历史学专业英语02-What-is-History

WhatisHistory?DrMarkJCrowleyE-MAIL:MJC83@LIVE.CO.UK精选pptObjectivesStudythedifferentinterpretationsofhistoryUnderstanddifferentresearchmethodsExaminedebatesinhistoriography(MarcBlochandEHCarr)Understandtheroleofinterdisciplinaryhistory精选pptEdwardGibbon(1700s)“Historyis,indeed,alittlemorethantheregisterofthecrimes,folliesandmisfortunesofmankind”精选pptNapoleon“Historyisamythweallagreetobelieve”精选pptHenryFord“Historyismoreorlessbunk”精选pptWinstonChurchill“Historyiswrittenbythevictors”“Historywillbekindtome,forIintendtowriteit”精选pptMarcBloch,TheHistorian’sCraft‘Thegoodhistorianislikethegiantofthefairytale.Heknowsthatwhereverhecatchesthescentofhumanflesh,therehisquarrylies.” (1943)精选pptInterrogatethesources“Fromthemomentwhenwearenolongerresignedtopurelyandsimplyrecordingthewordsofourwitnesses,fromthemomentwedecidetoforcethemtospeak,evenagainsttheirwill,cross-examinationbecomesmorenecessarythanever.Indeeditistheprimenecessityofwell-conductedhistoricalresearch”.精选pptKarlPopper“therecanbenohistoryofthepastasitactuallydidhappen;therecanonlybehistoricalinterpretations,andnoneofthemfinal,andeverygenerationhastoframeitsown”精选pptEHCARR"Thebeliefinahardcoreofhistoricalfactsexistingobjectivelyandindependentlyoftheinterpretationofthehistorianisapreposterousfallacy,butonewhichitisveryhardtoeradicate".精选pptDistinctionsofhistory"factsofthepast“(historicalinformationthathistoriansdeemunimportant)"historicalfacts",informationthatthehistorianshavedecidedisimportantRejectconceptslikegoodandevilwhenmakingjudgementsabouteventsandpeople精选pptUnderstandthecontext“Studythehistorianbeforeyoubegintostudythefacts…..Whenyoureadaworkofhistory,alwayslistenoutforthebuzzing.Ifyoucandetectnone,eitheryouaretonedeaforyourhistorianisadulldog….Byandlarge,thehistorianwillgetthekindoffactshewants.Historymeansinterpretation.”精选pptFoundationsofhistory"Socialhistoryisthebedrock.Tostudythebedrockaloneisnotenough;andbecomestedious;perhapsthisiswhathappenedtoAnnales.Butyoucan'tdispensewithit".精选pptBecoming‘interdisciplinary’"Historyispreoccupiedwithfundamentalprocessesofchange.Ifyouareallergictotheseprocesses,youabandonhistoryandtakecoverinthesocialsciences.Todayanthropology,sociology,etc,flourish.Historyissick.Butthenoursocietytooissick".精选pptCriticismsofCarr“...anextraordinarilyarrogantattitudebothtothepastandtotheplaceofthehistorianstudyingit”:GeoffreyElton,(1967)Nointerestinexamining“causation”–HughTrevor-Roper“‘anythingthathasbeencondemnedbyCarr,ThompsonandHobsbawmmusthavesomethingtorecommendit”AndrewRoberts精选pptConclusionHistoryhasnowbecomeinterdisciplinarySt