计算机图形学实验报告-5

华北电力大学科技学院实验报告||实验名称OpenGL基本图元绘制实验课程名称计算机图形学||专业班级：软件学生姓名学号：成绩：指导教师：实验日期：华北电力大学科技学院实验报告第页共页OpenGL基本图元绘制实验一、实验目的及要求本实验要求熟悉OpenGL基本图元函数的使用。通过使用OpenGL及GLUT库在VisualC++环境下编写图形绘制程序掌握图形绘制的一般框架，从而为进一步做综合性的图形绘制实验奠定基础在两个具有不同属性的窗口中分别显示一个旋转的三角形来演示单缓存和双缓存，利用鼠标或菜单可终止/启动图形旋转。二、所用仪器、设备WindowsXP系统，VisualC++，OpenGL及GLUT库三、实验方法与步骤先配置环境，把相关文件放到相应的文件夹C:\ProgramFiles\MicrosoftVisualStudio\VC98\Include\GLC:\WINDOWS\system32C:\ProgramFiles\MicrosoftVisualStudio\VC98\Lib再通过VC++进行编译四、源代码#include<gl/glut.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>#defineDEG_TO_RAD0.017453staticGLfloattheta=0.0;GLfloatr=1.0;//设置三角形的初始颜色GLfloatg=0.0;GLfloatb=0.0;intsingleb,doubleb;voiddisplay(void){glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);//三角形颜色渐变glColor3f(r,g,b);r=r-0.002;g=g+0.002;b=b+0.001;if(r<0.001){ r=1.0;g=0.0;b=0.0; }glBegin(GL_POLYGON);glVertex2f(cos(DEG_TO_RAD*theta),sin(DEG_TO_RAD*theta));glVertex2f(cos(DEG_TO_RAD*(theta+120)),sin(DEG_TO_RAD*(theta+120)));glVertex2f(cos(DEG_TO_RAD*(theta+240)),sin(DEG_TO_RAD*(theta+240))); glEnd();glutSwapBuffers(); } voidspinDisplay(void)//三角形转动弧度设置{ theta=theta+5; if(theta>360.0) theta=theta-360.0; glutSetWindow(singleb); glutPostWindowRedisplay(singleb); glutSetWindow(doubleb); glutPostWindowRedisplay(doubleb); }voidspinDisplay1(void){ glutPostRedisplay();}voidmyReshape(intw,inth){ glViewport(0,0,w,h);//指定平面上一个矩形裁剪区域， glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); if(w<=h) gluOrtho2D(-1.,1.,-1.*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,1.*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w); else gluOrtho2D(-1.*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,1.*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,-1.,1.);}voidmouse(intbutton,intstate,intx,inty)//鼠标定义{ switch(button){caseGLUT_LEFT_BUTTON:if(state==GLUT_DOWN){ glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay1);}break; caseGLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON: if(state==GLUT_DOWN) glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay); break; default: break;}}voidmain(intargc,char**argv)//主函数{ glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowPosition(200,100); glutInitWindowSize(500,500); singleb=glutCreateWindow("单"); glClearColor(1.0,1.0,0.0,0.1); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutReshapeFunc(myReshape); glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay); glutMouseFunc(mouse); glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowPosition(600,100); glutInitWindowSize(500,500); doubleb=glutCreateWindow("双"); glClearColor(1.0,1.0,0.0,0.1); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutReshapeFunc(myReshape); glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay); glutMouseFunc(mouse); glutMainLoop();}五、实验结果与数据处理程序运行后，弹出两个窗口，里面的三角形旋转的同时逐渐变色；可用鼠标控制，点击左键三角形停止旋转，点击右键三角形继续旋转。六、讨论与结论（对实验现象、实验故障及处理方法、实验中存在的问题等进行分析和讨论，对实验的进一步想法或改进意见）通过本次试验，熟悉了OpenGL基本图元函数的使用，通过使用OpenGL及GLUT库在VisualC++环境下编写图形绘制程序掌握图形绘制的一般框架，从而为进一步做综合性的图形绘制实验奠定基础。七、所附实验输出的结果或数据OpenGL三维观察综合实验实验目的及要求本实验要求对绘制的简单场景（可以自己拟定）综合利用几何变换或gluLookAt函数实现交互式三维观察程序，从而通过本实验加深理解计算机图形学中的三维图形绘制流程的工作原理。对于绘制的立方体（也可以自己拟定）通过键盘移动视点，利用鼠标或键盘控制立方体的旋转方向，从不同角度观察各面颜色不同的立方体。二、所用仪器、设备WindowsXP系统，VisualC++，OpenGL及GLUT库三、实验方法与步骤先配置环境，把相关文件放到相应的文件夹C:\ProgramFiles\MicrosoftVisualStudio\VC98\Include\GLC:\WINDOWS\system32C:\ProgramFiles\MicrosoftVisualStudio\VC98\Lib再通过VC++进行编译四、源代码//2.cpp:定义控制台应用程序的入口点。//#include"stdafx.h"#include<stdlib.h>#include<GL/glut.h>GLfloatvertices[][3]={{-1.0,-1.0,-1.0},{1.0,-1.0,-1.0},{1.0,1.0,-1.0},{-1.0,1.0,-1.0},{-1.0,-1.0,1.0},{1.0,-1.0,1.0},{1.0,1.0,1.0},{-1.0,1.0,1.0}};staticGLfloattheta[]={0.0,0.0,0.0};staticGLintaxis=2;staticGLdoubleviewer[]={0.0,0.0,5.0};voidpolygon(inta,intb,intc,intd){glBegin(GL_POLYGON);glVertex3fv(vertices[a]);glVertex3fv(vertices[b]);glVertex3fv(vertices[c]);glVertex3fv(vertices[d]);glEnd();}voidcolorcube(){//正前面glColor3f(1,1,1);polygon(4,5,6,7);//正背面glColor3f(1.0,0,0);polygon(0,3,2,1);glColor3f(0,1,0);polygon(2,3,7,6);glColor3f(0,0,1);polygon(0,4,7,3);glColor3f(1,1,0);polygon(1,2,6,5);glColor3f(0,1,1);polygon(0,1,5,4);}voiddisplay(){glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glClearDepth(1);glLoadIdentity();//更新视点位置gluLookAt(viewer[0],viewer[1],viewer[2],0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0);glRotatef(theta[0],1.0,0.0,0.0);glRotatef(theta[1],0.0,1.0,0.0);/*旋转立方体*/glRotatef(theta[2],0.0,0.0,1.0);colorcube();glutSwapBuffers();}voidkeys(unsignedcharkey,intx,inty){/*用x,X,y,Y,z,andZ键移动视点*/if(key=='x')viewer[0]-=1.0;if(key=='X')viewer[0]+=1.0;if(key=='y')viewer[1]-=1.0;if(key=='Y')viewer[1]+=1.0;if(key=='z')viewer[2]-=1.0;if(key=='Z')viewer[2]+=1.0;display();}voidmyReshape(intw,inth){glViewport(0,0,w,h);glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();if(w<=h)glFrustum(-2.0,2.0,-2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,2.0,20.0);elseglFrustum(-2.0,2.0,-2.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,2.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,2.0,20.0);/*或者用gluPerspective(45.0,w/h,1.0,10.0);*/glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);}voidmouse(intbtn,intstate,intx,inty){if(btn==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)axis=0;if(btn==GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)axis=1;if(btn==GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)axis=2; theta[axis]+=2.0;if(theta[ax