专题 定语从句-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019必修第一册）

专题05定语从句1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.Hewenttoschoolyesterday.3.Hemetafriendonthewaytoschool.4.Hegavemeaninterestingbook.句子成分判断下列动词是vt.orvi.see,teach,work,get,buy,live,build,give,experience,come,say,tell,spend,catch句子分类1.Iwillgotoschooltonight.2.HegavemeabookandIwillreadittonight.3.Iwillgotoschoolwhenyoucomebacktonight.确定从句类型Hesaidhellotous.Hesaidthathewastired.Thestoryistrue.Whathesaidatthemeetingistrue.Thisisthenews.Thisiswhathesaidatthemeeting.Iwillleaveintheevening.Iwillleavewhenyoucomebacktonight.Hegavemeaninterestingbook.Hegavemeabookwhichisusefulforstudy连接词在句中起什么作用？1.Sheisthegirl______livesnextdoor.2.Thework_____hasjustbeenfinishedisveryimportant.3.Thatisthebook______Iwanttoread.4.That’sthegirl______Iteach.5.Thisisthescientist________achievementsarewellknown.6.Thisisthehouse_________windowbrokelastnight.7.Istillremembertheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.8.Canyoutellmetheoffice________heworks?9.Doyouknowthereason______heisabsent?结论：连接词代表先行词在从句中充当一个成分代人作宾语———（who/whom/that）代人作主语———who/that代物作主语———which/that代物作宾语———（which/that）代人的/物的作定语———whose(ofwhom/which)代其作时间状语——when代其作地点状语——where代其原因作状语——whyas的用法as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：1.Wehavefoundsuchmatericals___areusedintheirfactory.such（代词）+as像.......一样的，像......之类的thesame+名词+as...和.......同样的as可以指人/物，可做主语/宾语such+名词+as...像......一样的，像.......之类的2.Thisbookisnotsuch____Iexpect.3.Ihavethesamebook____hehas.such...as与such...that的区别1.Theyhassuchafiercedog____Ihaveneverseen.2.Theyhassuchafiercedog_____noonedaretogoneartheirhouse.thesame...as与thesame...that的区别1.Iboughtthesamebook_____youbought.2.Imetthesameperson_______Isawyesterday.比较Thisisthereason______hewaslate.Thisisthereason_____hegavefornotcoming.Thisisthefactory______Ivisitedyesterday.Thisisthefactory_____makesTVsets.Thisisthefactory______TVsetsaremade.结论：成分决定关联词限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1.Heistheteacher_____everybodylikes.2.Mr.Green,_______everybodylikes,iscomingtomorrow.3.Ilikethebook_____yougavemeyesterday.4.Heleftmeabook,_____isveryusefulforme.5.Hewasoftenlate,_______madehisteacherveryangry.6.____yousee,theChinesepeoplearehard-working.限制性定语从句/非限制性定语从句限定性 非限定性1.关系紧密（无逗号） 关系松散（有逗号）2.多译为一句 可译为一句或两句3.连接词that可省可代 不可省不可代4.一般只修饰名词或代词 有时可修饰整个句子As和which引导非限制性定语从句的异同1.____yousee,theChinesepeoplearehard-working.2._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearth.3.Sheisverypatient,_____isshowninherwork.4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_______wasmorethanwecouldexpected.5.Thebook,_____Iboughtyesterday,isveryinstructive.

aswhich位置翻译时的区别先行词总结：共同点：

都可以代表整个句子不同点：位置灵活只能主句之后“正如”这一点，这件事as从句的先行词只能是句子可以是一个名词关系代词that与which的区别在限制性定语从句中，用关系代词that不用which的情况：1.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?1.先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,some等时2.Youcantakeanybookthatyoulike.3.Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.4.ThistrainisthefirstthatwillgotoBeijing2.当先行词被不定代词（any,every,no,all,few,little,much等）、序数词或形容词最高级修饰时3.先行词被theonly,thevery,theright，thelast等修饰时3.ThisistheverybusthatIamwaitingfor.4.当先行词既有人又有物时5.当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时4.Doyouknowthepersonsandthingsthattheyaretalkingabout?5.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?6.Theysecretlybuildupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.6.有两个定语从句，其中有一个关系代词用which，另一个宜用that7.Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.7.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时8.Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.8.主句是therebe句型且关系词在从句中作主语时1.在非限制性定语从句中2.当动词动词短语中介词提前时3.连接词后面有插入语时4.先行词本身就是that时1.Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedme.2.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.3.HereistheEnglishgrammerbookwhich,Ithink,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.4.what'tthatwhichflashedtroughtheskyjustnow?只用which不用that的情况Edisonmadealotofinvetions,whichIthink_____(be)areofgreatimportance.关系副词的用法（1）当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at，on，during等）+which；where=表地点带的介词（如：in，on，at，under等）+which；why=forwhichIstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(when=onwhich)Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)(表示抽象的地点名词case，scene,situation,condition,race,life,point等作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句）Doyouknowthereasonwhyheisabsent?(why=forwhich)(2)关系副词when，where可用于非限制性定语从句，而关系副词why不可以。介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，关系代词常用which（指物），whom（指人），即介词+which/whom1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词which/whom不能省略。Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturn.2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词谓语定语从句末尾时，可用that/which（指物），that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语，而且介词宾语的关系词可以省略。Thisistheherothat/who/whomweareproudof.Thisisthepenthat/whichIwrotetheletterwith.Attention：有些动词+介词的固定搭配不能把介词提到关系代词之前。常见的不可拆开的动词词组有：Carefor喜欢，关心dealwith处理，对付getthrough通过，接通电话seeto照管，料理Hearfrom/of收到某人的来信/听说lookfor/after寻找/照顾sendfor派人去请1.复合介词短语+关系代词which引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.4.名词/代词+介词+关系代词结构此类结构常见的有：some/several/afew/alittle/manymore/mostofwhich/whom等形式Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthinkaredifficultforyou.介词+关系代词中介词的确定1.根据先行词的某种习惯来确定I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmuchildhoodinthecountry.2.根据定语从句中的动词的某种习惯来确定Iboughtagreatmanybook,onwhichIspentallmoneythatIsaved.3.根据所表达的意思来确定Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.25由Who引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom选择题264.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语介词提前时只能用whom277.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引导的定语从句,在句中做定语2810、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which13、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when由Which引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语介词提前时只能用whichthat2914.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用that引导3016.It’sthemostboringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose17.Thisisthefirstcar___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that

先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导3118.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose19.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly.A.whichB.whoC.that20.Pleasetakeanyseat___isfree.A.whichB.thatC.inwhich先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修饰时只能用that引导3221.Thatistheverybook___Iwaslookingfor.A.whoB.thatC.which22.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything___heowns.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时只能用that引导3323.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导3424.Whoistheworker___too