这种现象也发生在动物身上

LANGUAGEPOINTSOFCLONINGCloning:Whereisitleadingus?Italsohappensinanimalswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg.Translation这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵产生性别与相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。①Whatdoesitstandfor?it指代上文的cloning②Whatisthefunctionofidenticalinsexandappearance?identicalinsexandappearance是一个形容词短语作后置定语。用identical翻译如下句子这两种样式几乎完全相同。Thesetwodesignsarealmostidentical.我的意见和他的相同。Myopinionisidenticalwithhis.我们双方对应当怎么办的看法是一致的。Weareidenticalinourviewsofwhatshouldbedone.这是我们去年住过的那家旅馆。Thisistheidenticalhotelthatwestayedinlastyear.2.Firstly,gardenersuseitallthetimetoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.大量的供商用的植物3.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistswasrewardedin1996withabreakthroughthecloningofDollythesheep.翻译但是科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉〞的诞生。4.Thewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,Dolly,thesheep.翻译：整个科学界都在关注着首例成功的克隆动物多莉羊的成长。Follow:tohaveagreatinterestinsomethingorwatchsomethingclosely:Hefollowsmostsportsenthusiastically.Theyfollowedheracademicprogressclosely.5.CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.castdown(多用于被动结构或作表语〕沮丧；消沉〔==feelingunhappyanddepressed)试翻译：①试验的失败使他非常沮丧。Hewasmuchcastdownbythefailureoftheexperiment.②任何人都会因为这样的消息而感到悲伤。Anyonewouldbecastdownbynewssuchasthat.Ⅱbeappropriateto…适合于……的;与……相称的〔=besuitableforaparticularperson,condition,occasionorplace;fitting)翻译以下句子〔用appropriate)用与你的题目相称的题材写。Writeinastyleappropriatetoyoursubject.他的便服,不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。Hiscasualclotheswerenotappropriateforsuchaformaloccasion.6.Ontheotherhand,Dolly’sappearanceraiseda

stormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthe

mediaandpublicimagination.raise在此是“唤起、引起、使出现〞之意。=bringabout翻译：他的缺席引起人们对他平安的担忧。Hisabsenceraisedfearsabouthissafety.用动物作科学试验引起了一些棘手的道德问题。〔ethicalquestions)Theuseofanimalsinscientifictestsraisessomedifficultethicalquestions.Ⅱastormof…常常指感情猛然爆发或强烈表现例如：一阵猛烈的抗议

astormofprotest一阵弹雨/箭雨

astormofbullets/arrows一阵暴风雨般的掌声/欢呼声

astormofapplause/cheers一阵辱骂/抨击

astormofabuse/criticismSuddenviolentoutburstordisplayofstrongfellingⅢhave/makeastrong/greatimpacton…

对……有〔或产生〕巨大影响翻译这场反对吸烟的运动对年轻人有极大的影响。Theanti-smokingcampaignhashadquiteanimpactonyoungpeople.这本书对读者产生了巨大的影响。Thisbookmadeagreatimpactonitsreaders.7.Governmentsbecamenervousandmanyforbaderesearchintohumancloning.各国政府恐慌不安，许多政府命令禁止进行克隆人类的研究。forbid后面可以接三种搭配

①名词，代词或动名词作宾语②不定式的复合结构作宾语③双宾语forbid用forbid翻译如下句子①法律禁止销售香烟给年龄不满16岁的人。(名词作宾语〕Thelawforbidsthesaleofcigarettetopeopleundertheageof16.②法律禁止在此处进行修建。〔ing-formasObject)Thelawforbidsbuildingonthisland.③大多数父母都禁止自己的孩子吸烟。Mostparentsforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.④他的父母不准他喝酒。Hisparentsforbadhimtodrinkwine.HISPARENTSforbadhimwine.⑤tohavetheeffectofpreventing;阻碍，阻止Thekingforbidsusfromgoingout.Lackofspaceforbidsfurthertreatmentofthetopichere.因篇幅所限,此处不便对此题作进一步阐述.8.SomecountriessuchasChinaandtheUKcontinuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.翻译有些国家，如中国，英国，那么仍在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。1〕accumulate有收集、堆集、积累的意思〔=togatherorpile),强调经过一段比较长的时间由少及多的积累，使用范围较广，似乎但凡在数量方面的增长都可以表示。它既可作为及物动词也可作为不及物动词那家公司几年内积累了大量的财富。Thecompanyhasaccumulatedgreatwealthwithinafewyears.然而随着迹象(evidence)开始积累,伦敦动物园的专家们感到有必要〔feelobligedto)进行调查了。However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheLondonzoofeltobligedtoinvestigate.2)evidence意思为证据、根据，是不可数名词。(=athingorthingshelpfulinformingaconclusionorjudgement)Isthereanyevidencefor/ofhisguilt?有什么证据证明他犯罪了？被打碎的窗户就是曾经发生盗窃案的证据。(burglary)Thebrokenwindowwasevidencethataburglaryhadtakenplace.Page13

LearningaboutLanguageDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsPart11.INmanyrespectsnaturalclones______greatlyfromman-madeclones.2.Hewasmuch___________bythefailureofhiscloningexperiment.3.Dusthad____________duringtheyearswhenthehousewasdeserted.4.RobertsuggestedthatIshould__________thejobofdecoratingtheceilingofthehall.5.Hermemoryis______,andsheseldomgoeswrong.6.Shewasn’t______________pleasedwithherdecision,butshehadnootherchoice.differcastdownaccumulatedundertakeexactaltogetheraltogether①总之；总共Altogethertherewere18peopleinthebus.Altogetherourachievementsareverygreat.②完全地；全然客人们并不完全满意。Thevisitorsfeltnotaltogethersatisfied.他全然不知该怎么做。He'snotaltogethersurewhattodo.Part2Rewritethefollowingsentences1.Comparedwithherbrother,sheisstraightforwardaboutheropinions.2.Thearbitrary

decisionsofthefactoryleaderscausedangeramongtheworkers.3.Isyournewfactoryinthecommercial

areaofBeijing?4.Areyouinfavorofthegovernment’splantobuildmorerailwaylines?5.Thisistheprocedureforyoutohaveyourteethout.6.Iobjecttoyourplanbecauseitwillcosttoomuchmoney.7.YourmotherandIwillforbidyoutostayoutsolatewhenyouhavehomeworktodo.Part3Fillinthepassagebelow.WhenFreddythefroggrewolderhewantedto__________cloningsothathismusicalcareercouldcontinue.Thedoctorexplainedthatcloningwasa_____________questionthatheshouldconsiderseriously.SoFreddyaskedhisfriendsandnotedwith___________thattheyagreedwithhim.However,shortlyafterhedidsomeresearch,hefelt___________whenhediscoveredthefateofthe____________clone,Dollythesheep.Thedreamthatonecouldliveforevernowseemedimpossible.SoFreddymadeuphismindtoenjoyhissingingand____________manyhappyexperiencessothatwhenheretiredhewouldbeabletolookbackonhislifewithgreatpleasure.undertakecontroversialsatisfactioncastdownbreakthroughaccumulatePart4matching1.Whatisyourpointofviewabouthumancloning?Myopinionisthathumancloningshouldbeforbidden.2.Howcanyouproveacloneisauthentic?Arealcloneshouldbeidenticaltoitsoriginalparent,fromwhomthecellwastaken.3.Howdogardenersbenefitfromcloning?Cloninghelpsthemgetprofitsfromcommercialquantitiesofplants.4.Howdifferentlydopeoplethinkofthecloningofplantsandthatofanimals?Thecloningofplantsisstraightforwardbutthecloningofanimalsiscontroversial.5.Whatwasthebreakthroughinthehistoryofcloning?Dollythesheepwasthefirstmammalcloneandanimportantsuccess.6.Whydosomepeopleobjecttohumancloning?Manypeopleareagainsthumancloningbecauseofreligiousandmoralbelief.Discoveringusefulstructures1.appositive①AltogetherDollylivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.②Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelop

normallywasveryencouraging.ⅰThewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,Dolly,thesheep.ⅱThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.

同位语介绍详见课本第95页。AppositiveClauseAnappositiveisanounornounphrasethatrenamesanothernounrightbesideit.Theappositivecanbeashortorlongcombinationofwords.一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．我不知道你在这里。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word〔消息〕，possibility等。如：I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词有连词that，whether，连接副词how,when,where等。如：lhavenoideawhenhewillbeback．我不知道他什么时候回来。Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须答复他是否同意这样一个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：Severalyearslater，wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem．几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：Thenewsthatlhavepassedtheexamistrue．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。〔同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。〕Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue．他刚刚告诉我的消息是真的。〔定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的〞那个消息，而不是别的消息。〕2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。〔that在从句中不充当任何成份。〕Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。〔that在从句中作gave的宾语。〕Part2TranslatethepassageintoChineseandunderlinetheappositivewordsandphrasesDollythesheepbecameascientificbreakthroughwhenthenewsthatithadbeenbornwasannouncedin1997.1997年多莉羊诞生的消息宣布后便成为一项科学突破。However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.但是，后来多莉染上严重肺癌的问题又使科学家们忧虑。On14thFebruary2003scientistsmadethedecisionthatDollyshouldbeputtosleep.2003年2月14日科学家们做出让多莉羊“长眠〞的决定。Dolly’sdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.ThefactthatDollydiedwhenshewasquiteyoungdisappointedpeopletheworldover.多莉之死正假设他的出现一样，肯定会带来焦虑。多莉早亡的事实让世人失望。Scientistsholdthebeliefthatcloningmayleadtomanyimportantscientificbreakthroughsandmedicaltreatments.Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?〞科学家们认为克隆可能会带来很多重大的科学突破和医学疗法，但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedebateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentshouldbeallowed.Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumptionthathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasn’tbeenprovedyet.除此之外，关于是否应该允许进行人类克隆实验的问题也引起了剧烈的争论。科学家们相信人类的克隆只不过是时间问题，但是克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实。Dollythesheepbecameascientificbreakthroughwhenthenewsthatithadbeenbornwasannouncedin1997.However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.On14thFebruary2003scientistsmadethedecisionthatDollyshouldbeputtosleep.Dolly’sdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.ThefactthatDollydiedwhenshewasquiteyoungdisappointedpeopletheworldover.Scientistsholdthebeliefthatcloningmayleadtomanyimportantscientificbreakthroughsandmedicaltreatments.Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?〞_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedebateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentshouldbeallowed.Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumptionthathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasn’tbeenprovedyet.______________________________________________________________________________________**beboundto有必定，一定的意思，例如看看天今天一定会下雨。Lookatthesky.Itisboundtorainthisafternoon.在这么大的一群人中，你一定会遇到不同意见。Inagroupasbigasthis,youareboundtohavedisagreements.你下了这么大功夫，一定能考及格。Youhavedonesomuchworkthatyouareboundtopasstheexam.Page55

Workbook—Usingwor