人教版九年级英语Unit4知识点梳理及语法讲义（学生版）

九年级英语Unit4知识点与语法精讲精练词汇梳理词汇梳理（一）完成单词梳理：名词：1.背景2.害羞；腼腆3.人群；观众4.吨；大量；许多5.讲话；发言6.蚂蚁7.昆虫8.考试；审查9.自豪；骄傲10.介绍动词：1.对付；对待2.敢于；胆敢3.需要；需求4.不及格；失败；未能（做到）副词：1.不常；很少2.确切地；精确地形容词：1.有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的2.不说话的；沉默的3.有用的；有帮助的4.私人的；私密的5.英国（人）的6.缺席；不在7.自豪的；骄傲的兼类词：1.（adj）亚洲（人）的（n）亚洲人2.（n）警卫；看守（v）守卫；保卫3.（adj）欧洲（人）的（n）欧洲人4.（adj）非洲（人）的（n）非洲人5.（n）民众（adj）公开的；公众的6.（n/v）影响7.（adj）总的；普遍的（n）将军8.（v/n）得分；进球9.（v）采访；面试（n）面试；访谈(二)词汇变形小结：1.humorous(adj.有幽默感的)—(n.幽默)2.silent(adj.沉默的)—(n.沉默)3.help(n/v.帮助)—(adj.有帮助的)—(adj.没有帮助的)4.interview(v.采访；面试)—(n.采访者）5.Asia(n.亚洲）—()6.deal(v.对付；对待)—(过去式/过去分词）7.shy(adj.害羞的)—(n.害羞；腼腆)crowd(n.人群)—()—(adj.不拥挤的)9.European(adj.欧洲的)—(n.欧洲)10.African(adj.非洲的)—(n.非洲)11.absent（adj.缺席）—(n.缺席)12.fail（v.失败）—(n.失败)13.examination(n.考试)—(v.考试；审查)14.exactly（adv.确切地）—(adj.精确的)15.pride（n.骄傲；自豪）—(adj.自豪的；骄傲的)16.general（adj.总的；普遍的）—(adv.通常地)17.introduction（n.介绍）—(v.介绍)【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空There'salways____________(ton)ofscrappaper(废纸)inDad'soffice.Be____________（silence）!Mybabyissleeping!Asasinger,helikessinging____________（Europe）songsverymuch.MyparentssentmeadictionaryasaChristmaspresent.It’svery____________(help).Hereisan____________（introduce）ofourpany.Ifyouwanttojoinus,youcanreaditcarefully.Everychildwantstobethe____________(proud)oftheirparents.YuanLongpingis____________regardedasthegreatestscientistinriceplanting.(general)Wemetalotofdifficultiesin____________(deal)withthisproblem,butweovercamethematlast.Iusedtowatchantsandother____________(insect)whenIwasachild.10.Thebusistoo____________(crowd).Let’stakethenextone.(三)短语攻关：时常；有时 应对；处理 公开地 寄宿学校 亲身；亲自 为……感到自豪 为……骄傲；感到自豪 学着做；开始做 一直；总是大量的 闲逛 发表演讲 缺席 尽管；即使 要求某人做某事 不再 敢于做某事在过去 准备好做某事放弃知识点梳理知识点梳理1.Mario,youusedtobeshort,didn’tyou?马里奥，你过去很矮，不是吗？【用法详解】过去常常做某事反意疑问句：反意疑问句是指在陈述句后附加一个简短问句，简短问句的主语应为相应的代词。反意疑问句的两种形式：（1）肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句（2）否定的陈述句+反意疑问句的两种形式：（1）肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句（2）否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句即遵循“前后，前后”原则陈述句部分附加疑问句部分be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语【注意】陈述句和附加问句在人称、数和时态上必须保持一致，且附加问句的主语必须为代词。【拓展延伸】反意疑问句的答语反意疑问句的答语应符合事实。事实是肯定的用yes，事实是否定的用no当句式是“前否后肯”的结构时，翻译要以事实为依据，yes翻译为“不是”，no翻译为“是的”前肯后否否定肯定►—Sheisastudent,isn’tshe?她是一个学生，不是吗？前肯后否否定肯定—Yes,sheis.是的，她是/No,sheisn’t.不，她不是前否后肯肯定否定►—Jimdidn’tetoschoolyesterday,didhe?前否后肯肯定否定【注意】陈述句中含有no,nothing,nobody,never,few,little（少）,seldom,hardly等有否定意义的词时，附加疑问句用肯定形式—Yes,hedid.不，他来了。【注意】陈述句中含有no,nothing,nobody,never,few,little（少）,seldom,hardly等有否定意义的词时，附加疑问句用肯定形式—No,hedidn’t.是的，他没有来。【即学即用】完成下列句子的后半部分1.That'sLucy,?2.Shecan'tspeakChinese,?3.Tomlikesplayingfootball,?4.Itwasanicedayyesterday,?5.Youdidn'tfinishyourwork,?6.ProfessorTuYouyouneverstopsdoingresearchonChinesemedicine,?’’tshe7.—Stevenhadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?—No.Becausehehadafever.’the B.hadhe ’the D.didhe2.What’shelikenow?他现在怎么样？【用法详解】What’ssblike?可用来提问人的外貌，也可用来提问人的性格、品质等。其中like是介词，意为“……怎么样”。Eg.—Whatisyourmathteacherlike?你的数学老师长什么样？—Heistallandthin.他又高又瘦。—What’shelike?他是什么样的人？—He’soutgoing.他是外向的。【拓展延伸】（1）“Whatdoessb.looklike?”意为“某人长什么样？”，只能用来提问人的外貌，不能用来提问人的性格、品质等。其中like是介词，意为“像”。Eg.—Whatdoesyoureldersisterlooklike?你姐姐长什么样？—Sheisofmediumbuildwithshorthair.她中等身材，留着短发。（2）“Whatdoessb.like?”意为“某人喜欢什么？”，用来询问某人的喜好。其中like是动词，意为“喜欢”。Eg.—WhatdoesTomelike?汤姆喜欢什么？—Helikescollectingstamps.他喜欢集邮。3.Iusedtoseehimreadinginthelibraryeveryday.我过去常常看到他每天在图书馆看书。【易混辨析】seesbdoingsth与seesbdosthseesbdoingsth强调动作正在进行seesbdosth强调看见动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生【语境串记】IoftenseeLiMingplaybasketballwithhisfriendsontheplayground,butIsawhimrunningalonewhenIpassedbyjustnow.【拓展延伸】与see用法类似的词还有hear（听见），watch（观看），feel（感到）和notice（注意到）等。4.Forthismonth’sYoungWorldmagazine,Iinterviewed19yearoldAsianpopstarCandyWang.为了这个月的《青年世界》杂志，我采访了19岁的亚洲流行歌星王坎迪。interviewinterviewern.采访者；主持面试者intervieweinterviewinterviewern.采访者；主持面试者intervieween.被采访者；参加面试者（1）（2）19yearold意为“19岁的”（重点）“基数词yearold”构成的词为复合形容词，意为“……岁的”。词与词之间必须加连字符“”，year用单数形式。该复合形容词只能用在名词前作定语。Eg.AnewstudyfromtheUSsaysthat2yearoldbabiescareabouthowothersseethem.美国的一项新的研究表明，两岁的宝宝在意别人怎么看他们。【即学即用】1.—YanJiashuo,agirl,haswontheprizeofInternationalMaterofMemory.—Wow,she’sgreat,isn’tshe?A.tenyearold C.tenyearolds D.tenyearsold2.—HowfarisitfromTianjintoChangsha?—Itis_________flightfromTianjintoChangsha.A.2hourlong B.2hourslong C.2hours’long D.2hourlong5.Candytoldmethatsheusedtobereallyshyandtookupsingingtodealwithhershyness.坎迪告诉我她过去非常害羞，于是开始唱歌来应对她的羞怯。【用法详解】（1）takeup意为“学着做；开始做”，后常跟名词或动词ing形式作宾语。开始做某事Eg.Hetookupfarmingtwoyearsago.他两年前开始务农。【图解助记】takeup的一词多义：（2）dealwith意为“应对；处理”，同义词组为dowith，但dealwith与how搭配，dowith与what搭配如何处理：howtodealwith=whattodowithEg.Idon’tknowhowtodealwiththeproblem.=Idon’tknowwhattodowiththeproblem.【即学即用】1.—Somestudentsdon’tknowhowtoworries.—Theycanasktheirteachersandparentsforhelp.A.belongto B.dealwith C.callinD.dowith2.TheminuteNancysawpapercutting,shefellinlovewithitandasahobby.A.lookedupit B.lookeditupC.tookitup D.tookupit6.Asshegotbetter,shedaredtosinginfrontofherclass.随着她的情况逐步好转，她敢在全班同学面前唱歌了。【用法详解】dare在此作实义动词，有时态、数等的变化，一般不用于进行时。敢于做某事，其否定句或疑问句的构成要借助于助动词do/does/did等。Eg.Thelittlegirldoesn’tdaretoaskquestions.这个小女孩不敢问问题。【易混辨析】infrontof与inthefrontofinfrontofinfrontofinthefrontof在……前面（物体外部的前面）在……前面（物体内部的前面）Eg.Jacksitsinthefrontofaredcar,andthereisayellowcatinfrontofthecar.杰克坐在一辆红色汽车的前面，而且车前面有一只黄色的猫。【即学即用】1.—Howdoyoudaretoyourparentslikethat?—Sorry,Iwon’tdothatagain.A.spoke B.speaking C.tospeak D.tospeaking2.Theboyisverybrave.He________tocatchthethiefwithoutthinkingofanythingelse.A.dares B.wants C.asks D.allows7.Youreallyrequirealotoftalentandhardworktosucceed.你真的需要很多天赋和努力才能成功。【用法详解】require作动词，意为“需要；要求”，通常不用于进行时。重点：初中英语中的“三个要求”asksbtodosth要求某人做某事asksbtodosth要求某人做某事requestsbtodosth要求某人做某事requiresbtodosth要求某人做某事Eg.Mymotheraskedmetogohomebefore10o’clock.我的妈妈要求我在10点之前回家。Theteacherrequestsustofinishthehomeworkontime.老师要求我们按时完成作业。TheteacherrequiredTomtokeepquiet.老师要求汤姆保持安静。【即学即用】1.Theparentsrequesttheirson________tohelpothers.A.learn B.tolearn C.learning D.cleaned2.Peterrequiredme________tolistentohim.A.stopped B.stopping C.stop D.tostop8.Onlyaverysmallnumberofpeoplemakeittothetop.只有极少数人能登上成功的巅峰。实义动词的单数形式即第三人称单数，复数形式即动词原形【用法详解】anumberof意为“许多……”，与many用法相同，其后接可数名词复数形式，number前还可用large,small,great等形容词修饰。实义动词的单数形式即第三人称单数，复数形式即动词原形Eg.Thereareanumberofbooksontheshelves.书架上有许多书。【易混辨析】重点：anumberof与thenumberofanumberof许多……；大量……“anumberof+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式thenumberof……的数量“thenumberof+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用复数形式Eg.AnumberofstudentsinourschoolefromZhengzhou.我们学校的很多学生来自郑州。谓语动词用复数形式谓语动词用单数形式Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolis300.我们学校有300名学生。谓语动词用单数形式【即学即用】1._______myclassmateshavepassedtheexam_______myclassmatesisfifty.A.Thenumberof;thenumberof B.Anumberof;ThenumberofC.Anumberof;AnumberofD.Thenumberof;Anumberof2.Inourcity,thenumberoftheteachersabout2,000,butonlyaboutofthenarementeachers.A.is;sevenhundreds B.are;sevenhundredC.is;sevenhundred D.are;sevenhundreds3.Anumberofboysplayingoutsideandthenumberoftheboysinourneighborhoodincreasing.A.are;are B.is;are C.are;is D.is;is9.LiWen’sunhappinessbegantoinfluencehisschoolwork.李文的不快乐开始影响他的功课。【用法详解】（1）influence作及物动词，意为“影响”，influencesbtodosth“影响某人做某事”（2）influence还可作名词，构成固定搭配：havea(n)......influenceonsb对某人有……影响（influence前可以用great,good,bad,big等形容词修饰）Eg.Whatinfluencedyoutotakeupnursing?是什么影响你去从事护理工作的？Listeningtomusichasagreatinfluenceonher.听音乐对她有很大的影响。【即学即用】1.—Fightsinactionmovieshaveabadonteenagers.—Iagreewithyou.A.habit B.opinion 10.Sheadvisedthemtotalkwiththeirsoninperson.她建议他们亲自与自己的儿子谈谈。advise建议某人（不要）做某事advisedoingsth建议做某事advise建议某人（不要）做某事advisedoingsth建议做某事【即学即用】1.—Howdoyoulikethemovie?—Well,Iyounottoseeit.Itisnotasgoodadthepostersays.A.suggest B.hopeC.consider 2.—HaveyoueverreadthetraditionalstoryYuGongMovesaMountain?—Yes,ourteacheroftenadvisesusmoremeaningfultraditionalbooks.A.readingB.readsC.readD.toread11.TheytakeprideineverythinggoodthatIdo.他们为我做的每一件好事而感到自豪。Iknowmyparentslovemeandthey’realwaysproudofme...我知道我的父母爱我，他们总是为我感到骄傲……【用法详解】takepride=beproud为……感到自豪（重点）pride为名词，意为“自豪；骄傲”，proud作形容词，意为“自豪的；骄傲的”Eg.Shetakesprideinherwonderfulcooking.=Sheisproudofherwonderfulcooking.她为自己出色的烹调技术感到骄傲。【即学即用】1.Mymotheroftensays,“Standtalllikethesunflowerandbeproudwhoyouare.”A.of B.withC.at 2.Youcanseetheinourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepast70years.A.doubt B.pride C.regret 课堂小测一、单项选择1.Thereasonwhyhewasabsentthemeetingwasthathiscarbrokedownontheway.A.atB.from 2.ChinaisAsiancountrywhileEnglandisEuropeancountry.A.an;an B.a;a C.an;a D.a;an3.—Ioftengetangrybecauseofsomeunimportantthings.—Well,youshouldn’tletthemyourfeeling.A.warn B.influence C.win 4.Whilewatchingthefilmyesterday,Icouldn’tstoplaughingatsomemoments.A.humorous B.silent C.dangerous 5.—Couldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvethisproblem?—Sorry,Idon'tknow,either.ButIadviseyou________forMissYang.A.ask B.asked C.askingD.toask6.—_____________? —Heistall.A.Howishe B.Whatdoeshelooklike C.Whatdoeshelike D.Howdoeshelike?7.Idon’tbelievethatthis________boycanpaintsuchanicepicture.A.fiveyearsold B.five—years—old C.five—year—old D.fiveyearold8.Lucydoesn'treallyknow________hernaughtydog.A.whattomakewith B.howtodowith C.whattodealwith D.whattodowith9.Weallknowthatlearningaforeignlanguage_________timeandeffort.A.requires B.reviews C.reduces D.repeats10.AnumberofvisitorsvisitingtheWestLakeandthenumberofthevisitorsincreasing.A.are;is B.is;are C.are;are D.is;is11.—IknowoldJoelives.—Wearesupposedtovisithimfromtimetotime.Then,hewon’tfeel.A.alone;alone B.lonely;lonelyC.lonely;alone D.alone;lonely12.—WangBinhasneverstoppedsmoking,he?—________,hehasn’t.Althoughhiswifealwaysadviseshimnotto.A.has;Yes ’t;Yes ’tNo13.Lindalikestraveling.Shestaysathomeduringholiday.A.seldom B.always C.often 14.Tomakemylifemorecolorfulduringthelongwinterholiday,Isomehobbieslikereadingbooksandplayingtheviolin.A.cutup B.putup C.tookup D.gaveup15.Elderbrother:Whichismuchbraver,thesunorthemoon,Tom?Youngerbrother:Ofcoursethemoon.Becauseitisn’tthedark.A.harmfulto B.afraidofC.sureabout D.thirstyfor二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thetourguidetoldussomethingabout(Africa)history.2.Iwantyoutowritean(introduce)tomynewbooks.3.Myparentstake(proud)ineverythinggoodthatIdo.4.BecauseofProfessorLi’s(absent),Iwillgiveyoualessoninplaceofhim.5.It’svery(help)formetohaveconversationswithfriendsinEnglish.6.Tobreak(silent),Itoldajokeandsoontheconversationwentonsuccessfully.7.Thegirltookup(give)aspeechinpublictodealwithhershyness.8.HangzhouwillbethethirdChinesecitytohostthe(Asia)GamesafterBeijingandGuangzhou.9.Thedoctoradvisesmyfather(run)everyday.10.Thelittlegirl’s(shy)makesherlookprettier.将下列句子中汉语部分译成英语，注意使用适当形式Ithinkyoushouldtalkwithyourson.（亲自）Afterschool,Ipracticetenniswithfriends.（时常）Heisafraidofspeaking.（在公共场合）I’mbusy,soIhavenotimetohavefunwithmychildren.（一直）Nobodyknewwhyhetheparty.（缺席）完形填空Awomanhadaproblem.Shelovedtoeatjunkfoodandnevertookexercise.Asaresult,she(1)toomuchweight.Shegotmuchheavierthanbefore.Shewasunhealthy(2)shewastoooverweight.Inordertokeephealthy,shedecidedtoloseweight.Shedidn’tknowhowtobethin,soshewenttoahospitalandvisiteda(n)(3)calledMrMiller.MrMillerknewaboutthewoman’sproblem.He(4)hertogoonadiet.Hesaidtothewoman,“Iwantyoutoeatregularly（有规律地）fortwodays,thenskip（跳过）aday,and(5)thisprocessfortwoweeks.ThenexttimeIseeyou,you’llhavelost(6)fivepounds.”ThewomansaidthankstoMrMillerandwentbackhome.Shemadea(7)thatshewoulddoasMrMillertoldher.Twoweekslater,thewomanvisitedMrMilleragain.MrMillerwas(8)becausethewomanlostnearly20pounds.Hesaidtothewoman,“Wow,that’samazing!Yougotmuch(9)thanbefore.Youlooksogreatnow!Didyoufollowmyinstructions?”Thewomannoddedandsaid,“Yes,Idid.ButIwanttotellyouthatIseemedtobedyingonthethirdday.Andthesixthday,the(10)day,thetwelfthday!”“Isthatbecauseyouareveryhungry?”MrMillerasked.“No,becauseofskipping（跳绳）allday!IwasverytiredeverytimeIfinishedshipping.”（）1.A.putdown B.putout C.puton D.putoff（）2.A.although B.unless C.until （）3.A.teacher B.doctor C.engineer （）4.A.learned B.allowed C.advised （）5.A.notice B.prevent C.imagine （）6.A.atleast B.attimes C.atfirst D.atlast（）7.A.suggestion B.promise C.difference （）8.A.bored B.excited C.surprised （）9.A.thinner B.heavier C.taller （）10.A.seventh B.eighth C.ninth 五、书面表达时光荏苒，初中三年转瞬即逝。跟三年前的自己相比较，你会有很多变化。请以“Ihavechangedalot!”为题，根据以下要求与提示，用英语写一篇短文，具体描述你最重要的变化及其如何发生的。要求：不少于60词。提示：1.Whatdidyouusetobelike?2.Whatisthemostimportantchange?3.Andhowdidithappen?Tellastoryaboutit.Ihavechangedalot!___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________语法精讲语法精讲usedto的用法一、语法概述usedto意为“过去常常……”，表示过去的习惯、状态或过去反复发生的动作，暗含现在已不存在或不再发生之意。其中，to为不定式符号，后接动词原形，其主语可以是各种人称。二、usedto的句式肯定句usedto+动词原形Heusedtowearglasses.他过去戴眼镜。否定句didn’tuseto+动词原形Hedidn’tusetowearglasses.他过去不戴眼镜。usedn’tto+动词原形Heusedn’ttowearglasses.他过去不戴眼镜。一般疑问句及其答语—Didsb.useto+动词原形...?—Yes,sbdid./No,sbdidn’t.—Didheusetowearglasses?他过去戴眼镜吗？—Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.是的，他戴。/不，他不戴。—Usedsbto+动词原形...?—Yes,sbusedto./No,sbusedn’tto.—Usedhetowearglasses?他过去戴眼镜吗？—Yes,heuesdto./No,heusedn’tto.是的，他戴。/不，他不戴。反意疑问句附加疑问句部分用didn’t/usedn’t+sb或did/used+sbHeusedtowearglasses,didn’the?他过去戴眼镜，不是吗？Heusedn’ttowearglasses,usedhe?他过去不戴眼镜，是吗？【即学即用】句型转换1.Heusedtospendmuchtimeplayinggames.（改为否定句）Hetospendmuchtimeplayinggames.2.Myfatherusedtotakethesubwaytowork.（改为一般疑问句）yourfathertotakethesubwaytowork?3.Lindaseldomusedtogotothelibrary.（改为反意疑问句）Lindaseldomusedtogotothelibrary,?三、usedto的therebe句型usedto用于therebe结构中时，形式为thereusedtobe，表示“过去曾有”。Eg.Thereusedtobeaprivateschoolhere.这儿曾经有一所私立学校。【即学即用】I’llneverforgetthetowninwhichthereacleanriverandmanybigtalltrees.A.usedtobeB.usedtohaveC.wasusedtobeingD.wasusedtohaving四、usedto的相似结构辨析（重点）句型含义用法usedtodosth只用于过去式，其中to为不定式符号be/getusedtodoingsth用于现在、过去或将来等多种时态，其中to为介词beusedtodosth用于多种时态Eg.Hegotusedtobeingthecenterofattention.他习惯了成为关注的焦点。Stampscanbeusedtosendletters.邮票可以用来寄信。【即学即用】1.Mr.Leeusedtodinnerintherestaurant,butnowheisusedtoeverymealwithhisfamilyathome.A.have;eating B.having;eat C.have;eatD.having;eating2.—Howisyourgrandma?—She’sfine.Sheusedto_______TVathomeaftersupper.Butnowsheisusedto________outforawalk.A.watch;go B.watching;go C.watching;going D.watch;going语法小测一、单项选择1.Mysisterbelazy.Butnowshe’sworkingreallyhard.A.usedto B.isusedto C.wasusedtoD.beusedto2.Thissignisusedtouriststostayawayfromthelioninthezoo.A.towarn B.towarning C.tomake D.tomaking3.—________you________gotoschoolbybike?—Yes.ButnowIusuallygotoschoolbybus.A.Did;useto B.Were;usedto C.Do;useto D.Will;useto4.—Sheusedtobeadoctor,didn’tshe?—________.Sheusedtobeateacher.A.Yes,shedid B.Yes,shedidn’t C.No,shedidn’tD.No,shedid5.Mybrother_______likeFrench.Butnowheshows______init.A.didn'tuseto;aninterest B.usedto;interestedC.didn'tusedto;aninterest D.wasusedto;interested6.Mr.GreenusedtoliveinBeijingwithhisdaughter,_________?A.didhe B.didn’the C.didshe D.didn’tshe7.Myfamilyusedto_______vegetablesandflowersintheyard.A.grow B.growing C.growsD.grew8.There_______anoldbookshelfinmyroom.A.usedtohave B.isusedtobeC.usedtobe D.isusedtohave9.Mycousin_______studyingwithhisnewfriendsinAustralianow.A.getsusedto B.usedtoC.isusingto D.wasusedto10.Mymother________toworkbycar,butnowshe______toherworkplace.A.usedtogo;isusedtowalk B.usedtogo;usedtowalk