Beer game 实验-啤酒试验

PAGEPAGE2实验2：啤酒游戏Beergame一、IntroductionTheBeerGameisaroleplayinggame.Thecomputerizedversionallowsindividualstoplaythegame,withthecomputertakinguptherolesofotherplayersinthesupplychain.TheBeerGameisagooddemonstrationofthechaos,confusionandstructuralproblemsinsupplychains.Theresultisintendedtodemonstratethebenefitsofintegratedsupplychainmanagementandthesharingofinformationacrossthevarioussupplychainmembers.二、实验的目的与要求要求熟悉模拟软件的操作，理解实验中相关数据的含义，能够利用模拟工具完成设定的模拟内容，理解模拟中出现的供应链管理手段。能够模拟供应链上制造商、批发商、零售商等不同节点企业的订货需求变化。认识供应链中需求异常放大现象（即“牛鞭效应”）的形成过程。分析“牛鞭效应”的产生原因。找出减少“牛鞭效应”的方法。二、实验原理假设我们的供应链由4个环节构成－－生产厂商、经销商、批发商和零售商，且每个环节只有单一的下游客户（这是为了实验验方便)，相邻环节之间存在物流（啤酒）和信息流（订单），上游环节根据下游相邻环节发来的订单安排生产或订货。整个供应链如图2所示。表示物流；表示信息流图2供应链结构图游戏的目标是各扮演的角色制定各自的订货策略，使得自己所在的阶段上总的持有和缺货成本降到最低。TheBeerGamescenario:Eachfacilityhasunlimitedstoragecapacity.Themanufacturer(factory)hasunlimitedrawmaterials.Thereisafixedsupplyleadtimebetweeneachcomponent.Eachweek,eachfacility(component)triestomeettheordercomingfromthedownstream.Noordersarelostandifanordercannotbemetwithavailableinventoryatthefacility,abackorderisrecorded,whicheventuallymustbemet.Eachfirmownstheinventoryatthefacilityandthoseintransittoinventory.Thereisaninventoryholdingcostof$.50/itemperweekanditemsbackorderedcost$1.00/itemperweek.Options.Thereareseveraloptionsavailabletoyouwhichwoulddeterminetheoutcomeofthegame.Themaingameoptions:thedefaultoptionwithlongleadtime(twoperiod)anddecentralizedcontroltheshortleadtimeoptionthecentralizedoptiontheglobalinformationoptionDeterministicDemandRandomDemand三、实验仪器实验用的《啤酒游戏》（BEERGAME）软件一套；每位学生一台电脑。四、实验内容与步骤1．给每个同学分配角色2．阅读游戏说明。3.开始游戏模拟，完成ProjectⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,每个Project运行时间30周。输出系统总结报告及订货需求变化曲线图。ProjectⅠ:选择“Defaultsetting”,①Selectingtheplayeroptiontoretailer(Wholesaler,Distributer,orManufacturer)andcommencethegame.Asyouknow,thecomputerwillplayotherroles.Youwillplayforatotalof30weeksandyourgoalwillbetominimizeyourtotalcost.②Puttinganordertoyoursuppliereveryweek.Whenmakingouttheorderyoushouldconsiderthefollowing:yourcurrentinventoryhowmuchwillarriveinoneweek(delayone)howmuchwillarriveintwoweeks(delaytwo)thesizeofyourmostrecentorder(recentorderbox)thedemandyouarecurrentlyfacing(orderentrydialog)previousdemandbacklog(orderentrydialog)theamountyoumostrecentlysupplied(orderentrydialog)theamountyouorderedfromyourupstreamsupplierinthetwoweekspriorwhichhasnotyetbeenshipped(yourupstreamsupplier'sbackorderbox)anyhistoricalinformationyouhaverecorded.③Makingoutaspreadsheetwithfollowingheaderstokeeptrackofeventsasthegameproceeds.Thiswillallowyoutotakeeffectivedecisionsregardinginventory.Informationmanagementtableweekdemandinventoryinhandinventoryintransitbackloggeddemandinventorynotyetshippedrecentorderrecentlysupplied1

Project2:选择“GlobalIn