser.Oncetheprogramhasstarted,itisreadyforyourinstructions.Youeitherenteranaddress(calledaURL,whichstandsforUniformResourceLocator),orclickonanaddressyou’vesavedalready.Ineithercase,thecomputernowknowswhatyouwantittodo.接下来的一步是选择想要运行的程序，单击应用程序的图标或输入一个命令都可启动程序。以浏览器为例，一旦程序启动，就可以接受指令了。你既可以输入一个地址（即URL，统一资源定位），也可单击收藏夹里的网址。不论哪一种，计算机都知道你让它做什么了。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether计算机专业英语它们如何协同工作Thebrowsersoftwarethengoesouttofindthataddress,startingupotherhardwaredevices,suchasamodem,whenitneedsthem.Ifitisabletofindthecorrectaddress,thebrowserwillthentellyourcomputertosendtheinformationfromthewebpageoverthephonewireorcabletoyourcomputer.Eventually,youseethewebsiteyouwerelookingfor.浏览器会自动搜索地址，如果需要的话，它可以启动其他的硬件，如调制解调器。若能找到正确的网络地址，计算机会通过电话线或电缆将网页上的信息在浏览器中显示出来。最后，你就能看到所搜索的网站了。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:Can