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英语常见的前缀和后缀一、常用前缀1、aero-:concerningtheairoraircraftplane(飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)space(空间,间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)aerogramaerometeraeromedicine2、anti-:against;oppositeofnuclear([核]核子的)—antinuclear(反对使用核武器的)matter(物质)—antimatter(反物质)war(战争、作战、打仗)—antiwar(反战的,反对战争的)antiageingantifatantigasantinoise3、auto-:oforbyoneselfbiography(传记)—autobiography(自传)criticism(批评,批判)—autocriticism(自我反省,自我检讨)autoalarmautosuggestion4、be-:totreatasthestatedthingfriend(朋友,助手)—befriend(待人如友,帮助)little(很少的,矮小的,很少)—belittle(轻视,使渺小,使...显得渺小)becalmbepowderbesidebemoan5、bi-:two;twice;doublelingual(语言的)—bilingual(能说两种语言的)cycle(自行车)—bicycle(脚踏车,自行车)biweeklybipolarbilateralbisexual6、bio-:concerninglivingthingschemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)sphere(球体,范围)—biosphere(生物圈)7、by-,bye-:lessimportantproduct(产品,产物,)—by-product(副产品,附加产物)way(路,道路)—byway(小道,次要领域)by-effectby-businessbytime8、centi-:hundredthpartofaunitgrade(等级)—centigrade(百分度的,摄氏温度的)meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)9、co-:together,withauthor(作家,创造者)—coauthor(合著者,共同执笔者,合著)exist(存在,生存)—coexist(共存)coagentco-workercooperation10、col-:(usedbeforeL)together,withlocation(位置,场所)—collocation(排列,配置)collaborate合作collingual用同一种语言的11、com-:(usedbeforeb,m,p)together,withpassion(激情,热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)battle(战役)-combat(战斗)combinecompresscompatriot12、con-:together,withcentric(中心的,中央的)—concentric(同中心的)federation(同盟,联邦,联合,联盟)—confederation(联邦)concludeconfirmconjoincontribute13、contra-:oppositediction(措辞,用语,言语)—contradiction(反驳,矛盾)natural(自然的,自然界的)—contranatural(违背自然的)contra-missilecontraclockwise14、cor-:(usedbeforer)together,withrelate(叙述,讲,使联系,发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和...相关)respond(回答,响应,作出反应,有反应)—correspond(符合,协调,通信,相当,相应)correctcorruptcorrival15、counter-:oppositeact(担当,表现,见效)—counteract(抵消,中和,阻碍)attack(攻击)—counterattack(反引力)counter—terroristcountereffect16、cross-:across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthemcountry(乡下的,乡村的)—crosscountry(越野地,横过田野的)breed((使)繁殖,教养,抚养,品种,种类)—crossbreed([生物]杂种,异种交配,培育杂种,(使)杂交)17、de-:showinganopposite;toremove;toreducecode(代码,密码)—decode(解码,译解)value(评价,重视)—devalue((=devaluate)减值,贬值)declineincreasedecrease18、dis-:not;theoppositeofadvantage(优势,有利条件)—disadvantage(不利,不利条件,缺点,劣势)agree(同意)—disagree(不一致,不适宜)honest(诚实的,正直的)—dishonest(不诚实的)disorderdiscouragedispartdistract19、em-:(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecomebody(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达,使具体化)power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与,使能够)embedembarembowembitter20、en-:tocausetobecome;tomakedanger(威胁)—endanger(危及)large(大的,巨大的)—enlarge(扩大,放大)enrichencloseenableenact21、ex-:former(andstillliving)minister(部长,大臣)—ex-minister(前部长)wife(妻子)—ex-wife(前妻)exportexposeexpelexaggerate22、extra-:outside;beyondcurricular(课程的)—extracurricular(课外的,业余的)ordinary(平常的,普通的,平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的,特别的,非凡的)extraboldextragovernmental23、fore-:inadvance,before;inoratthefrontarm(臂,武器,装备)—forearm(前臂,准备战斗,预先武装,准备)warn(警告)—forewarn(预先警告)foreheadforeword24、il-:(usedbeforel)notlegal(法律的,合法)—illegal(违法的,不合规定的)literate(学者,有文化的,有阅读和写作能力的)—illiterate(违法的,不合规定的)illogicalillustrateilluminate25、im-:(usedbeforeb,m,p)notmoral(道德(上)的,精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的,邪恶的,放荡的,淫荡的)possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)impoliteimportimmergeimpulse26、in-:notdirect(径直的,直接的)—indirect(间接的,迂回的)sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的)—insensitive(对...没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的)informalintakeinspiritinvigorate27、infra-:belowinarange;beyondred(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线)structure(结构,构造)—infrastructure(下部构造,基础下部组织)infrahumaninfrasonic28、inter-:between;amongchange(改变,变化)—interchange((指两人等)交换,相互交换)national(国家的,民族的)—international(国际的,世界的,国际性组织,国际比赛)interactinpersonalinterview29、intra-:inside,within;intocity(城市,都市)—intracity(市内的)department(部,局,处,科,部门,系,学部)—intra-department(内部)intradayintrapersonalintra-trading30、ir-:(usedbeforer)notregular(规则的,有秩序的)—irregular(不规则的,无规律的)responsible(有责任的,可靠的)—irresponsible(不负责任的,不可靠的)irresistibleirrelativeirruption31、kilo-:thousandgram(克,)—kilogram([物]千克,公斤)meter(米)—kilometer(公里)kilowattkilocaloriekilovolt32、macro-:large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherthanparticularpartsofeconomics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)structure(结构)—macrostructure(宏观结构)macrochangemaroscale33、mal-:badorbadlyfunction(官能,功能,作用)—malfunction(故障)treat(宴请,款待)—maltreat(虐待,滥用)malnutritionmalformation34、micro-:extremelysmallcomputer(计算机,电脑)—microcomputer(微机)electronics(电子学)—microelectronics([电子]微电子学)microscopemircowave35、mid-:middleday(天,白天)—midday(正午)night(夜,夜晚)—midnight(午夜)36、mini-:small;shortbus(公共汽车)—minibus(小型公共汽车)skirt(裙子)—miniskirt(迷你短裙,超短裙)miniparkministate37、mis-:badorbadly;wrongorwronglyfortune(运气,好运)—misfortune(不幸,灾祸)understand(懂,了解)—misunderstand(误解,误会)misreadmisusemistreat38、mono-:one;singleplane(飞机)—monoplane(单翼机)tone(音调,语调)—monotone(单调的,单调)monolingualmonocycle39、multi-:morethanone;manypurpose(目的,意图)—multipurpose(多种用途的,多目标的)national(国家的,国立[有]的,民族的)—multinational(多民族的,)media(媒体)—multimedia(多媒体;多媒体的)multipartymultilateral40、non-:notresident居住—nonresident(不居住的)sense理性,认识—nonsense(胡说,废话)nonstopnoneffectivenonsomker41、out-:outside;beyondlive(活的,生动的)—outlive(比...长命,比...耐久)door(门,通道,家,户)—outdoor(室外的,户外的,野外的)outcomeoutletoutfit42、over-:toomuch;above;additionalhead(头,头的,主要的)—overhead(在头上的,在头顶上,在空中,在高处)time(时间,时侯,时机,)—overtime(超时,加班,延长时间,超时的,加班的,加班地,使超时)overuseoverflyoverseaoverlook43、poly-:manycentric(中心的,中央的)—polycentric(多中心的)syllabic([语]音节主音,音节的)—polysyllabic(多音节的)polyfunctionalpolytechnical44、post-:laterthan;aftergraduate((大学)毕业生,研究生,(使)(大学)毕业)—postgraduate(研究所学生,研究生,毕业后的)war(战争,作战,打仗)—postwar(战后的)postponepostdatepost-liberation45、pre-:before;inadvancepay(薪水,工资,支付)—prepay(预付)war(战争,作战,打仗)—prewar(战前的,在战前)prefixprecoolprecookprepay46、pro-:infavorof,supportingAmerica(<美>美国,美洲(包括北美和南美洲))—pro-America(亲美)Abortion(流产,堕胎,失败,夭折,中止,早产)—pro-abortion(支持堕胎的)47、pseudo-:notreal;falsename(姓名)—pseudonym(假名,笔名)science(科学,自然科学)—pseudoscience(假科学,伪科学)psudo-democraticpsudograph48、re-:again;backtotheformerstateunite(联合,团结)—reunite((使)再结合)use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)returnrebackreviewrebornrevivalsurvival49、self-:bymeansofoneselforitself;of,to,with,for,orinoneselforitselfemployed(雇用,用,使用)—self-employed(自己经营的,个体经营的,自雇的)taught(teach的过去式和过去分词)—self-taught(自学的,自修的,无师自通)selfesteemselfconfidence50、semi-:half;partlycircle(圆周,圆形物)—semicircle(半圆形)final(决赛)—semifinal(半决赛)conductor(<电>导体,售票员,<乐队>指挥,导管)—semiconductor(<物>半导体)51、step-:notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarriedmother(母亲,妈妈)—stepmother(继母)children(孩子,孩子们)—stepchildren(继子)52、sub-:under,below;lessimortant;partofthestatedbiggerwholedivide(分,划分,分开,隔开)—subdivide(再分,细分)section(部分)—subsection(分部,分段)subwaysubmarinesubadult53、super-:more,larger,greaterthanusualmarket(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)natural(自然的,自然界的,普通的,正常的)—supernatural(超自然的,神奇的,超自然物,不可思议的事)supersizedsupervisesuperheat54、tele-:atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevisioncommunication(通讯,通信,交流,传达)—telecommunication(电信)screen(屏,银幕)—telescreen(电视屏幕,荧光屏)telegramtelescopetelevision55、therm(o)-:concerningheatchemistry(化学)—thermochemistry(热化学)meter(计,表)—thermometer(温度计,体温计)56、trans-:across,onortotheothersideof;betweenAtlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)plant(种植,栽培,培养)—transplant(移植,移种)transmittransporttransformer57、tri-:three;threetimesangular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)cycle(自行车)—tricycle(三轮车,机器三轮车)tripletstripledouble58、ultra-:beyond;very,extremelymodern(近代的,现代的)—ultramodern(超现代化的)sound(声音,语音)—ultrasound(超频率音响)ultracoldultrafastultrafine59、un-:notcertain(确定的,必然的,可靠的)—uncertain(无常的,不确定的,不可预测的,靠不住的)fortunate(幸运的,幸福的)—unfortunate(不幸的,使人遗憾的)unconditionalunjustuncivilized60、under-:toolittle;belowdevelop(发展,显影)—underdevelop((使)发展不完全,(使)显影不足)sea(海洋,大浪)—undersea(海面下的)underlineunderworldunderestimate61、uni-:one;singleform(形态,构成)—uniform(统一的,相同的)directional(方向的)—unidirectional(单向的,单向性的)62、vice-:nextintherank;belowchairman(主席,会长)—vice-chairman(副主席,副议长)president(总统,会长,行长)—vice-president(副总督,副省长)vice-managervice-principal二、常用后缀(1)名词后缀1、-ability,-ibilityable(能...的,有才能的,能干的,能够的)—ability(能力,才干)flexible(有弹性的,柔韧的)—flexibility(弹性,适应性,机动性,挠性)inflammabilityadaptability2、-agepost(邮政/邮寄)—postage(邮费/邮资)short(缺乏/短缺的/简短地)—shortage(不足/缺点)3、-alarrive(到达,抵达)—arrival(到来,到达,到达者)refuse(拒绝,谢绝)—refusal(拒绝,推却)personalglobalapprovalrevival4、-an,-ian,-arianlibrary(图书馆,藏书室)—librarian(图书馆员,图书管理员)music(音乐,乐曲)—musician(音乐家)urbanpublicanrepublican5、-ance,-enceappear(出现,公开露面)—appearance(出现,露面,外貌,外观)refer(提交,谈及,提到,涉及,查阅,咨询)—reference(提及,涉及,参考,参考书目,证明书(人),介绍信(人))guidanceresistancereliance6、-ancy,-encyemerge(显现,浮现,(事实)显现出来)—emergency(紧急情况,突然事件,非常时刻,紧急事件)expect(期待,预期)—expectancy(期待,期望)occupancyelegancyconstancy7、-ant,-entapply(申请)—applicant(申请者,请求者)correspond(通信)—correspondent(通讯记者,通信者)ignorantassistantaccsantexcitant8、-cyaccurate(正确的,精确的)—accuracy(精确性,正确度)private(私人的,私有的,私营的,秘密的)—privacy(独处而不受干扰,秘密)vacancybankruptcy9、-domking(国王,君主,(部落的)首领,纸牌中的K,立...为王,做国王,统治)—kingdom(王国,[宗]天国,上帝的统治,领域)free(自由的,免费的,免税的,免费)—freedom(自由,自主,直率,特权)wisdomsportsdomfilmdom10、-eeemploy(雇用,用)—employee(职工,雇员,店员)interview(接见,会见)—interviewee(被接见者,被访问者)traineedeporteeawardee11、-er,-or,-arpaint(油漆,颜料)—painter(画家,油漆匠)beg(请求,乞求)—beggar(乞丐)bankerheaterwhisperharder12、-erybrave(勇敢的)—bravery(勇敢)slave(奴隶)—slavery(奴隶身分,奴隶制度)bakeryrobberybriberyfishery13、-eseChina(中国)—Chinese(中国的,)Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的)14、-essactor(男演员)—actress(女演员)waiter(侍者,服务员)—waitress(女服务生)hostessheiressmurderess15、-fulhand(帮助;掌管;传递;支持)—handful(少量的;棘手的)spoon(匙状物,用汤匙舀取)—spoonful(一匙,一匙的量)16、-hoodchild(孩子,儿女)—childhood(孩童时期)man(男人)—manbood(成年男子)adulthoodcubhood17、-icselectron(电子)—electronics(电子器件)linguist(语言学家)—linguistics(语言学)electronicspoliticseconomics18、-ion,-ition,-ationcollect(收集,募集)—collection(收集,收藏品,募捐)observe(观察,研究,遵守,注意)—observation(观察,观察力)19、-ismMarx(马克思)—Marxism(马克思主义)socialist(社会主义者)—socialism(社会主义)criticismjournalismidealism20、-istpsychiatry(精神病学)—psychiatrist(精神病医师)violin(小提琴)—violinist(小提琴演奏者)socialistchemistdentist21、-ity,-tycruel(残酷的,悲惨的)—cruelty(残忍,残酷)pure(纯的,纯粹的)—purity(纯净,纯洁,纯度)specialityhumanitypopularity22、-mentmove(移动,迁居)—movement(运动,动作)retire(退休,引退,退却)—retirement(退休,引退)amusementbasementdepartment23、-nessdark(黑暗,夜)—darkness(黑暗,漆黑)happy(快乐的,幸福的)—happiness(幸福,快乐)weaknessbitternesswillingness24、-ologyclimate(气候,风土)—climatology(气候学,风土学)future(未来,将来)—futurology(未来学)25、-shipfriend(朋友,助手)—friendship(友谊,友好)scholar(学者)—scholarship(奖学金,学问,学识)relationshiphuntsmanship26、-sion,-ssiondecide(决定,判决)—decision(决定,决心)expand(使膨胀,扩张)—expansion(扩充,开展)collisionsuspensionconversion27、-thgrow(生长,成长)—growth(生长,种植)wide(宽的,广阔的)—width(宽度)warmthdepthstrength28、-ureclose(关,关闭)—closure(关闭,使终止)expose(使暴露,受到,使曝光,揭露)—exposure(暴露,揭露,暴光,揭发)pressurecreaturedeparture(2)动词后缀29、-endeep(深的,纵深的)—deepen(加深,深化)fast(紧的,牢的)—fasten(扎牢,扣住)strengthensharpensoften30、-ifyclass(班级,阶级)—classify(分类,分等)simple(简单的,简易的)—simplify(单一化,简单化)satisfyintensifypurify31、-ize,-isemodern(现代人)—modernise/modernize(<主英>=modernize)popular(通俗的,流行的,受欢迎的)—popularise/popularize(<主英>=popularize)normalizeindustrializeorganize32、-atemot(动)—motivate(给动机,刺激)cult(教育)—cultivate(使受教育)(3)形容词后缀33、-able,-iblequestion(疑问)—questionable(可疑的)fashionablechangeable34、-alnature(自然)—natural(自然的)structure(结构,构造)—structural(结构的,建筑的)emotionalregionalexceptional35、-an,-arian,-iansuburb(市郊,郊区)—suburban(郊外的,偏远的)Canada(加拿大)—Canadian(加拿大的,加拿大人)republicanEuropean36、-ant,-entdiffer(不一致,不同)—different(不同的)please(满足的,使满足)—pleasant(令人愉快的,舒适的)resistantignorantabundant37、-ary,-oryadvise(劝告,忠告,警告)—advisory(顾问的,咨询的,劝告的)custom(习惯,风俗)—customary(习惯的,惯例的)secondaryelementary38、-ateconsider(考虑,照顾)—considerate(考虑周到的)fortune(运气,好运)—fortunate(幸运的,幸福的)privatedeterminate39、-engold(黄金,金币)—golden(金色的,金黄色的)wood(木材)—wooden(木制的)woolenoaken40、-eseChina(中国)—Chinese(中国的,中国人的)Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的,日本人的)vietnameseportugese41、-freecare(烦恼,忧虑)—carefree(无忧无虑的,轻松愉快的)duty(义务,责任,职责,职务,税)—duty-free(自由的,大方的,免费的,免税的,免费)sugar-freefat-free42、-fulcare(注意,照料)

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