2023年河北省石家庄市裕华区考研《英语一》考前冲刺预测试卷含解析

2023年河北省石家庄市裕华区考研《英语一》考前冲刺预测试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Hewasdrivinghomeonecoldeveningonacountryroadwhenhesawanoldlady,strandedonthesideoftheroad.Hestoppedtogivehera____.“Whydon'tyouwaitinthecarwhereitiswarm,Madam?Itwon'ttakemelong.”Hesaid,“____，mynameisJoe.”Shehadaflattire.Joecrawledunderthecarandchangedthetire.Buthegotdirtyandhishandshurt.Shecouldn'tthankhim____andaskedhimhowmuchshe____him.Hetoldherthatifshereallywantedto____himback,thenexttimeshesawsomeonein____ofhelp,shecouldgivethatpersonthe____heneeded,andJoeadded,“Andthinkofme.”Shedroveoffwithgratefulness.Afewmiles____theroadtheladysawasmall____.Shewentin.Thewaitresswhowasnearlyeightmonthspregnant,____herwithasweetsmile.Theoldlady____howsomeonelikeherwhoseemedsopoorcouldbesogenuinelyhappyandhowshecould____herenthusiasminherworkinsuchinconvenientconditions.ThenJoe'swords____her.Aftertheladyfinishedhermeal,thewaitresswenttogether____fromahundred­dollarbill.____，theladysteppedrightoutofthedoor.Whenthewaitresscameback,shenoticedanoteonthetable,____“I'mhelpingyoubecausesomeoneoncehelpedme.Ifyoureallywanttopaymeback,hereis____youcando—Donotletthechainoflove____withyou.”Thewaitresswenthomethatnightwiththe____tipandwhattheladyhadwritten.Withthebaby____nextmonth,sheandherhusbandneededmoney.Sheknewhowworriedherhusbandwasandashelaysleepingnexttoher,shewhispered,“Everything'sgoingtobeallright.Iloveyou,Joe.”1、A．surprise B．hand C．sympathy D．glance2、A．Justincase B．Asyouwish C．Foronething D．Bytheway3、A．enough B．right C．straight D．extra4、A．charged B．provided C．owed D．offered5、A．pay B．bring C．put D．hold6、A．honor B．favor C．need D．possession7、A．guidance B．assistance C．acquaintance D．consequence8、A．down B．off C．beside D．beyond9、A．bank B．grocery C．gasstation D．restaurant10、A．introduced B．greeted C．identified D．spotted11、A．thought B．suspected C．wondered D．questioned12、A．taste B．measure C．remain D．maintain13、A．struck B．moved C．obtained D．reminded14、A．tip B．change C．order D．service15、A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．However D．Eventually16、A．writing B．showing C．going D．saying17、A．how B．which C．what D．whether18、A．combine B．end C．disagree D．deal19、A．honest B．generous C．modest D．graceful20、A．due B．ready C．born D．likelySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Visuallanguageisaformofcommunicationthatusesvisualelements(元素)asopposedtoformalwrittenlanguagetoconveymeaningoranidea,Graphicacy,theabilitytocommunicatevisually,isconsideredasimportantasliteracyandnumeracy,theabilitiestoreadandcount.Somepeoplearevisualthinkers,usingthatpartofthebrainthatisemotionalandcreativetoprocessandgivemeaningtoinformation.Visualcommunicationcanfindexpressioninpaintings,drawings,symbols,orsimplylinesandshapesarrangedforaspecificeffect.Artisanexampleofvisuallanguage.Apaintingorsculpturecanconveyideasorarousespecifickindsofemotionalresponses.Itmayalsoexpressideasabouthistoricalevents,abstractconcepts,orsimplybeaboutthewaycertainshapesorforms“work”togetherorcreateacertaineffectonthemind.Someresearchersbelievethatdifferentpartsofthebrainrespondinuniquewaystocolorsandshapes.Pictograms(象形文字)andideograms(表意文字)aretypesofvisuallanguage.Pictogramsarepicturesthataresimilartowhattheyrepresent.Theyarestillusedtodaytocommunicateinformation.Manypeoplearoundtheworldarefamiliarwiththepictogramsindicatingsuchthingsasairports,publicfacilities,andnon-smokingareasindicatedbyacigaretteinacirclewithalineacrossit.Ideogramsarepicturesthatrepresentideasandcanoftenbeunderstoodwithouttheaidofwrittenlanguage.SomescholarstrackmodernalphabetstopicturesLettersareactuallyancientpictures,andwordsareaseriesofpictures.Modernalphabetlettersarenotonlyphonetic(语音的)symbolsbutarebasedonancientreligiousimagesandsymbols.Musivisualcommunicationisalsoapartofvisuallanguage.Thetermreferstomusiccreatedspecificallytoimprovethevisualexperienceoffilm.Itcorrespondstotheimagesbeingseenonthescreen,andthemusicmayarouseasenseofterror,fear,orotheremotions.Mostmoviegoersunderstandthelanguageofmusicalcluesshowingthatsomethingdramaticorimportantisabouttohappen.1、Whatisvisuallanguageaccordingtothetext?A．Anideaconveyedbyartists.B．Anabilitytoreadandcount.C．Asystemusedtoarouseemotions.D．Awayofprocessingandexpressinginformation.2、Whatmaybetheoriginofthemodernalphabetletters?A．Publicfacilities. B．Imaginarylines.C．Religiousimages. D．Livingconditions.3、Whatcanwelearnaboutthemusicofafilmfromthelastparagraph?A．Itcanhelppredicttheplot.B．Avisualthinkercanmakeitbetter.C．Itoftenchangeswithouttheaudience’snotice,D．Itmakesthefilmmoreemotionalandcomplex.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．HowdoesVisualLanguageAffectLife?B．HowcanWeLearnVisualLanguage?C．WhatIstheOriginofLanguage?D．WhatIsVisualLanguage?Text2AccordingtonewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals,whoaresocialandhavelargebrains,werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother,aswellasfamiliarhumans.However,theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy,theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSociety:OpenScience,showthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces,includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially,thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later,theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle,thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligent,individualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers,”saidProfessorJennyMorton,wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface-recognitionabilities,comparablewiththoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings,andsomedisordersofthebrain,includingHuntington’sdisease,affectthisability.“Sheeparelong-livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain,suchasHuntington’sdisease,thatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitiveabilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange,”Mortonsaid.1、Accordingtothenewresearch,what’sunusualaboutsheep?A．Theyhavelargebrains.B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.2、Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?A．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.B．Bygivingfoodrewards.C．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.D．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Sheephaveahigherface-recognitionabilitythanmonkeys.B．Thesheep’sface-recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.C．Thenewdiscoveryisbeneficialtothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.D．Thesheep’sface-recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.4、What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ANewdiscoveryaboutSheep.B．HowSheepRecognizeEachOther.C．AWonderfulScientist.D．TheLifeofSheep.Text3WhenPaulaGrzelak-Schultzspottedapieceofpapertuckedunderwindshield(挡风玻璃)wipers,shethoughtshewasgettingfinedforleavinghercarinabarparkinglotovernight.Withaheavysigh,Grzelak-Schultzremovedthepaperandunlockedhercar.Hardlyhadsheunfoldedthepaperwhenshegotshocked.ItwasaletterfromthemanagerofOriginalJoe’sRestaurant&BarinSherwoodPark,Canada.“Justwantedtothankyouforleavingyourcarparkedovernight,”JayMcLean,managingpartneratOriginalJoe’s,wrote.“I’mnotsureifyouhadconsumedalcoholatourrestaurantornot,butwewantedtothankyoufornotdrinkinganddriving.”Insideit,,Grzelak-Schultzalsofoundavoucher(代金券)for1poundofchickenwings.“Pleaseacceptthisasathankyouforbeingresponsible,”McLeanwrote.“Lifeisvaluable,haveagreatweekend.”Grzelak-Schultzwastouched.“Iwassureitwasgoingtobeaticketorascoldingfromsomeoneforleavingmyvehiclethereforsolong,”Grzelak-SchultztoldCBSNews.“Iwastrulysurprisedandsopleasedthatthemanagertookthetimetoacknowledgemygoodjudgment.”Shedecidedtosharetheman’sgooddeedonFacebook.“Wow!I’msoimpressed.Definitelygoingback,”Grzelak-SchultzwroteinaFacebookpostonTuesdaythathassincegonewidespreadwithnearly8,500shares.“Notjustbecauseofthevoucher,butalsobecauseofhowwellthisguytreatshisregularcustomers.”Exactlyaweeklater,Grzelak-SchultzreturnedtotherestauranttothankMcLeanforhiskindnessanddiscoveredthatshe’snottheonlycustomertoreceivethisletter.“He’sbeendoingitforoverayear,withnoexpectations.”Sheexplained.“Justbeingagoodguy.”1、98．Atfirstsightofthepaper,Paulthoughtitwas.A．aticketB．avoucherC．aletterD．athank-youcard2、100．WhattrulysurprisedGrzelak-Schultz?A．Shewasnotfinedbythepolice.B．Shewasnotscoldedforparking.C．Shewasconsideredasresponsible.D．Shegotavoucherforchickenwings.3、102．WhatcanwelearnaboutJayMclean?A．Hesimplymeanttobegood.B．Hehopedtoattractmorecustomers.C．HewantedtobepopularontheInternet.D．Heintendedtopleaseregularcustomers.4、104．24.Whichcanbestdescribethechangeoftheauthor’sfeelings?A．sad—excited—surprise—relievedB．sad—surprised—pleased—impressedC．surprised—sad—disappointed—pleasedD．disappointed—surprised—excited—delightedText4Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis,morecommonlyknownasALS,affectsthenervecellsinthebrainandspinalcord(脊髓)thatmakethemusclesofboththeupperandlowerbodywork.Thosenervecellslosetheirabilitytocontrolmusclemovement,whichleadstoparalysis(瘫痪)anddeath.ItsmostfamoussuffererwasfamedphysicistStephenHawking,whodiedonMarch14,2018attheageof76.Hawking,diagnosedwiththeconditionin1963,livedwithitformorethan50years—aremarkablylongtimeforanALSsufferer.Thediseaselefthimparalyzedandcompletelydependentonothersandtechnologyforeverything:bathing,dressing,eating,mobilityandspeech.Hewasabletomoveonlyafewfingersononehand.“Itrytoleadasnormalalifeaspossible,andnotthinkaboutmycondition,orregretthethingsitpreventsmefromdoing,whicharenotthatmany,”hewroteonhiswebsite.“Ihavebeenluckythatmyconditionhasprogressedmoreslowlythanisoftenthecase.Butitshowsthatoneneednotlosehope.”Hawking’slife,includinghisbattlewithALS,wasmadeintoa2014biopic,TheTheoryofEverything,starringEddieRedmayne.TheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaysthat20,000to30,000peoplehaveALSintheUnitedStates,withabout5,000newcasesdiagnosedeveryyear.Peopleusuallyfindoutthattheyhaveitbetween55and75yearsofage.Onaverage,patientslivetwotofiveyearsaftersymptomsdevelop.Forreasonsnotyetunderstood,militaryveteransaretwiceaslikelytobediagnosedwithALSasthegeneralpublic,accordingtotheALSAssociation.ScientistshavebeenstudyingmanyfactorsthatcouldbelinkedwithALS,suchasheredity(遗传)andenvironmentalexposures.1、Accordingtothetext,ALS.A．islinkedwithclimatechangesB．leadstodeathinoneortwoyearsC．affectsthenervecellsalloverthebodyD．makespeoplelosecontrolofmusclemovement2、FromthetextwecaninferthatHawking.A．diedofanunknowndiseaseB．livedwithALSfor55yearsC．feltdesperateinhislastyearsD．wasparalyzedduetopoortreatment3、WhatisthesituationofALSintheUS?A．Over30,000peoplesufferfromALS.B．ALSisusuallyfoundamongtheelderlypeople.C．PatientsoftenenjoyalonglifespandespiteALS.D．Moreandmorenewcasesarereportedeveryyear.4、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ThesymptomsandpossiblecuresofALS.B．AbiographicalfilmaboutStephenHawking.C．AgeneralintroductionofthediseaseofALS.D．Lifeofthefamousphysicist,StephenHawking.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)DearDad,Onthisdateofyour50thbirthday,MomgavemetheletteryouwrotemewhenIwasborn18yearsagoInyourletter,you1．(wish)metobestrong-mindedandsuccessfulYouwerelookingforwardto2．(see)mefightformyfuturebravelyanddowellfor3．andothersAfterreadingthisletter,Ifeelquite4．(shock)atyour5．(expect)onmeIalsofeelshamed6．nothavingperformedwelltomeetyourdemandIstillrememberwhenIwasinprimaryschool,IfailedtoapplymyselftostudyingIwasaddictedtocomputergamesAsaconsequence,IsoonbecamethelastoneinmyclassYoudidn’tabusemeatall7．thecontrary,youtaughtmethatstudyingwasthemostimportantobjectatthemomentandencouragedmetostudyhardOnly8．IreadyourletterdidIrealizethatIbehavedsobadlyatthattimeandyouweresosadtoseeIdidn’tdowellformyselfIcan’thelpexpressingmygratitudeandsendingmybestwishestoyouWishyou9．(health)andhappyIpromisethatIwillsparenoefforttosatisfyyourdemandofbeing10．braveandsuccessfulpersonA

mouse，because

of

an1．

（luck）

chance，made

close

friends

with

an

evil

frog．One

day，2．frog

played

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trick

on

the

mouse

by3．

（tie）

a

foot

of

the

mouse

to

his

own．At

first，both

of

them

joined

together

and

the

frog4．

（lead）

his

friend

toward

the

pool

in

which

he

lived，and

didn’t

stop5．

he

reached

the

side

of

the

water．Then

the

frog

suddenly

jumped

into

the

water

and

the

mouse

was

pulled

in

with6．

（he）．The

frog

enjoyed

the

water

and

swam

in

it

around，happily

crying7．if

he

had

done

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great

deed．The

unhappy

mouse

died

soon

in

the

water，and

his

dead

body

floated

around

on

the

surface，8．（fasten）

to

the

foot

of

the

frog．A

hawk

saw

the

dead

mouse，suddenly

flew

down

towards

it，caught

it

and

flew

away．The

frog，still

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the

leg

of

the

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also

carried

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a9．（prison），and

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catch．SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)SleepandTeens--BiologyandBehaviorHowmuchsleepdoteensneed?Andhowmuchsleeparetheyrealisticallygetting?Basedoncurrentdata,mostteensneedabout9-plushourstohavethebestormostsuitablesleepnight.1、Manyfactorscombinetodecreasesleepinadolescents.Wecanthinkingeneraloftwomajorfactors:biological,thebrainprocessesthatregulatetheamountandtimingofsleep,andbehavior,allthepsychological,parental,societal,culturalfeaturesofteen’slife.2、Thesechangeslaythegroundworkforthebiologicalnighttooccurlaterduringtheteenyearsthanbefore.CircadianRhythms(dailybiologicalclock)seemstoslowdownasyoungpeopleprogressthroughthemiddleschoolyears.Atthesametime,thesleeppressuresystemappearstochangeinawaythatmakesiteasiertostayawakelonger,thoughwithoutchangingtheamountofsleepthatisneeded.Moreover,manyteenshavea"technologicalplayground"intheirbedrooms:television,computerwith24/7Internetaccess,telephones,electronicgamestations,MP3players,andsoforth.Thesetechnologiesprovideinstantandconstantcontactwithpeers.Societalandmediapressuretoconsumethesetechnologiesisnowhigherthanever.Yetsocietyalsorequiresthatteensgotoschoolatatimeofdaythatisatoddswiththeirbiologicalandsociallives.Soweseeteensturntocaffeine,late-nightInternetandcramminginactivityafteractivityasameanstokeepawake.3、.Problemsemergeforlackofsleep.4、Forsome,gradesbegintosufferastheystruggletokeepawakeduringclassandwhiledoinghomework.Andothersmaysimplyfeelmoody,neverknowinghowtofeelordotheirbest.Worsestill,manyteenssufferfrombothphysicalandmentalillness.5、Theearlierteenscanstartthisgoodsleephabit,theeasieritwillbeforthemtostayhealthy,happyandsmart.A．SleepexpertsrecommendteenskeepconsistentsleepandwakescheduleB．TeensmayschedulesleeplikeanyotherdailyactivityandmakesleepapriorityC．ThentheyaretrappedintoaterriblesituationwheretheywouldnevergetenoughsleepD．Thesleep-wakebio-regulatoryfactorsappeartochangesignificantlyduringadolescenceE.Someteenagersstruggletowakeupinthemorning,oftenresultinginlateormissedschoolF.Teensmaybedriventothingsthatcanwakethemupbecausethey'llfallasleepiftheydonotG.However,itisindicatedthatmostteensfallshortofthisgoal,manybyaconsiderableamount.HowtoLoveYourParentsEvenifyouthinkthatyourparentsaremean-spiritedattimes,lovingyourparentsisanormalandfulfillingpartoflife．Youlovethemforthefactthattheycreatedyou,raisedyou,andareinpart,asourceofwhoyouare．1、Tell