山东省滨州市2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

滨州市20222023学年下学期高二英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatwillthespeakersdoonThursday?A.Playfootball.B.Watchamovie.C.Gohiking.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Placeanorder.B.Designauniform.C.Formateam.3.WhatisSally'sfavoritecity?A.Paris.B.Madrid.C.Venice4.Wherewillthespeakersgo?A.Toacafé.B.Toadessertshop.C.Toabookstore.5.WhatrelationisMr.Gomeztotheman?A.Histeacher.B.Hisclient.C.Hisboss.第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至7题。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Drivingacar.B.Repairingacar.C.Borrowingacar.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Confused.B.Hesitant.C.Confident.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Ajobcandidate.B.Anewworkmate.C.Travelarrangements.9.HowdoesStevenJohnsonimpresstheman?A.Byhisworkingexperiences.B.Byhismunicationskills.C.Byhisinternationalbackground.10.WhenwillthespeakersmeetStevenJohnson?A.Tomorrow.B.Nextweek.C.Theweekafternext.听下面一段对话，回答第11至13题。11.WhatwillthemandoonMonday?A.Startanewposition.B.Packhisbelongings.C.Attendameeting.12.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?A.Movingtohisnewoffice.B.Checkingoffofficesupplies.C.Preparingforapromotioncampaign.13.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodo?A.Reviewanexpensereport.BProvidethemanwithsupplies.C.Arrangeapanycelebration.听下面一段对话，回答第14至17题。14.Wherewilltheeventtakeplace?A.Atacoffeeshop.B.Atamusichall.C.Atapark.15.Whydidthewomanchoosethelocation?A.It'sprivate.B.It'sfamilyfriendly.C.It'srequestedbythecharity.16.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.OrganizesomeactivitiesB.Contributesomemoney.C.Contactsomebands.17.Whatistheevent'spurpose?A.Tohearsomelivemusic.B.Tohelpananimalshelter.C.Tohavesomefamilyfun.听下面一段独白，回答第18至20题。18.WhydidthespeakerlearnArabic?A.ShewantedtostudyinCairo.B.Shebecameinterestedintheculture.C.ShewasinspiredbyherArabiclecturer.19.Whatisthebiggestchallengeforthespeaker?A.Sufferingfromcultureshock.B.Findingahotelandacmodation.C.MasteringwrittenandspokenArabic.20.Whatexcitesthespeakermost?A.Beinginvitedtoameal.B.Shoppingatalocalmarket.C.Gettingtoknowthelocals.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWeletoTampere,thesecondmetropolis(大都市)inFinland.Youcanfreelychoosefromthebesthotelsinthecitywiththemostlikesonourwebsite.HotelliVilleHotelliVilleisaselfservicehotellocatednearthecenterofTampere.Villeissuitableforbusinesstravelersandanyonetravelingaloneorinsmallgroups.HotelliVilleofferswellequippedrooms.HotelVillatreatsgueststothesimplepleasuresoflife,eachroomhavingitsownTV,microwaveoven,minifridge,coffeemakerandelectrickettle.€75foronenight.GrandHotelTammerEnjoyneoclassicalelegancehere!Beautifullysituatedbetween2lakes,itoffersstunningacmodationbytheTammerkoskirapids.Builtin1929,thisboutiquehotelstandsinthehistoricriversidearea,withinwalkingdistanceofseveralmuseumsandMarketSquare.You'llfindpublictransportationoptionslessthanakilometerfromthehotel,andTamperePirkkalaAirportisjusta15minutedriveaway.€99foronenightScandicTampereStationIt'samodernandtrendycityhotelintheheartofTamperewitharelaxedandstylishbar,gym,saunaandalovingsummerterrace.Wealsoofferaprivatecarparkwith53spaces,aswellasfreewirelessInternetthroughoutthewholehotel.Freebreakfastisoffered.€128foronenight.OriginalSokosHotelVillaThepletelyrenovatedandairconditionedSokosHotelVillaisamodern6storeyhotellocatedinanoldgrainstorageontheTullintorisquare.Arenovationhasbroughtapletelynewdesignforthehotel’srooms,lobbyandbar,aswellasrenewedbathroomsandelectrics.Villaisasmallhotelwithbigservices.eandrelaxinthelovelyOriginalSokosHotelVilla!€132foronenight.1.WhatconveniencecanyoufindinbothHotelliVilleandScandicTampereStation?A.FreeInternetaccess. B.Stunningacmodation.C.Breakfastwithoutextrapay. D.Privilegedlocationinthecitycenter.2.Whichcanyouchooseifyouwantahotelwithabeautifulnaturalview?A.HotelliVille. B.GrandHotelTammer.C.ScandicTampereStation. D.OriginalSokosHotelVilla.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toguide. B.Todescribe.C.Topare. D.Toadvertise.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了芬兰的第二大大都市坦佩雷最受欢迎的四个酒店。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据HotelliVille中的“HotelliVilleisaselfservicehotellocatednearthecenterofTampere.(HotelliVille是一家自助酒店位于坦佩雷的中心。)”以及ScandicTampereStation“It'samodernandtrendycityhotelintheheartofTamperewitharelaxedandstylishbar,gym,saunaandalovingsummerterrace.(坦佩雷火车站这是一家现代时尚的城市酒店，位于坦佩雷市中心，拥有轻松时尚的酒吧、健身房、桑拿浴室和可爱的夏季露台。)”可知，在hoteltelliVille和坦佩雷站方便之处是位于市中心的优越位置。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据GrandHotelTammer中的“Beautifullysituatedbetween2lakes,itoffersstunningacmodationbytheTammerkoskirapids.Builtin1929,thisboutiquehotelstandsinthehistoricriversidearea,withinwalkingdistanceofseveralmuseumsandMarketSquare.(它坐落在两个湖泊之间，在塔默科斯基急流旁提供令人惊叹的住宿。建于1929年，这家精品酒店站在历史悠久的河边地区，步行距离内的几个博物馆和市场广场。)”可知，如果你想要一个拥有美丽自然景观的酒店，你可以选择GrandHotelTammer，故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WeletoTampere,thesecondmetropolis(大都市)inFinland.Youcanfreelychoosefromthebesthotelsinthecitywiththemostlikesonourwebsite.(欢迎来到坦佩雷，芬兰的第二大大都市。您可以在我们的网站上自由选择本市最好、最受欢迎的酒店。)”可知，本文的写作目的是为了给四个酒店做广告。故选D。BOneevening,RachelLapierreboughta$4scratchticketwhilepickingupgroceries.Afteranexhaustingday,sheneededsomethingtoliftherspirits.The46yearoldmotheroffourwaswearingherselfthinasanearlyfulltimeemergencyroomnurseandparttimevolunteeraidworker.Shelongedtobeabletoonedayquitnursingjobandfocusonthevolunteerworkshefoundmostfulfilling.Shevowedtoherselfthatifsheeverwonthelotterythat’swhatshewoulddo.Lapierrewenthomeandscratchedherticket,revealingthreesunnyfaces.Thenextday,theLotoQuebecofficeinformedherthatshehadwonalumpsumof$675,000or$1,000aweekforlife.Shechosethelatter.“Iknowmyself,”shesaid.“Thelumpsumwouldhavemeltedlikesnowinthesun.”Stayingtruetoherword,Lapierrequithernursingjobanddedicatedherlifetohelpingothersthroughherpassionproject,LeBookHumanitaire,whichhassincebeearegisteredcharityLeBook,asLapierre,now62,affectionatelycallsit,beganasasimplelistofgooddeeds.Toher,thedeedswerejustsmallactsofkindness—buyingclothesforafamilyofnewlyarrivedimmigrants,deliveringamealtoanisolatedseniororgivingmedicalattentiontosomeonelivingonthestreets.“LeBookhashadanimmenseimpactonmeandonmanyvulnerablepeople,”saysMartyne,52.TheformerspecialeducationtechniciansuffersfromlongCovidandhasbeenunabletoworksincegettingsickinMarch2020.MartyneisnowonLeBook’sfooddeliveryroute.“Withcourtesyandnojudgment,LeBookhelpsusgetwhatweneed,”shesays.“Whenyoudoagooddeed,ithasabutterflyeffect,”saysLapierre.“Onegooddeedcanaffect10people.Soifwealldoagooddeed?Thatcansavetheworld.”4.WhydidLapierrechoose$1,000aweekforlifeinsteadofalumpsum?A.Alumpsumwaslikelytovanishlikesnow.B.Shewantedtomakebetteruseofthemoney.C.Shehadnoideahowtospendalargefortune.D.Shewasafraidthemoneywouldbeeasilystolen.5.WhyisthestoryofMartynementioned?A.ToexplainhowLeBookworks.B.ToshowLeBook’sgreatinfluence.C.Totellpeoplehermiserableexperience.D.ToappealtomorepeopletojoinLeBook.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeLapierre?A.Generousandkindhearted. B.mittedandcourageous.C.Determinedandhumble. D.Energeticandcreative.7.WhatcanbeinferredfromLapierre’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Manyhandsmakelightwork. B.Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.C.Onegoodturndeservesanother. D.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了刮刮彩票中奖的拉皮埃尔信守诺言，辞去了护士的工作，并通过她的项目“LeBookHumanitaire致力于帮助他人，她认为一件好事可以影响十个人。如果我们都做一件好事就可以拯救世界。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thenextday,theLotoQuebecofficeinformedherthatshehadwonalumpsumof1,000aweekforlife.Shechosethelatter.“Iknowmyself,”shesaid.“Thelumpsumwouldhavemeltedlikesnowinthesun.”(第二天，乐透魁北克办事处通知她，她赢得了67.5万美元的一次性奖金，即终身每周1000美元。她选择了后者。“我了解我自己，”她说。“整笔钱会像阳光下的雪一样融化。”)”和第四段“Stayingtruetoherword,Lapierrequithernursingjobanddedicatedherlifetohelpingothersthroughherpassionproject,LeBookHumanitaire,whichhassincebeearegisteredcharity(拉皮埃尔信守诺言，辞去了护士的工作，并通过她的热情项目LeBookHumanitaire致力于帮助他人，该项目已成为一家注册慈善机构)”推知，拉皮埃尔选择每周1000美元而不是一次性支付是因为她想更好地利用这笔钱。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““LeBookhashadanimmenseimpactonmeandonmanyvulnerablepeople,”saysMartyne,52.TheformerspecialeducationtechniciansuffersfromlongCovidandhasbeenunabletoworksincegettingsickinMarch2020.MartyneisnowonLeBook’sfooddeliveryroute.“Withcourtesyandnojudgment,LeBookhelpsusgetwhatweneed,”shesays.(“LeBook对我和许多弱势群体产生了巨大的影响，”52岁的马蒂娜说。这位前特殊教育技术人员长期感染新冠病毒，自2020年3月生病以来一直无法工作。马蒂娜现在在LeBook的送餐路线上。她说:“LeBook礼貌而不加评判地帮助我们得到了我们需要的东西。”)”可知，提到马蒂娜的故事为了显示这本书的巨大影响。故选B。6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Stayingtruetoherword,Lapierrequithernursingjobanddedicatedherlifetohelpingothersthroughherpassionproject,LeBookHumanitaire,whichhassincebeearegisteredcharity（拉皮埃尔信守诺言，辞去了护士的工作，并通过她的热情项目LeBookHumanitaire致力于帮助他人，该项目已成为一家注册慈善机构）”可知，拉皮埃尔慷慨善良。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Whenyoudoagooddeed,ithasabutterflyeffect,’saysLapierre.‘Onegooddeedcanaffect10people.Soifwealldoagooddeed?Thatcansavetheworld.’(“当你做了一件好事，它会产生蝴蝶效应，”拉皮埃尔说。“一件好事可以影响十个人。如果我们都做一件好事呢?这可以拯救世界。”)”可知，从拉皮埃尔话可推断出：众人拾柴火焰高。故选A。CAteenagerjoinsalineofpeopleboardingaspaceship.Onceonboard,sheapproachesabed,crawlsin,closesthelidandfallsasleep.HerbodyisfrozenforatriptoaplanetseverallightyearsfromEarth.Afewyearslatershewakesup,stillthesameage.Thisabilitytoputherlifeonpausewhileasleepiscalled“suspendedanimation”.Sceneslikethisarethestaplecontentofsciencefiction.Allofthesestorieshavesomethinginmon:Peopleenteranunconsciousstateinwhichtheycansurviveforalongtime.Nothinglikethisisyetpossibleintherealworld.Butsomeanimalsandbirdshavetheirownformsofsuspendedanimation:Theyhibernate.Thismightholdsomelessonsforhowtoputastronautsofthefutureintohibernationforlongspaceflights.“Ithinkthisisrealistic,”saysKatharineGrabek,afamousbiologist.“Itwouldbedonebymakingourselvesassimilaraswecantoahibernator.”Asananimalhibernates,itchillsitsbodyandslowsitsheartrateandbreathing.Metabolism（新陈代谢）alsoslows.Todothis,ananimalmustturnonandoffcertaingeneswhentheyhibernate.Thosegenesdothingslikecontrollingwhetherananimalburnssugarsorfatsforfuel.Othergenesareinvolvedinkeepingmusclesstrong.Humanshavemanyofthesesamegenes.Turningsomeofthesegenesonoroffmightallowhumanstodosomethingsimilartohibernation.Sinceapersonprobablywouldn'tsurvivetheirbodytemperaturedroppingbelowfreezing,itissuggestedthatpeoplemighthibernatelikebears.Ifpeoplearelikebears,hibernationmayhelpkeepbonesandmusclesstrong.Thatisimportantinspace.Bonesandmusclestendtobreakdowninlowgravity.Hibernationcouldcuttheamountoffood,waterandoxygenthaterewsneed.Anditcouldsavepeoplefromtheinevitableboredomoflongtripsinspace.8.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Totellreadersastory. B.Togiveadefinition.C.Tosharescientificknowledge. D.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inparagraph2referto?A.Humanhibernation. B.Livingforever.C.Boardingspaceships. D.Animals'suspendedanimation.10.What'sKatharineGrabek'sattitudetohumanhibernation?A.Doubtful. B.Critical.C.Positive. D.Dismissive.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerninghumanhibernation?A.Itscurrentproblems. B.Itsworkingmechanism.C.Itsbenefitsforastronauts. D.Itsappealtothescientists.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些动物和鸟类的冬眠可能会为如何让未来的宇航员进入冬眠状态以进行长期太空飞行提供一些经验教训。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ateenagerjoinsalineofpeopleboardingaspaceship.Onceonboard,sheapproachesabed,crawlsin,closesthelidandfallsasleep.HerbodyisfrozenforatriptoaplanetseverallightyearsfromEarth.Afewyearslatershewakesup,stillthesameage.Thisabilitytoputherlifeonpausewhileasleepiscalled‘suspendedanimation’.（一名青少年加入了登上宇宙飞船的队伍。一上船，她就走近一张床，爬进去，盖上盖子睡着了。她的身体被冷冻起来，准备前往距离地球几光年的星球。几年后，她醒了过来，还是老样子。这种在睡眠中让生命暂停的能力被称为“假死”。）”可知，第一段通过讲述一个例子来引出文章的主题：未来的宇航员可以进入冬眠状态以进行长期太空飞行。故选D。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“Butsomeanimalsandbirdshavetheirownformsofsuspendedanimation:Theyhibernate.Thismightholdsomelessonsforhowtoputastronautsofthefutureintohibernationforlongspaceflights.（但是一些动物和鸟类有它们自己的假死形式：它们冬眠。这可能会为如何让未来的宇航员进入冬眠状态以进行长期太空飞行提供一些经验教训。）”可知，动物的冬眠会为如何让未来的宇航员进入冬眠状态以进行长期太空飞行提供一些经验教训，this指代人类冬眠。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“‘Ithinkthisisrealistic,’saysKatharineGrabek,afamousbiologist.‘Itwouldbedonebymakingourselvesassimilaraswecantoahibernator.’（“我认为这是现实的，”著名生物学家凯瑟琳·格拉贝克说。“要做到这一点，我们就得把自己变得尽可能像冬眠动物。”）”可知，凯瑟琳·格拉布克对人类冬眠的态度是积极的。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Sinceapersonprobablywouldn'tsurvivetheirbodytemperaturedroppingbelowfreezing,itissuggestedthatpeoplemighthibernatelikebears.Ifpeoplearelikebears,hibernationmayhelpkeepbonesandmusclesstrong.Thatisimportantinspace.Bonesandmusclestendtobreakdowninlowgravity.Hibernationcouldcuttheamountoffood,waterandoxygenthaterewsneed.Anditcouldsavepeoplefromtheinevitableboredomoflongtripsinspace.（由于一个人可能无法在体温低于冰点的情况下生存，所以有人建议人们像熊一样冬眠。如果人们像熊一样，冬眠可能有助于保持骨骼和肌肉强壮。这在太空中很重要。骨骼和肌肉在低重力下容易分解。冬眠可以减少蜜蜂所需的食物、水和氧气的数量。它还可以使人们免于长途太空旅行不可避免的无聊。）”可知，最后一段主要谈论关于人类冬眠对宇航员的好处。故选C。DIfyouareintoGreekmythology,youprobablyhaveheardthestoryofOedipus.Thistale,whichbecameoneofthebestexamplesofselffulfillingprophecy,showshowOedipusandhisfatherLaius,unconsciously(ormaybeconsciously?)demonstratedtheirfate.LiketheOedipustale,wemayhaveselfprophesiedourdestinyinseveralaspectsofourlives,whetherpositiveornegative.Forinstance,haveyoueverforeseensomethingthateventuallyhappenedtoyou?You’renotalone.Aselffulfillingprophecyiswhenaperson’sbeliefgeneratesaconsciousorunconsciousbehaviorthatmakestheirthoughtsetrue.Itworkslikeacycle.Youholdabeliefaboutotherpeopleandyourselfwhichaffectsyouractionsconcerningthemoryourself.Forothers,theassumptionsaffecthowyouacttowardthem,thusinfluencingtheirviewsaboutyou.Foralongtime,selffulfillingprophecieshavegrabbedtheattentionofsociologyandpsychologyresearchers,whowanttounderstandhowtheyimpacthumanbehavior.RobertRosenthalandLenoreJacobsondemonstratedauniquetypeofselffulfillingprophecywiththeirexperimentwithchildrenintheclassroom:thePygmalioneffect.Theresearcherstoldteachersthatsomeoftheirstudentswerepartofthe“growthspurts(快速成长)”groupbasedontheirIQtests.Later,theyretestedthestudentsandcollecteddatafromboth“ordinary”and“growthspurts”students,discoveringthatthe“growthspurts”showedamuchbetterperformancethanthe“ordinary”ones.ThePygmalioneffectshowsthatwhenyoucreateexpectationsaboutpeople,youwilllikelytreatthembasedonthoseexpectations.Thismayinfluencetheperson’sbehavior,whoactsaccordingtothatexpectation,beingaclassicexampleofaselffulfillingprophecy.Selffulfillingpropheciesaresodeeprootedinourpsychologyandsocialenvironmentthatweoftendon’tevennoticethattheycaninfluenceouractivitiesregularly,whetherathome,school,orwork.Whenusingselffulfillingpropheciestoachievegoals,it’sessentialtohaveapositiveoutlookandtofocusontheactionsyoucantaketobringaboutthedesiredoute.Believingthatyoucansucceedisanessentialpartofmakingithappen.12.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Byquestioningatheory. B.Bymakingaparison.C.Bygivinganexample. D.Bycitingothers’ideas.13.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofaselffulfillingprophecy?A.Thosewhoarediligentaremorelikelytosucceed.B.Oneinsecureabouthisabilitytopasstheexamfailsatlast.C.Thelowerone’sexpectationsare,thelessdisappointedhewillbe.D.Agymnastputshermostimpressiveskillattheendoftheroutine.14.Whatdoestheexperimentinparagraph3focuson?A.Thewidegapbetweenstudents.B.HowIQtestsfunctioninone’sactions.C.Thedifferenceofpeople’sexpectations.D.Howothers'expectationsaffectone’sbehavior.15.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowisthePygmalioneffectappliedintoeducation?B.Selffulfillingprophecy:awellreceivedphilosophy.C.Howdoesaselffulfillingprophecyimpactyourlife?D.Oedipustale:agoodexampleofselffulfillingprophecy.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了自我实现的预言会定期影响我们的活动，无论是在家里、学校还是工作中。当使用自我实现的预言来实现目标时，有一个积极的前景和关注你可以采取的行动来实现预期的结果是至关重要的。相信自己能成功是成功的关键。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“IfyouareintoGreekmythology,youprobablyhaveheardthestoryofOedipus.Thistale,whichbecameoneofthebestexamplesofselffulfillingprophecy,showshowOedipusandhisfatherLaius,unconsciously(ormaybeconsciously?)demonstratedtheirfate.(如果你对希腊神话感兴趣，你可能听说过俄狄浦斯的故事。这个故事成为自我实现预言的最好例子之一，它展示了俄狄浦斯和他的父亲拉伊俄斯是如何无意识地(或者可能是有意识地?)展示了他们的命运)”并结合下文对预言会影响我们的活动，帮助实现目标的介绍推知，作者通过举例来介绍主题。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Aselffulfillingprophecyiswhenaperson’sbeliefgeneratesaconsciousorunconsciousbehaviorthatmakestheirthoughtsetrue.(自我实现的预言是指一个人的信念产生了一种有意识或无意识的行为，使他们的想法成真)”可知，一个对自己能否通过考试没有信心的人最终失败了，这是一个自我实现预言的例子。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“RobertRosenthalandLenoreJacobsondemonstratedauniquetypeofselffulfillingprophecywiththeirexperimentwithchildrenintheclassroom:thePygmalioneffect.Theresearcherstoldteachersthatsomeoftheirstudentswerepartofthe“growthspurts(快速成长)”groupbasedontheirIQtests.Later,theyretestedthestudentsandcollecteddatafromboth“ordinary”and“growthspurts”students,discoveringthatthe“growthspurts”showedamuchbetterperformancethanthe“ordinary”ones.ThePygmalioneffectshowsthatwhenyoucreateexpectationsaboutpeople,youwilllikelytreatthembasedonthoseexpectations.Thismayinfluencetheperson’sbehavior,whoactsaccordingtothatexpectation,beingaclassicexampleofaselffulfillingprophecy.((RobertRosenthal和(LenoreJacobson通过在教室里对儿童进行的实验，展示了一种独特的自我实现预言：皮格马利翁效应。研究人员告诉老师，他们的一些学生是“快速成长”的一部分。根据智商测试得出的结论后来，他们重新测试了这些学生，并收集了“普通”学生和“快速成长”学生的数据，发现“快速成长”学生的表现要比“普通”学生好得多。皮格马利翁效应表明，当你对别人产生期望时，你很可能会基于这些期望来对待他们。这可能会影响一个人的行为，他会根据这种期望行事，成为自我实现预言的典型例子)”可知，实验关注的是别人的期望如何影响一个人的行为。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段“Aselffulfillingprophecyiswhenaperson’sbeliefgeneratesaconsciousorunconsciousbehaviorthatmakestheirthoughtsetrue.Itworkslikeacycle.Youholdabeliefaboutotherpeopleandyourselfwhichaffectsyouractionsconcerningthemoryourself.Forothers,theassumptionsaffecthowyouacttowardthem,thusinfluencingtheirviewsaboutyou.(自我实现的预言是指一个人的信念产生了一种有意识或无意识的行为，使他们的想法成真。这就像一个循环。你对别人和你自己持有一种信念，这种信念会影响你对他们或你自己的行为。对其他人来说，这些假设会影响你对他们的行为，从而影响他们对你的看法)”可知，文章主要讲述了自我实现的预言如何影响人们的生活。C项“Howdoesaselffulfillingprophecyimpactyourlife?”符合最佳标题。故选C。第二节（共5小题，每小题分，满分分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theworkplacecanbeaperfectbreedinggroundfor“Misergonia”,alsocalleddeskrage(愤怒).It'saconditioninwhichaseriesofnoisesanddisorderscausepeopledistress.SoundsareoftenthetriggerforMisergonia.Theroutinefirealarmtestisacaseinpoint.“Attentionplease,attentionplease,”shoutsavoicethatisimpossibletoignore.____16____Forexample,everyofficehasitsshareofkeyboardthumperspeoplewhosegoalseemstobenotproducingadocumentbutdestroyingtheequipment.____17____“Thisisapointthathasalreadybeenmade,”ishowweirdlylargenumbersofpeoplestarttomakeapoint.Whynotjustsay"Idon'tvalueyourtime?"SmallITfailuresareafactofofficelife,buttheycanstillbesouldestroying.Theprinterjustdoesn’twork.____18____Yourcursor(光标)isjustthere,butwhenyoumoveyourmousetowardsit,nothinghappens.“Eitheryourcursorisinaaorthebatteryhasrunout,”offersupacolleaguehelpfully.Someoneelsefillsthegap.“Thisisapointthathasalreadybeenmade.”theybegin.____19____Itstartsinnocentlyenough,withsomeoneaskingforhelpwithaproblem.Ineoneortworeplies,andthensuddenly,ashower,asifnothingelsematteredotherthanansweringthisonequestion.Therearerepliestoreplies,andrepliestorepliestoreplies.Everyoneseemstobeenjoyingthemselveshugely,butthereisalwaysasilent,sufferinggroup.Individualworkershavetheirowntriggers.ThereisnocureforMisergonia.Theworkplaceisacollectionofpeoplekeepingintouchindifferentways.Theirhabitsandnoisesturnintosomethingfamiliarforsomecolleaguesbutannoyingforothers.____20____A.You'dbetteraskthemforhelp.B.Andthenthereisthereplyallemail.COthernoisesarenotsoloudbutjustasannoying.D.Orthemousethatgivesupatjustthewrongmoment.E.Nowadays,theputerhasbeeanessentialtool.F.Theonlyreleaseistotrytobeunderstandingandgetusedtoit.G.Verbalphrases(口头禅)areanotherheadacheforMisergoniasufferers.【答案】16.C17.G18.D19.B20.F【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了工作场所可能是“桌怒症”(Misergonia)的完美滋生地。这是一种由一系列噪音和紊乱引起的病症。【16题详解】根据空前“SoundsareoftenthetriggerforMisergonia.Theroutinefirealarmtestisacaseinpoint.‘Attentionplease,attentionplease,’shoutsavoicethatisimpossibletoignore.（声音通常是“桌怒症”的诱因。例行的火警警报测试就是一个很好的例子。“请注意，请注意，”一个让人无法忽视的声音喊道。）”可知，这是一种无法忽视的“桌怒症”声音。以及空后“Forexample,everyofficehasitsshareofkeyboardthumperspeoplewhosegoalseemstobenotproducingadocumentbutdestroyingtheequipment.（例如，每个办公室都有敲键盘的人，他们的目标似乎不是制作文件，而是破坏设备。）”可知，这里举例一些让人讨厌的声音。C项“Othernoisesarenotsoloudbutjustasannoying.（其他的声音没有那么大，但同样令人讨厌。）”符合语境。故选C。【17题详解】根据空后“‘Thisisapointthathasalreadybeenmade,’ishowweirdlylargenumbersofpeoplestarttomakeapoint.Whynotjustsay‘Idon'tvalueyourtime?’（“这是一个已经有人提出的观点。”奇怪的是，大量的人开始提出一个观点。为什么不直接说“我不珍惜你的时间”呢？）”，可知，这里讲述的是让“桌怒症”患者头痛的口头语。G项“Verbalphrases（口头禅）areanotherheadacheforMisergoniasufferers.（口头禅是“桌怒症”患者的另一个头痛问题。）”符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】根据空前“SmallITfailuresareafactofofficelife,buttheycanstillbesouldestroying.Theprinterjustdoesn’twork.（小的IT故障是办公室生活的一个事实，但它们仍然可以摧毁灵魂。打印机坏了。）”可知，这是硬件出现了故障。以及空后“Yourcursorisjustthere,butwhenyoumoveyourmousetowardsit,nothinghappens.‘Eitheryourcursorisinaaorthebatteryhasrunout,’offersupacolleaguehelpfully.（你的光标就在那里，但是当你把鼠标移向它时，什么也没有发生。“要么你的光标失灵了，要么电池没电了，”一位过来帮忙的同事说。）”可知，这里举例鼠标坏了。D项“Orthemousethatgivesupatjustthewrongmoment.（或者你的鼠标总是在关键时候掉链子。）”符合语境。故选D。【19题详解】根据空后“Itstartsinnocentlyenough,withsomeoneaskingforhelpwithaproblem.Ineoneortworeplies,andthensuddenly,ashower,asifnothingelsematteredotherthanansweringthisonequestion.Therearerepliestoreplies,andrepliestorepliestoreplies.Everyoneseemstobeenjoyingthemselveshugely,butthereisalwaysasilent,sufferinggroup.（一开始很单纯，有人在问题上寻求帮助。接下来收到一两个回复后，你会感到恶心，你意识到整个公司都收到了这个请求。突然，一场“雪崩”。似乎除了在这个问题上发表意见之外，其他什么都不重要。有对回复的回复，还有对回复的回复的回复。每个人似乎都玩得很开心，但总有一个沉默的、痛苦的群体。）”，可知，这里it指代的是回复邮件。B项“Andthenthereisthereplyallemail.（然后是回复所有人的邮件。）”符合语境。故选B。【20题详解】根据空前“Individualworkershavetheirowntriggers.ThereisnocureforMisergonia.Theworkplaceisacollectionofpeoplekeepingintouchindifferentways.Theirhabitsandnoisesturnintosomethingfamiliarforsomecolleaguesbutannoyingforothers.（每个员工都有自己的触发因素。“桌怒症”没有治愈方法。工作场所是一群人以不同方式保持联系的地方。他们的习惯和噪音对一些同事来说很熟悉，但对另一些同事来说却很烦人。）”可知，这里综述要理解和习惯办公室噪音。F项“Theonlyreleaseistotrytobeunderstandingandgetusedtoit.（唯一的解脱就是试着去理解并习惯它。）”符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Beforeretiring,myfatherwasasuccessfulcorporateexecutive.Growingup,Igotusedtolearningthathehadreceived____21____,fromvicepresidenttoexecutivevicepresidenttoseniorexecutivevicepresident,andsoon.Iwasalwaysimpressedbymyfather’s____22____andviewedhimasawonderfulrolemodel.Therefore,Icouldn'thavebeenmore____23____whenmyfathergotannoyedwithmeafterIshowedhimoneofmynewbusinesscards,____24____“TinaL.Seelig,President.”Ihadstartedmyownbusinessand____25____myownbusinesscards,Myfatherlookedatthecardsandsaid,“Youcan'tjustcallyourselfpresident.”Inhisexperience,Ihadtowaitforsomeoneelsetopromotemetoaleadershiproleandthethoughtofmy____26____myselfwiththattitle____27____him.Ihave____28____hismentality（心态）timeandtimeagain.TwentyyearsagowhenItoldafriendIwasgoingtowriteabook,sheasked,“Whatmakesyouthinkyoucanwriteabook?”Shecouldn’t____29____takingonsuchaprojectwithoutthe____30____ofsomeoneinapositionofgreaterauthority.I,ontheotherhand,feltconfidentIcoulddoit.Thetaskwascertainly____31____,butwhynottry?Iputtogetheradetailedproposal,wrotesomesamplechapters,shoppeditaround,and____32____acontract.Overtime,I'vebecameincreasingly____33____thatpeoplearedividedintotwocategories.Somelookinsidethemselvesfor____34____andotherswaittobepushedforwardbyoutsideforces.Frommyexperience,there’salottobesaidfor____35____opportunitiesinsteadofwaitingforsomeonetohandthemtoyou.21.A.increases B.promotions C.change