贵州课标英语课件：范畴2 主题6　科学与技术

课件需用office2010及以上版本打开，如果您的电脑是office2007及以下版本或者WPS软件，可能会出现公式不可编辑或者有不同程度的动版。软件使用编辑修改本课件全文均可单击鼠标右键对内容进行编辑修改。课件说明学科特色公式由公式编辑器制作，可单击鼠标右键对公式进行修改。显示说明如您在使用过程中遇到公式不显示或者字体乱码的情况，可能是因为您的电脑缺少对应字体，请打开网页下载。范畴二人与社会教材同步复习主题六科学与技术Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions：1．Whatsocialmediadoyouoftenuse?2．Whatdoyouusethesocialmediafor?

科技改变生活 Achallengebecamepopularonsocialmediain2020.Itstartedwithawildideathatsomeonepostedonline:OnFebruary10,thepullofgravity(重力)onEarthwouldchange,①allowingabroom(扫把)tostaybalancedwhenyoustooditupright(直立地).Withinhours,peoplealloversocialmediaweretakingthebroomchallenge.Butlaterthechallenge②turnedouttobeatrick.Broomsactuallycanstanduprightonanydayofayear. Thechallengeisharmless.Butexpertssayit'sjustoneexampleofamoreseriousproblemonsocialmedia:misinformation.Everyday,countlessbitsofmisinformationaresharedonsocialmedia.Itcomesinmanyforms:articles,imagesandvideos. Oftenpeoplespreadmisinformationforfunortogetlikesorshares.Butatothertimes,misinformationisaboutimportanttopicsthatpeopleareinterestedin,liketheenvironment.Thegoalofthiskindofmisinformationistoinfluencepeople'sopinions.Expertssaymisinformationisthemosteffectivewhenitmakespeoplehavestrongfeelings.Forexample,ifavideomakestheviewers(观看者)laughorfeelsadorangry,theyaremorelikelytoshareit.Andthemorethevideohasbeensharedorliked,themorelikelyothersaretobelieveit—andtoshareitwithoutcheckingthefacts. Withsomuchmisinformationoutthere,itcanbehardtotellwhat'strueandwhat'snot.Youmaynotrealizeit,butyoucan③playapartin

④keepingmisinformationfromspreadingoutofcontrol.Thebestwayistobemorecarefulofwhatyouseeonline.Ifsomethingseemsreallystrangeorreallyfunnyor⑤toogoodtobetrue,don'tbelieveit.Usereliablesources,liketrustednewswebsitesorgov.sites,tocheckwhatyou'reseeing.Thenifyoustillcan'ttellifsomethingistrue,don'tshareit.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网站上充斥着大量的虚假信息，这些信息经常被失控传播，作者给出了如何处理这些虚假信息的建议：在不确定其真实性的情况下不要分享。

根据文章内容完成下列各题1．Whydoesthewritermentionthebroomchallenge？()A．Toinviteustotakethechallenge. B．Toexplainwhyitgotpopularonline.C．Togiveusanexampleofmisinformation.【解析】推理判断题。通读文章第一段可知，“扫帚挑战”后来被证实是一个骗局，扫帚在一年中的任何一天都可以直立。由此可知文章提及“扫帚挑战”是给我们举了一个虚假信息的例子。故选C。C2．Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytobeshared？()A．Aboringvideo. B．Adifficultarticle.C．Aneye-catchingpicture.【解析】推理判断题。由第三段倒数第二句“Forexample,ifavideomakestheviewers(观看者)laughorfeelsadorangry,theyaremorelikelytoshareit.”并结合所给选项可知，一张引人注目的图片更有可能被分享。故选C。C3．

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reliable”mean？()A．有用的

B．可信赖的

C．新的【解析】词义猜测题。由画线单词后的“liketrustednewswebsites”可知，此处reliable意为“可信赖的”。故选B。B4．

Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus？()A．Howmisinformationisspread. B．Whythereissomuchmisinformation.C．Howtostopmisinformationfromspreading.【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段并结合最后一段第二句“Youmaynotrealizeit,butyoucanplayapartinkeepingmisinformationfromspreadingoutofcontrol.”可知，最后一段主要介绍了阻止虚假信息传播的方法。故选C。C

理清文章结构和内容，完成思维导图February10，2020videosReasonsTohavefunchangecarefulreliablesourcessureabout

好词好句积累在文中画出下列词组或句型，翻译并仿写与主题相关的句子。①allow…todosth.________________________________________________仿写：杰克的妈妈不允许他在上学的日子里上网。_________________________________________________________________允许……做某事Jack'smotherdoesn'tallowhimtosurftheInternetonschooldays.②turnout_______________________________________________________仿写：结果证明这台机器很有用。_________________________________________________________________③playapartin…_________________________________________________仿写：机器人现在在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。_________________________________________________________________证明是，结果是Themachineturnedouttobeveryhelpful.在……方面起作用Robotsareplayinganimportantpartinourlivesnow.④keep…fromdoing…_____________________________________________仿写：用这种方式，它可以阻止我们离屏幕太近。

_________________________________________________________________⑤too…to…______________________________________________________仿写：人工智能可能会变得太聪明而无法被人类控制。_________________________________________________________________阻止……做……Inthisway,itcankeepusfromgettingtooclosetothescreen.太……而不能……AImaybecometoosmarttobecontrolledbyhumanbeings.

完成“五步式”作文

上述阅读理解介绍了网上传播的虚假信息的特点。在生活中，我们每天接触的网络信息纷繁复杂，网络流言(onlinerumors)真假难辨。对于这些流言，有些中学生不知道该如何对待。请你结合你的生活经验，以“OnlineRumors”为题写一篇不少于80词的短文，说说你的看法。要点提示：1．网络流言的危害(影响心情，造成伤害)；2．如何对待网络流言(无视流言，与传播者交流或不要轻易相信它)；3．保持清醒的头脑。要求如下：1.包含要点提示的所有信息；2．重点谈谈如何对待网络流言；3．文中不得使用真实个人信息。OnlineRumors____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1．时态：______________；2.人称：________________；3.文体：__________。一般现在时第一人称为主说明文Therearemanykindsofonlinerumors.Someofthemmakeusfeeldisturbed.Someofthemcausegreatdamagetous.Weshouldignorethem.Don'tpaymuchattentiontothem.Wecanalsocommunicatewiththepeoplewhospreadtherumors.Don'tbelieverumors,andtheywillhavenoeffectonourlife.keepacoolhead介绍生活中的各种网络流言：Asweallknow,therearemanykindsofonlinerumors_________________(说明网络流言出现的情境).inourdailylife网络流言的危害及应对措施： Someofthemmakeusfeeldisturbed.Someofthemcausegreatdamagetous.Whenwe___________________(说明什么时候),Ithinkweshouldignorethem.Don’tpaymuchattentiontothem,andtheywill_____________________(强调这样做的结果).Wecanalsocommunicatewiththepeoplewhospreadtherumorsto________________________________________(补充说明这样做的目的).Don'tbelieverumorsandtheywillhavenoeffectonourlife.faceonlinerumorscometoanendquicklymakethemrealizetheharmoftherumors试着用so、atfirst、inaddition、lastbutnotleast等词或词组衔接成篇，并对文章进行润色升华。衔接成篇

Asweallknow,therearemanykindsofonlinerumorsinourdailylife.衔接成篇

①Someofthemmakeusfeeldisturbed.Someofthemcausegreatdamagetous.

___whenwefaceonlinerumors,Ithink________weshouldignorethem.②Don'tpaymuchattentiontothem,andtheywillcometoanendquickly.

③

,wecancommunicatewiththepeoplewhospreadtherumorstomakethemrealizetheharmoftherumors.

④

,don'tbelieverumorsandtheywillhavenoeffectonourlife.Allinall,whatweshoulddoistokeepacoolhead.SoatfirstInadditionLastbutnotleast润色升华尝试用“notonly…butalso”升格句式：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②尝试用“if从句”升格句式：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________③尝试用“inorderto”升格句式：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Someofthemnotonlymakeusfeeldisturbedbutalsocausegreatdamagetous.Onlinerumorswillcometoanendquicklyifwedon'tpaymuchattentiontothem.Inaddition,wecancommunicatewiththepeoplewhospreadtherumorsinordertomakethemrealizetheharmoftherumors.OnlineRumors

Asweallknow,therearemanykindsofonlinerumorsinourdailylife. Someofthemnotonlymakeusfeeldisturbedbutalsocausegreatdamagetous.Sowhenwefaceonlinerumors,Ithinkatfirstweshouldignorethem.Onlinerumorswillcometoanendquicklyifwedon'tpaymuchattentiontothem.Inaddition,wecancommunicatewiththepeoplewhospreadtherumorsinordertomakethemrealizetheharmoftherumors.Lastbutnotleast,rememberthatrumorswillhavenoeffectonourlifeifwedon'tbelievethemeasily. Allinall,whatweshoulddoistokeepacoolhead.

第一部分完形填空

阅读下面一篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

人类发明与创新RoboticdogsappearedinShanghai WhileitisnotuncommontoseepeoplewalkingtheirdogsonthestreetsofShanghai,peopleare

1

toseeadifferentkindof“dog”onthesidewalks—aroboticdog.()1.A．relaxed B．bored C．surprised【解析】考查形容词辨析。relaxed“放松的”；bored“无聊的”；surprised“惊讶的”。由前句“Whileitisnotuncommontosee...”可知，在上海街头遛狗是普遍的，但人们看到遛电子狗会感到惊讶。故选C。C InoneshortvideoontheInternet,ayoungwomanis

2

asilverroboticdogonPeople'sSquareinShanghai.()2.A．walking B．practicing C．catching【解析】考查动词辨析。walk“使……行走”；practice“练习”；catch“抓住，接住”。此句指人们在广场遛电子狗，walkadog为固定表达。故选A。A NamedGo1,therobotwas

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byChinesestart-upUnitreeinJune2021.AccordingtoChen,amanagerofUnitree,therobot

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about16，000yuananditcanrunata

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of4.7meterspersecond.Itisonlyabout12kgandyoucantakeitwhereveryougo.()3.A．put B．made C．chosen【解析】考查动词辨析。put“放；安置”；make“制作”；choose“选择”。由语境可知，此处表示“这种电子狗被中国初创企业Unitree所制造”。故选B。()4.A．spends B．pays C．Costs【解析】考查动词辨析。这三个动词的意思均为“花费”。spendsth.(in)doingsth；pay＋金钱＋forsth；sthcost(sb)＋time/money。此处表示“这个电子狗花费了大约16000元”。故选C。()5.A．speed B．price C．point【解析】考查名词辨析。speed“速度”；price“价格”；point“点”。由空后的“4.7meterspersecond”可知，此处指速度。故选A。ACA WangXingxing,theCEOofUnitree,first

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aroboticdogduringhispost-graduate(研究生)studies.HenameditXDog.Later,hestartedhis

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inHangzhou,Zhejiangin2016.Sofar,thecompanyhasmaderobotic

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B1,AliengoandLaikago,andtheconsumer-gradeGo1,A1andBenBen.()6.A．bought B．found C．Developed【解析】考查动词辨析。buy“买”；find“发现”；develop“发展；研发”。由语境可知，此处表示“在研究生学习期间研发了一个电子狗”。故选C。

()7.A．hospital B．company C．school【解析】考查名词辨析。hospital“医院”；company“公司”；school“学校”。由下文“thecompany”可知，此处表示“之后在2016年，他在浙江杭州创立了他的第一家公司”。故选B。()8.A．dogs B．cats C．pigs【解析】考查名词辨析。dog“狗”；cat“猫”；pig“猪”。由上文中的“aroboticdog”可知，此处应表示电子狗。故选A。CBA AliengoandA1are

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onlineforaround300，000and100，000yuan.Thetwomodelsare

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usedforindustrialpurposes(工业用途).()9.A．sold B．used C．worked【解析】考查动词辨析。sell“卖；出售”；use“用”；work“工作；运行”。由下文中的“onlineforaround300，000and100，000yuan”可知，此处指Aliengo和A1的售价。故选A。()10.A．possibly B．clearly C．mainly【解析】考查副词辨析。possibly“可能地”；clearly“清晰地”；mainly“主要地”。此处表示“这两个模型主要用于工业用途”。故选C。AC【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海出现的电子狗以及发展历史。第二部分阅读理解第一节阅读下面语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

科学技术与工程 Nowadays,wehavekindsoftechnologiestoprotectusfromdifferentdisasters(灾难).Weevenknowwhereandwhensomedisasters,likethetyphoon,come.⑬Whilemostofthenewtechnologiesarefarawayfromus,somearounduscanhelppeopleindisasters. Thedrone(无人机)isoneofthem.Itcanbeusedtosendfood,waterandotherimportantthingswhenanaturaldisasterhappens.⑪Veryoftenthebuildingsaretoodangerousforrescue(救援)teamstogetin.Theycanmakeadroneflyintothebuildingstosearchforthosewhoarestillalivefirst. Socialmediaisalsoausefultoolwhenitcomestonaturaldisasters.Withitshelp,peoplecanknowaboutthenaturaldisastersbeforetheyhit.Andsomesocialmediaplatformsallowpeopletomarkthemselvesassafeafterdisasterssootherscanknowtheirsituations. Socialmediaisalsoaplaceforup-to-the-minutenews,sopeoplecanlearnwhatisgoingoninthedisasterareas.⑫Besides,manysocialmediaplatformsallowpeopletodonatemoneytohelppeopleindisasterareas.Themoneywillhelpthemgetbacktotheirnormallifeassoonaspossible.Forexample,livestreaming(直播)helpedraisealotofmoneyforHenanafterthefloodin2021. Althoughthesetechnologiescanhelpwhenthereisanaturaldisaster,westillneedtopreparenecessarytoolsandlearnimportantskillstoprotectourselves.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了现代新科技无人机和社交媒体在自然灾害救援中的作用。11．Accordingtothewriter,adronecanflyintodangerousbuildingsto

afterdisasters.()A．callrescueteamsB．sendfoodandwaterC．searchforpeoplealive【解析】细节理解题。由第二段最后两句“Veryoftenthebuildingsaretoodangerousforrescue(救援)teamstogetin.Theycanmakeadroneflyintothebuildingstosearchforthosewhoarestillalivefirst.”可知，灾后救援队会先让无人机进入危险的建筑物中搜寻幸存者。故选C。C12．Thewritermentionslivestreamingtoshow

.()A．socialmediacanprovideup-to-the-minutenewsB．socialmediacanhelpraisemoneyafteradisasterC．peoplecantellotherstheyaresafethroughsocialmedia【解析】推理判断题。由第四段第二至四句“Besides,manysocialmediaplatformsallowpeopletodonatemoneytohelppeopleindisasterareas.Themoneywillhelpthemgetbacktotheirnormallifeassoonaspossible.Forexample,livestreaming(直播)helpedraisealotofmoneyforHenanafterthefloodin2021.”可知，许多社交媒体可让人们为灾区的人捐款，使他们尽快恢复正常生活。2021年水灾后，网络直播就帮河南筹集了很多捐款。由此可知，举例直播是为了说明社交媒体可以帮助灾后筹集资金。故选B。B13．

Whatisthecorrectstructureofthepassage？(P1＝Paragraph1)()【解析】篇章结构题。文章第一段提出一些新技术帮助应对灾难；第二段具体讲了无人机在灾后救援中的作用；第三、四段讲了社交媒体在应对灾难时的作用；最后一段讲尽管这些技术能在自然灾害发生时为人们提供帮助，但我们仍需要准备必要的工具和学习一些重要的技能来保护自己。故选A。A14．

Thepurposeofthepassageisto

.(

)A．tellreaderswhattodowhendisasterscomeB．advisereaderstousesocialmediamoreoftenC．tellreadershowsometechnologieshelpindisasters【解析】写作意图题。由全文内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Whilemostofthenewtechnologiesarefarawayfromus,somearounduscanhelppeopleindisasters.”可知，本文主要为了讲一些新技术是如何在灾难中提供帮助的。故选C。C第二节阅读下面一篇短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一个为多余选项。A．AteaminShenyangdevelopedthewhaleshark.B．Andmostoftheirroboticfisharenotjustforscientificuse.C．Thewhalesharkcankeepswimmingforaslongas10hours.D．Thewhalesharkisveryspecialasitistheworld'sfirstroboticwhaleshark.E．Theteamnowplanstodevelopmorekindsofroboticanimalstomakemoney.F．Theteamplanstodevelopmorekindsofroboticanimalsforparksandschools.

人类发明与创新 AwhalesharkhasrecentlyfounditshomeinaseaparkinShanghaiandbecomespopularamongpeople.15.______

【解析】由第一段内容可知，此处应介绍世界上第一台机器鲸鲨的特别之处。故选D。D Theroboticwhalesharkisabout4.7meterslongandweighs350kilograms.Itcanswim,turn,anddoalotofotherthingslikearealshark.Itcanalsoopenandcloseitsmouth.16.______Itcanmove42metersaminuteandgodownto10metersdeep.【解析】由第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍世界上首台机器鲸鲨的外形特点和它可以做的事情。故选C。C 17.______Afterseeingthehugeneedforunderwaterrobots,expertsontheteamspentseveralyearscreatingdifferentroboticfish.Theroboticwhalesharkisthebiggestonetheyhavemadesofar.Itnotonlybringsgreatfuntovisitorstotheseapark,butalsoservestoeducatepeoplemoreabouttheseaandseaanimals,andcarriesoutscientifictasks.18.______

17．【解析】由下文“expertsontheteamspentseveralyearscreatingdifferentroboticfish.”可知，此处应与这个团队有关。故选A。18．【解析】通读本段内容可知，本段主要介绍这个团队研发机器鲸鲨以及它的作用，由此可推知接下来应介绍这个团队的后期打算。故选F。AF LotsofChineseorganizationsandcompaniesareworkinghardontheresearchanddevelopmentofroboticfish.19.______Theorganizationsandcompaniessaytheywillkeepmovingforwardandbuildmoreroboticanimalstoservepeopleintheireverydaylives.【解析】由上文中的“areworkinghardontheresearchanddevelopmentofroboticfish”及下文“willkeepmovingforwardandbuildmoreroboticanimalstoservepeopleintheireverydaylives”可知，此处应与机器鲸鲨的其他用途有关。故选B。B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一台机器鲸鲨以及创建团队的打算。第三节阅读下面一篇短文，根据其内容填空。

科学技术与工程

㉔Withthesupportoftechnology,servicerobotswithvarioususeshaveplayedimportantrolesinthefightagainstthelatestCOVID-19outbreakinShanghai. InsideahospitalinShanghaiNewInternationalExpoCentre,thefirst28“disinfection(消毒)robots”havebeenputintouse.⑳Eachofthemcanwork24hoursadayandisequippedwiththreedisinfectiontools.

㉑Inthemeantime,agroupof“5Gindoorcloudrobots”candeliverover20boxedmealsatatime,andgotonamedplacesforpatientstogettheirfoodthemselves.Withthehelpoftheserobots,theefficiency(效率)ofmealdeliveryhasbeengreatlyimproved.

㉒Theservicerobotshavehelpedtoreducetheriskofcross-infection(交叉感染)betweenpatientsandtheycanalsoworkwithouttroublingthemedicalstaff. Accordingtothelocalgovernment,morethan200robotsjoinedtheserviceatahospitalinthecity'sLingangarea.Mo