统考版2023高考英语二轮专题复习专题五短文改错-先方法再行文第一讲攻关八类词法类错误教师用书

专题五短文改错——先方法·再行文从近5年高考短文改错考查的知识点来看，短文改错不仅考查基本语法知识，而且考查文段的行文逻辑，因此短文改错与完形填空、阅读理解一样注重强调整体理解，从宏观上把握。因此，在解题时如果能先词法、句法入手，再行文逻辑，则能化繁为简，取得事半功倍的效果。【近3年全国卷考情分析】

◎细品命题者说——借鉴高考状元解题经验◎

◎紧握答题万能公式避免规范原则错误◎假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。[2022·全国甲卷]①MyfatheroftentookmetohishospitalwhenIwasoffmyschool.②Heshowedmehowhismedicalinstrumentswasused.③Ifeltsocloselytohim.④However,afterIwenttohighschool,somehowIbecomedistantfromhim.⑤Iwasunwillingtalkwithhimandoftendisobeyedhisruleofnotstayoutwithmyfriendstoolate.⑥ThedisagreementwastoosharpthatneitherhenorIknewwhattosettleit.⑦Oneday,hetalkedwithmeorhopedtomendourrelations.⑧Withtheeffortsmadebyallsides,webegantounderstandeachotherbetter.,*动词形，名词数句②动词误用。考查主谓一致。instruments为名词复数，助动词be应为复数形式。________________句④时态错用。根据上下文时态可知，该文章讲述的是发生在过去的事情，因此谓语动词become应用过去式。________________*还要留意形和副句③形容词、副词错用。feel＋adj.表示“感到……”，close意为“亲近的”。________________*代词格，细领悟句①代词多余。offschool为固定搭配，意为“放学”。________________句⑧代词错用根据上下文可知，文章讲述的是“我”和父亲两人之间的关系变化，both表示“两个……”。________________*非谓语搞清楚句⑤非谓语动词误用。介词of后搭配动词时，应用动词­ing形式。________________*冠词、连词常光顾句⑥so...that为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”；根据语境可知，此处指“我”和父亲不知道“如何”处理分歧。故应用how。________________句⑦根据句意可知，talked和hoped为两个并列的谓语动词。故应用并列连词and连接。________________*习惯用法要记住句⑤固定搭配错用。beunwillingtodosth.为固定搭配，意为“不愿意做某事”，此处的totalk为动词不定式。________________

第一讲攻关八类词法类错误技法探究·素养提升考点1名词和冠词【典例1】[2022·全国乙卷]Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.考场思维：(1)语境含义：如果我们用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。(2)根据语法知识分析可知，此句为名词单复数误用。根据cars可知bicycle要用复数形式。自主解答：________________【典例2】[2021·全国乙卷]Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我喜欢做家务活。饭后，我总是帮助父母洗碗。(2)根据语法知识分析：名词单复数误用。短语dothedishes意为“洗碗”。自主解答：________________1．[2022·大同市高三调研]Afterleavingthemuseum,wewentdowntownandfounditwascrowdedwithquitealotofbuilding.________________2．[2021·全国甲卷]Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey'reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.________________3．[2022·河南省仿真模拟]Oneday,I'dliketohavemyhairscut.Mymotherdidn'tagreewithme.________________4．[2022·安徽省考前适应性考试]LastFriday'sevening,Iwenttowatchtheballet“TheWhite­hairedGirl”．________________5．[2022·安庆市高中联考]Whataunforgettablelesson!AfterwardsImanagedtofigureoutthewoman'sname:“Dorothy.”________________6．[2022·安徽省高考冲刺卷一]Thisfunnyexperiencealsotaughtmethelesson.________________7．[2022·河南省百所名校压轴卷]Becauseitwasalittlefarfromourhome,wewenttherebybus.Afterabouttwohour,wegotthere.Seeingusgettingoffabus,myuncleandauntcametomeetusgladly.________________8．[2022·河南省大联考前卷]Lastyear,IwenttotheBritishhighschoolasanexchangestudent.________________,1．理清单复数使用情况(1)单个名词和不可数的名词要用单数。(2)多个可数的名词要用复数。2．牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词advice，news，information，progress，work，fun，weather，music，health，luck。3．三类位置后常用名词(1)冠词后常用名词。(2)介词后常用名词。(3)形容词性物主代词后常用名词。4．关注冠词的考查重点(1)a和an，表达数量或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。(2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面要加the。(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置空下来，形成“零冠词”。(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。考点2介词和数词【典例1】[2022·全国乙卷]Maybeitisbecausethecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.考场思维：(1)语境含义：也许是因为新鲜的空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。(2)考查介词的缺失。because是连词，其后要接句子，becauseof后接名词或名词短语。自主解答：________________【典例2】[2021·全国乙卷]Inmyopinion,studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.考场思维：(1)语境含义：在我看来，学生做一些家务可以受益很多。(2)考查介词的缺失。benefitfrom/bydoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“得益于(做)某事”。自主解答：________________1．[2022·河南省百所名校压轴卷]Lastweekend,Iwentwithmyparentsvisitmyuncleandaunt,wholiveinthecountryside.________________2．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool,Ireconsideredmygoalanddecidedtobeadoctor.________________3．[2022·山西省运城市第四次模拟]Hewouldwanderinthesupermarketnearby,waitingus.________________4．[2022·西北工业大学附中适应性训练]AbigstormdestroyedtwovillagesinSouthAfricaonlastFriday,causing4deaths.________________5．[2022·宝鸡市模拟三]Theyweretakingphotoswhenthegirlfellofffromtheboatintothewater.Thencameacryof“help!help！”________________6．[2022·芜湖市5月质量监测]TodaymottoesfromConfucianismarefrequentlyusedbyforeignofficialsontheirspeechesortalks.________________7．[2022·陕西西安中学模拟]Hundredofstudentstookexamsforit,butonlyafewwerechosenandIwasoneofthem.________________8．[2022·贵阳第二次模拟]IrememberclearlythatwhenIwasonmyeighteenbirthday,myfathergavemeapresent—apicturebook.________________9．[2022·安庆市示范高中联考]Shewasprobablyinherfifty,withlonganddarkhair.________________,1．关注介词遗漏(1)不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。(2)作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具等，不定式后要有相应的介词。2．明辨介词多余(1)及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。(2)this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。3．牢记相似介词的区别in,on,at的区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里(在将来时的句子中则表示在一段时间之后)，on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示在具体的时刻。4．识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用“只描述数量多少”用基数词；“强调顺序性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。5．注意年龄、年代的表达法表达“在某人几十岁时”用“inone's＋逢十的基数词复数”；表达“在几十年代”时，用“inthe＋逢十的基数词复数”。考点3谓语动词误用【典例1】[2021·全国乙卷]Also,itgivesourparentsmoretimetodowhattheyarelikeanditimprovesthefamilyrelationship.考场思维：(1)语境含义：此外，这给了父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，这改善了家庭关系。(2)谓语动词的误用。分析句子结构可知，what引导宾语从句，句中的like作动词，意为“喜欢”，故are多余。自主解答：____________【典例2】[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,butIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.考场思维：(1)语境含义：实际上，我从七岁就开始学功夫了，但我已经很长时间没练习了。(2)根据分析可知，本句考查谓语动词时态错误。由“whenIwassevenyearsold”可确定该句谓语动词应该为一般过去时态。自主解答：______________1．[2022·蚌埠市第四次质量检测]Notlongago,ourschoolorganizeacharitywalktoraisemoneyforchildreninpoorareas.________________2．[2022·贵阳市五校联考]Duringmylastsummerholiday,Igotothecountrysidetoenjoymyself.________________3．[2022·黑龙江大庆市5月联考]Itnotonlybringsuspleasurebutreducewastearoundus.________________4．[2022·大庆市第三次检测]LastFridaymorningIfinishmyPEtest.Asaboy,Iwasjoinedintwoparts,thelongjumpandthe1，000­meterrace.________________5．[2022·长春市实验中学押题卷]OnMondaymorning,weweretoldafunsportsmeetingwouldheldontheschoolplaygroundonFridayafternoon.________________6．[2021·全国甲卷]Oneofthequestionsare:Whowillyougotointimesoftrouble?Herearetheresults.________________7．[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]Mydaddon'tlikethesoupandIdon'tenjoyapples.________________8．[2022·景德镇市第二次质检]Incollegelife,recreationalactivitiescanbynomeansignored.________________1．识别时态不一致文章前后是现在时但却用了过去时，或前后都是过去时却用了现在时，导致时态不一致。2．判断并列不一致在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and，or等后面的动词与前面的哪个动词并列，一定要理解，辨别清楚。3．留心语态错误(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在分词。(2)主动语态中多了be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。4．注意主谓不一致情况主语是单数形式，谓语却采用复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采用单数形式，导致主谓不一致的情况。5．牢记情态动词用法(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去式或其他形式。(2)情态动词相互间的误用。考点4非谓语动词形式错误【典例1】[2021·全国甲卷]Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.考场思维：(1)语境含义：他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢和别人说话。(2)非谓语动词的误用。dislikedoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“不喜欢做某事”。自主解答：________________【典例2】[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我对妈妈说如果我们被强迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。(2)根据固定搭配解题：beforcedtodosth.“被迫做某事”。自主解答：________________1．[2022·贵阳一模]Istronglysuggestweshouldmakefulluseofoursparetimegotothelibrary.________________2．[2022·太原五中模拟一]IputmyowncreativeideasandimaginationdownonpaperasIworkhardtoimprovingmyskills.________________3．[2022·安阳市高考模拟]Eachofuswasmadecarryhalfoftheother'slunchtoschool.________________4．[2022·宝鸡市模拟三]YesterdayafternoonIhappenedseeatouchingeventinHongxingPark.________________5．[2022·江西省宜春市八校联考]Havedecidedtofocusonbothourstudyandlife,wewillmakearelevantplan.________________6．[2022·榆林市第四次模拟]Besides,itconvincedmethatlivingalonedidnotmeanbelonely.________________7．[2022·景德镇市第二次质检]Facesomanyinterestingextracurricularactivities,wecollegestudentshavetroublechoosingtheproperones.________________8．[2022·山西运城市模拟测试]Wearinguniformsalsosavetimeforstudentsastheydon'tneedtowastetheirvaluabletimedecidewhattoweareverymorning.________________9．[2022·太原押宝题]Amazingathowskillfultheywere,Iwasdeterminedtobejustasgood.________________10．[2022·江西省模拟三]Afterthat,weenjoyedthedeliciousfoodbringingfromhomeandappreciatedthebeautifulsceneryofthepark.________________1．理清to的两种命题方式(1)多余：感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。(2)缺失：有些动词，如want,decide,plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。2．辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。3．搞清动词­ing形式与动词­ed形式的区别动词­ing形式表主动、进行；动词­ed形式表被动、完成；动词­ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物；而动词­ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到……的”，常修饰人。4．掌握介词标志介词后一般需要跟名词或动词­ing形式。5．注意主语或宾语形式主语或宾语常常使用动词­ing形式或不定式。6．明辨介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别介词to后接名词、代词或数词，构成介词短语；不定式符号to后接动词原形，构成不定式短语。考点5形容词和副词误用【典例1】[2022·全国乙卷]Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。(2)根据语法知识分析可知，此句为形容词、副词错用。exercise是名词，修饰名词要用形容词。自主解答：________________【典例2】[2021·全国乙卷]What'smore，doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.考场思维：(1)语境含义：更重要的是，做家务是一种从学习中精神放松的形式。(2)形容词副词的误用。此处应用形容词mental修饰名词relaxation。自主解答：________________1．[2021·全国甲卷]Inmyopinion,whenintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmostly.________________2．[2022·河南省大联考最后一卷]IfoundmathsquiteeasilytherebecausethemathsteachmaterialsarelessadvancedintheUK.________________3．[2022·南昌二模]Itprovidesmewithknowledge,andconvincesmeentirethatbeingaloneisnotlonely.________________4．[2022·芜湖市5月质量监测]TodaymottoesfromConfucianismarefrequentusedbyforeignofficialsintheirspeechesortalks.________________5．[2022·贵州模拟七]Asyoualreadyknow,therearealotofforestfiresduringthesummerseason.Manyforestsarebadburnteachyear.________________6．[2022·河南省百所名校压轴卷]Inthisway,Isavedaducksuccessfulandfeltveryhappy.________________7．[2022·河南名校联盟压轴卷一]Beside,parkingcarscanbereallyannoyed.Inmyopinion,afamilyshouldthinkcarefulbeforebuyingacar.________________8．[2022·太原五中模一]Anditisthisrealizationthathasbroughtmetoworkevenhardthaneverbefore.________________9．[2022·安阳重点高中调研九]Familycarsareintendedtobeconvenient.Therefore,willtheyreallybringconveniencetoeverydaylife？________________,1．明辨词性误用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中作状语。2．理清比较级、最高级的误用(1)原级和比较级混用，比较级前面的提示词是much,far,still,even,rather,alittle,abit,alot,agreatdeal等。(2)比较级和最高级混用，最高级和定冠词的连用。(3)在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。(4)在没有最高级的词前误加most。3．关注形近词误用hard意为“刻苦地，猛烈地”，hardly意为“几乎不，几乎没有”；beside意为“在……旁边”，besides意为“另外”；near意为“近的”，nearly意为“几乎”。4．看清重点连接副词误用however主要用于转折或对比，意为“然而，可是，但是”；therefore主要表示结果，意为“因此，所以”。练重点练难点·创新应用体验Test1[2022·临川一中高三实战演练5月冲刺]Iwouldliketotalkaboutmyfavoritesport,running.Ionlytakeitupafewmonthsagothankstomycolleagueswhomareprofessionalrunners.Ispendmorethantwohoursruneveryafternoon.ThereareseveralreasonswhyIamfondthissport.First,itistheprettycheapandeasysporttotry.AllIneedisapairofrunningshoes.Second,thisisasportthatcanbringussomenewfriends.Third,sinceIstartedthissportIhavehardlycaughtanymorecommonhealthissuelikefever,flu,orcold.What'smore,Icanshowhigherproductivitythanbeforeandworkforlongerhourswithoutfeelingtiring.Allinall,Irecommendthateveryonetriesthissport.Test2[2022·太原五中高三年级模拟考试(一)]EversinceIwaslittle,arthadbeenthemostimportantthinginmylife.Itspeakstome,makesmetofeelspecial,butopensmyeyestoaworldbeyondreality.Itrytoexploreartbymyself.IputmyowncreativelyideasandimaginationdownonpaperasIworkhardtoimprovingmyskills.ThoughIhaven'tbeentoanyarttrainingcenters,I'vebeenlearningfromotherartistandtakingeverychancethatcomesmineway.IhaverealizedthisiswhatIwanttodoforrestofmylife.Anditisthisrealizationwhathasbroughtmetoworkevenhardthaneverbefore.专题五短文改错——先方法·再行文紧握答题万能公式避免规范原则错误句②：was→were句④：become→became句③：closely→close句①：去掉my句⑧：all→both句⑤：stay→staying句⑥：too→so;what→how句⑦：or→and句⑤：unwilling后加to第一讲攻关八类词法类错误技法探究素养提升考点1典例1答案：bicycle→bicycles典例2答案：dish→dishes过关检测1．building→buildings2.friend→friends3.hairs→hair4．Friday's→Friday5.a→an6.the→a7.hour→hours;a→the8.the→a考点2典例1答案：because后加of典例2答案：alot后加from/by过关检测1．visit前加to2.high前面加in/at3.waiting后加for4．去掉lastFriday前面的on5.去掉felloff后的from6．on→in7.Hundred→Hundreds8.eighteen→eighteenth9．fifty→fifties考点3典例1答案：去掉are典例2答案：start→started过关检测1．organize→organized2.go→went3.reduce→reduces4．finish→finished;将was去掉5.held前面加be6．第一个are→is7.第一个don't→doesn't8．ignored前加be考点