计算机专业英语 第3版 课件 朱龙 Chapter1 Hardware Concepts(硬件基础)

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HardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?PCOverview计算机专业英语APCisasmall,relativelyinexpensivecomputerdesignedforanindividualuser.Inprice,personalcomputersrangeanywherefromafewhundreddollarstooverfivethousanddollars.AllarebasedonthemicroprocessortechnologythatenablesmanufacturerstoputanentireCPUononechip.Businessesusepersonalcomputerforwordprocessing,accounting,desktoppublishing,andforrunningspreadsheetanddatabasemanagementapplications.Athome,themostpopularuseforpersonalcomputersisforplayinggamesandcomputer-assistedlearning.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?PCOverview计算机专业英语Personalcomputersfirstappearedinthelate1970s.OneofthefirstandmostpopularpersonalcomputerswastheAppleⅡ,introducedin1977byAppleComputer.Duringthelate1970sandearly1980s,newmodelsandcompetingoperatingsystemsseemedtoappeardaily.Then,in1981,IBMenteredthefray(竞争)withitsfirstpersonalcomputer,knownastheIBMPC.TheIBMPCquicklybecamethepersonalcomputerofchoice,andmostotherpersonalcomputermanufacturersfellbythewayside.OneofthefewcompaniestosurviveIBM’sonslaught(冲击)wasAppleComputer,whichremainsamajorplayerinthepersonalcomputermarketplace.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?PCOverview计算机专业英语OthercompaniesadjustedtoIBM’sdominance(优势)bybuildingIBMclones,computersthatwereinternallyalmostthesameastheIBMPC,butthatcostless.BecauseIBMclonesusedthesamemicroprocessorsasIBMPCs,theywerecapableofrunningthesamesoftware.Overtheyears,IBMhaslostmuchofitsinfluence(影响)indirectingtheevolution(发展)ofPCs.Manyofitsinnovations(创新),suchastheMCA(MicroChannelArchitecture)expansionbusandtheOS/2operatingsystem,havenotbeenacceptedbytheindustryorthemarketplace.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?PCOverview计算机专业英语Today,theworldofpersonalcomputerisbasicallydividedbetweenAppleMacintoshesandPCs.Theprincipal(主要的)characteristics(特征)ofpersonalcomputersarethattheyaresingle-usersystemsandarebasedonmicroprocessors.However,althoughpersonalcomputersaredesignedassingle-usersystems,itiscommontolinkthemtogethertoformanetwork.Intermsofpower,thereisgreatvariety.Atthehighend,thedistinctionbetweenpersonalcomputersandworkstationshasfaded(已褪色的).High-endmodelsoftheMacintoshandPCofferthesamecomputingpowerandgraphicscapabilityaslow-endworkstationbySunMicrosystems,Hewlett-Packard,andDEC.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowDoComputersWork?计算机专业英语Toaccomplishataskusingacomputer,youneedacombinationofhardware,software,andinput.Hardwareconsistsofdevices,likethecomputeritself,themonitor,keyboard,printer,mouse,andspeakers.Insideyourcomputertherearemorebitsofhardware,includingthemotherboard,whereyouwouldfindthemainprocessingchipsthatmakeupthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).Thehardwareprocessesthecommandsitreceivesfromthesoftware,andperformstasksorcalculations.Softwareisthenamegiventotheprogramsthatyouinstallonthecomputertoperformcertaintypesofactivities.Thereisoperatingsystemsoftware,suchastheAppleOSforaMacintosh,orWindows95orWindows98foraPC.Thereisalsoapplicationsoftware,likethegamesweplayorthetoolsweusetocomposelettersordomathproblems.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowDoComputersWork?计算机专业英语Youprovidetheinput.Whenyoutypeacommandorclickonanicon,youaretellingthecomputerwhattodo.Thatiscalledinput.感谢观看Ｔｈhankyouforwatching计算机专业英语练习Exercises计算机专业英语chapterone

HardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?1．MatchtheexplanationsinColumnBwithwordsandexpressionsinColumnA.计算机专业英语搭配下列每组中意义相同的词或短语AB打印机Modem驱动器Printer元件Hardware磁盘Pathname路径名Component硬件Disk调制解调器DriveAB显示Computer故障Writeprotection计算机Mouse键盘Display写保护LAN鼠标Fault局域网KeyboardMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?Choosetheproperwordstofillintheblanks.计算机专业英语选词填空TypesofComputerComputercanbegenerallyclassifiedbysizeandpowerasfollowing,thoughthereisconsiderableoverlapamongthem.A

referstoasmall,single-usercomputerbasedonamicroprocessor,withakeyboardforenteringdata,amonitorfordisplayinginformation,andastoragedeviceforsavingdata.A

isapowerful,single-usercomputer,which,thoughlookinglikeamicrocomputer,hasamorepowerfulmicroprocessorandahigher-qualitymonitor.A

standsasamulti-usercomputercapableofsupportingfromtentohundredsofterminals（终端）oruserssimultaneously（同时地）.A

,synonymouswith“giant”,isthenameforapowerfulmulti-usercomputerwhichsupportshundredsofthousandsofusersatthesametime.A

describesanextremelyfastcomputerthatcanperformhundredsofmillionsofinstructionspersecond.Wordstobechosenfrom:（可选词）supercomputer,minicomputer,mainframe,workstation,personalcomputerMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?3．TranslatethefollowingEnglishphrasesorsentencesintoChinese.计算机专业英语将下面英语词组或句子翻译为中文PersonalComputer.Thisisadisplay.Thedisplayisonthesystemunit.Thatisaprinter.Theprinterisbythedisplayandsystemunit.Thisisadiskdrive.Thediskdriveisinthesystemunit.Thisisakeyboardandthatisamouse.Thekeyboardandmousearebeforethesystemunitanddisplay.Thatisamodem.Themodemisbythesystemunittoo.Theyarebasichardwarecomponentsofapersonalcomputersystem.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?4．Practicalassignment:计算机专业英语实践作业：gotothelocalComputermarkettounderstandthelatestdevelopmentsandquotationsofcomputerhardware.Inparticular,whatbrandsofpurelydomesticcomputersarethere?到当地电脑城了解计算机硬件的最新动态和报价，尤其要看看纯国产的计算机有哪些品牌？感谢观看Ｔｈhankyouforwatching计算机专业英语情境对话SituationDialogue计算机专业英语chapterone

HardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket计算机专业英语逛计算机超市MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?李小姐：电脑城销售员张先生：对计算机不太懂的顾客李小姐：先生，请问有什么可以帮您的吗？张先生：是的，我想买计算机，但我不怎么了解计算机。李小姐：先生，您喜欢品牌机还是兼容机？MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket计算机专业英语逛计算机超市Zhang:Butwhatisabrandmachine?Li:Abrandmachineisonethatisdesignedandassembledbysomefamouscomputercompaniesintheworld.Itistestedwithgreatcareafterbeingassembled.Ithasgoodqualityandhasgoodserviceaftersale.Zhang:Whatkindofbrandsdoyouhave,please?Li:IBM,HP,DELLabroad.Domestically,wehaveLenovo,Founder,TsinghuaTongfang,TCL,Hasee,andthelike.张先生：什么是品牌机？李小姐：由世界上一些著名计算机公司设计、组装的计算机。出厂前已经过严格测试，质量好，售后服务好。张先生：请问有哪些品牌？李小姐：国外的有IBM、惠普、戴尔，国内的有联想、方正、清华同方、TCL、神州等。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket计算机专业英语逛计算机超市Zhang:Whatisacompatiblecomputer,then?Li:AcompatibleisalsocalledDIY(DoItYourself).Itisassembledbytheuser.Itcanbeverycheap.Zhang:OK.I’dliketobuyacompatiblecomputer.Couldyougivemesomesuggestions?Li:Sure,sir!Inmyopinion,Isuggestyoudisposeyourcomputerasfollowings:张先生：那么小姐，请问什么叫兼容机？李小姐：兼容机又称DIY，用户自己组装的，价格便宜。张先生：那我想买一台兼容机，你能给我点建议吗？李小姐：先生，根据经验，我建议您做这样的配置：MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket计算机专业英语逛计算机超市Mainboard:ASUSPRIMEZ590-P.CPU(centralprocessingunit):IntelCorei911900F.Memory:Kingston32GBDDR42133.HardDisk:WDSN8501TBNVMeSSD.VideoCard:ASUSTUF-RTX3090-O24G-GAMING.Monitor:AOC24V2H.Printer:LenovoM1520W.AsforComputerchassisandspeaker,it’suptoyou.主板：华硕PRIMEZ590-P。CPU：英特尔i911900F。内存：金士顿32GBDDR4

2133。硬盘：西部数据SN8501TBNVMeSSD。显卡：华硕TUF-RTX3090-O24G-GAMING。显示器：AOC24V2H。打印机：联想M1520W。机箱和音箱您可以自己任意挑选。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket计算机专业英语逛计算机超市Zhang:Canyouguaranteetheserviceaftersale?Li:Certainly.Zhang:OK.Thankyouverymuch.Li:Youarewelcome.张先生：售后服务有保障吗？李小姐：当然有，请您放心使用。张先生：好的，谢谢。李小姐：不客气。感谢观看Ｔｈhankyouforwatching计算机专业英语对照阅读ReadingandComparing计算机专业英语chapterone

HardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Acomputerisafastandaccuratesymbolmanipulatingsystemthatisorganizedtoaccept,store,andprocessdataandproduceoutputresultsunderthedirectionofastoredprogramofinstructions.Acompletecomputersetisasystemthatbasicallyincludesthefollowingfourkeyparts:theprocessor,thememory,theInputandtheOutput.计算机是一个快速和精确的符号处理系统，它被组织成能在所存储程序指令的作用下接受、存储和处理数据并产生输出结果。一个完整的计算机系统基本上包括以下4个部分：处理器、存储器、输入部分和输出部分。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Theprocessoristhe“brain”ofthecomputerthathastheabilitytocarryoutourinstructionsorprogramsgiventothecomputer.Theprocessoristhepartthatknowshowtoaddandsubtractandtocarryoutsimplelogicaloperations.InabigmainframecomputertheprocessoriscalledaCentralProcessingUnit,orCPU,whileinamicrocomputer,itisusuallyknownasamicroprocessor.处理器是计算机的“大脑”，它具有执行用户提交给系统的指令或程序的能力。处理器是实现加法和减法运算以及执行简单逻辑运算的部件。在大型计算机系统中，处理器被称作中央处理单元，或CPU，而在微型计算机系统中，通常叫作微处理器。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Thememoryisthecomputer’sworkareaandnothinglikeourownmemory,sothetermcanbemisleading.Thecomputer’smemoryiswhereallactivitiestakeplace.Thesizeofacomputer’smemorysetsapracticallimitonthekindsofworkthatthecomputercanundertake.存储器是计算机的工作区，但它完全不像我们的记忆系统，这个术语可能会引起误解。计算机的存储器是所有活动发生的场所。计算机存储器的容量限制了计算机能承担的工作种类。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统I/Oareallthemeansthatthecomputerusestotakeinorputoutdata.Itincludesinputthatwetypeinonthekeyboardandoutputthatthecomputershowsonthevideodisplayscreenorprintsontheprinter.Everytimethecomputeristakinginorputtingoutdata,it’sdoingI/OusingI/Odevices,whichisalsocalledperipheraldevices.I/O是计算机用来获取数据或输出信息的所有手段。它包括我们借助于键盘的输入和通过显示器或打印机的输出。每次计算机输入或输出数据，都得通过也被称作外围设备的I/O设备实现I/O操作。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Mostoftheinputdevicesworkinsimilarways.ThemessagesorsignalsreceivedareencodedintopatternswhichCPUcanprocessbyinputdevices,then,conveyedtoCPU.InputdevicescannotonlydeliverinformationtoCPUbutalsoactivateordeactivateprocessingjustaslightswitchesturnlampsonoroff.大部分输入设备以相似的工作方式工作。输入设备把接收到的信息和信号进行加工，使之变成CPU能处理的编码，然后传送给CPU。输入设备不仅能给CPU输送信息，而且也能像开关控制电灯那样激活或终止处理过程。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems计算机专业英语计算机系统Outputdevicesalsoplayimportantrolesinacomputersystem.Theycantelltheprocessingresultsandwarnuserswheretheirprogramsoroperationsarewrong.Themostcommonoutputdevicesaremonitor,matrixprinter,inkjetprinter,laserprinter,plotterfordrawing,speaker,etc.Theyalsoworkinsimilarways.TheydecodethecodedsymbolsproducedbyCPUintoformsofinformationthatusersunderstandoruseeasilyandshowthem.输出设备在计算机系统中也扮演着重要的角色，它们能告诉用户处理的结果，警告用户程序或操作在哪里出错了。最常见的输出设备有显示器、点阵打印机、喷墨打印机、激光打印机、绘图仪和扩音器等。它们也以相似的方式工作：把CPU产生的编码形式的信号解码，变成人们易懂和易用的形式并显示出来。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether计算机专业英语它们如何协同工作Firstly,youprovideinputwhenyouturnonthecomputer.ThenthesystemsoftwaretellstheCPUtostartupcertainprogramsandtoturnonsomehardwaredevicessothattheyarereadyformoreinputfromyou.Thiswholeprocessiscalledbootingup.首先，开机就是提供一个输入信号。然后，系统软件会告诉CPU去运行某个程序并启动一些硬件，以使系统准备接收用户输入的信息。这整个过程称为系统引导。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether计算机专业英语它们如何协同工作Thenextstephappenswhenyouchooseaprogramyouwanttouse.Youclickontheiconorenteracommandtostarttheprogram.Let’susetheexampleofanInternetbrowser.Oncetheprogramhasstarted,itisreadyforyourinstructions.Youeitherenteranaddress(calledaURL,whichstandsforUniformResourceLocator),orclickonanaddressyou’vesavedalready.Ineithercase,thecomputernowknowswhatyouwantittodo.接下来的一步是选择想要运行的程序，单击应用程序的图标或输入一个命令都可启动程序。以浏览器为例，一旦程序启动，就可以接受指令了。你既可以输入一个地址（即URL，统一资源定位），也可单击收藏夹里的网址。不论哪一种，计算机都知道你让它做什么了。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether计算机专业英语它们如何协同工作Thebrowsersoftw