大学英语B-(II)期中考试试卷

大学英语B（II）期中考试试卷一.ReadingComprehension(20*2’)PassageOneAcidRainWhenfossilfuelssuchascoal,gasoline,andfueloilsareburned,theyemitoxidesofsulfur,carbon,andnitrogenintotheair.Theseoxidescombinewithmoistureintheairtoformsulfuricacid,carbonicacid,andnitricacid.Whenitrainsorsnows,theseacidsfallontheearthinwhatiscalledacidrain.Duringthe20thcentury,theacidityoftheairandacidrainhavecometoberecognizedasleadingthreatstothestabilityandqualityofEarth’senvironment.MostofthisacidityisproducedintheindustrializednationsoftheNorthernHemisphere---theUnitedStates,Canada,Japan,andmanycountriesofEurope.Theeffectsofacidraincanbeverydestructivetomanyformsoflife,includinghumanlife.Itseffectscanbemostvividlyseen,however,inlakes,rivers,andstreams.Activityinwaterkillsvirtuallyalllifeforms.Bytheearly1990s,tensofthousandsoflakeshadbeendestroyedbyacidrain.TheproblemhasbeenmostsevereinNorway,Sweden,andCanada.ScientistsusewhatiscalledthePHfactortomeasuretheacidityoralkalinityofliquidsolutions.Onascalefrom0to14,thenumber0representsthehighestlevelofacid.14representthemostbasicoralkaline.RainfallsintheeasternUnitedStatesandinWesternEuropeoftenhaveaPHfactorrangingfrom4.5to4.0.Thethreatposedbyacidrainisnotlimitedbygeographicboundaries.Windscarrythepollutantsaroundtheglobe.Forexample,muchresearchsupportstheconclusionthatpollutionfromcoal-poweredelectricgeneratingstationsintheMidwesternUnitedStatesistheultimatecauseofthesevereacid-rainproblemineasternCanadaandnortheasternUnitedStates.Norarethedestructiveeffectsofacidrainlimitedtothenaturalenvironment.Structuresmadeofstone,metal,andcementhavealsobeendamagedordestroyed.Someoftheworld’sgreatmonumentshaveshownsignsofdamage.Thisdamageisprobablycausedbyacidrain.Thecostofantipollutionequipmentsuchasburners,filters,andchemicalandwashingdevicesisgreat.However,thecostindamagetotheenvironmentandhumanlifeisestimatedtobemuchgreaterbecausethedamagecausedbyacidrainmaybeirreversible.Althoughpreventivemeasuresarebeingtaken,upto500,000lakesinNorthAmericamaybedestroyedbeforetheendofthe20thcentury.YforYes,NforNo,NGforNotGiven1.Thedevelopedcountriesoftheworldproducemostoftheaciditythatcauseacidrains.2.Thenexttellsusthatthedestructionoflakesbyacidrainshasbeenmostseverewherethereisthemostindustry.3.Frogscanliveinandhaveagreatertoleranceforwaterthatismoreacidicthanfishdo.4.Welearnfromthetextthatlakesaredestroyedbyacidrainbecauseeventuallytheycannotsupportlifeatall.5.Thedestructiveeffectsofacidrainarechieflylimitedtothenaturalenvironment.Completethesentencesbelowusingawordorwordsfromthetext.6.Thedamagecausebyacidraintotheenvironmentcouldbe___.7.Thewriterbelievesthatbeforetheendof20thcenturythelakesinNorthAmericadestroyedbyacidraincouldamounttoasmanyas___.PassageTwoIndustryandtheEnvironmentDoyourecycleyournewspapers?Doyoualwaystakeashoppingbagwithyouwhenyougoshopping,sothattheshopdoesn’twasteplasticbags?Ifso,thenyouarea“Green”,youare“environmentallyconscious”.Thatmeansthatyouareawarethathumanbeingsareusinguptheresourcesoftheworldtoofast---andthattoconservetheworld’sresources,wemust“thinkgreen”.Consumersallovertheworldareincreasinglybeginningtorealizetheneedtobuy“greenproducts”---productsthatareeconomicallyandharmlesslyproduced,andharmlesslydisposedofafteruse.Therearealsocampaignstoencouragepeopletorecycleglass,paper,plasticandmetal.Asaresultofsuchcampaigns,fewerresourcesarebeingwasted.However,onethingisclever:withoutthecooperationofindustry---bigbusiness---theworldwillnotgrowcleaner.Foritisindustrythatturnsrawmaterialsintoconsumerproducts.Usingmoderntechnology,industrycancreateenvironmentaldisorderandconfusion,wastingrawmaterials,andpollutingtheearth.Therearesignsthatindustryisbecomingincreasinglyawareofitspowertopreserve,ordestroy,theenvironment.Industryhasforsometimetriedtousenaturalresourcesmoreeconomically.Forexample,powerstationshavebecomemuchmoreefficient.Asaresult,theyhavebecomelesswastefulintheiruseofresources.However,inrecentyears,industryhascometoworrymuchmoreaboutcontrollingtheamountofpollutionduringproduction.Responsiblecompaniesaretryingtoreducetheamountofairpollution.Apartfromreleasingharmfulgases,otherproblemsincludethedischargeofheavymetalsintoriversandthesea,andthedifficultyoffindingenoughspacetodisposesafelyoftheworld’srubbish.Industry’stasknowistofindwaystoreduceoreliminateformsofpollution.Increasinglytheworldwillneedproductsthat,duringtheirlifetime,dominimaldamagetotheplanet,andthat,attheendoftheirlives,caneitherbesafelydisposedof,orrecycled---puttonewuses.So,companiesarenowtryingtoensurethatrubbishisdisposedofsafely,orrecycledwherepossible.Whyshouldanycompanystartthisrevolution?Therearemanypressuresforchange:customers’tasteschange,astheconsumers’tasteschange,astheconsumerstartsto“thinkgreen”.Customersvotewiththeirwalletsandpurses,astheyquestionwhatproductsinvolvepoisonousgasesintheirmanufacture,andwhatproductsarebiologicallyharmfulduringtheiruse,andaftertheirusefullifecomestoanend.Morerelevantperhapsinthelongrun,customersalsohaveaninfluenceongovernment:governmentsarenowimposingstrongerregulationsonindustry,andheavierpenaltiesforpolluting.Governmentscanmakenewlawsaboutchemicaldischarges,taxtheuseofrawmaterials,andpunishcompaniesforpollutingaccidents.Inshort,societywillandmustdemandcleanerandlesswastefulindustrialprocesses,cleanerproducts,andcleanerwaysofdisposingoftheseproducts,orrecyclingthem.Todeveloptheseprocesses,andinventcleanerproducts,willcallforwholenewtypesoftechnology.Thechangesmaywellbeenormous.Whatafortuneawaitsthecompanythatinvents,say,awayoftransportingpeoplerapidly,safelyandquickly,withoutdischargingnastygases,inacontainerthatmeltsintotheearthassoonasitreachestheendofitslonglife!Thegreatengineeringprojectsofthenextcountrywillnotbethecivilengineeringofdamsorbridges,butthebio-engineeringofsewageworksandgarbagedumps.Thestarsscientistswillbethosewhofindcheaperwaystodisposeofplastics,ortocleanuppollutedsoil.Forfar-sightedcompanies,theenvironmentmayturnouttobethebiggestopportunityforenterpriseandinventiontheindustrialworldhasseen.8.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,“Greens”arepeoplewho___.A)classifywastebeforedisposingofitB)onlybuyagriculturalproductsproducedingreenhousesC)avoidusingplasticshoppingbagsD)knowthattheworld’sresourcesarenotlimitless9.Animportantfactorinthepreservationoftheenvironmentis___.A)thecooperationB)consumers’choiceofgoodC)increasedgovernmentcontroloverindustryD)properguidanceonwastedisposal10.When“Customersvotewiththeirwalletsandpurses.”(Para.6,Line3)itmeanstheycan___.A)influencetheelectionofgovernmentofficialsB)canaskquestionsaboutthekindofmaterialsusedbyindustryC)refusetobuybiologicallyharmfulproductsD)putpressureonindustrybyonlybuyingcleanproducts11.Thereisagreatfutureforcompaniesthatcan___.A)findacheapwaytotransportpeoplequicklyandsafelyB)developthetechnologyneededforprotectingtheenvironmentC)avoidtheoccurrenceofpollutingaccidentsD)ensurethesafedisposalofindustrialwaste12.Inthenextcentury,thetaskofimportantengineeringprojectswillbeto___.A)findenvironmentallysafewaystotreatwastewaterB)developtransportationsystemthatdonotpollutetheairC)findwaystodealwithwasteusingbiologicalprocessesD)planandconstructbridgesanddamsPassageThreeRubbishDisposalPeopledon’tlikegettingtheirhandsdirty.Rubbishdisposalhasalwaysbeenlefttosociety’slowerranks,withan“outofsight,outofmind”attitudefrompeoplewhoarenotdirectlyinvolved.Today,however,boththeincreaseintheamountandthecomplexityofwasteproducedarethreateninghumanhealthandtheenvironmentasneverbefore.Thecompositionofwastehasaltered,themostdramaticchangesbeinginthenumberofchemicalswedump.Chemicalsintheformofpills,pesticideorpaintareanessentialpartofourlives.Thedisposalofwastefromthesechemicalshasincreasedtheproblemsinthewaywetreatrubbish,forcingustofacewhatwewouldratherthrowaway.Pollutionofwater,airandsoiliswidespread.Leadintheairaffectsourbrains.Heavymetalsinthesoilaretakenupbyplantsandpassedontouswhenweeatthem.Theenvironmentisseriouslyaffectedaswell.Treesaredyingfromacidrain.Riversrunblackwithpollution.Mysteriousgreenwastefrompetro-chemicalfactoriesspoilfieldswherechildrenplay.Theincreaseincomplexityofwastehascaughtdisposalauthoritiesbysurpriseandtoday’sdangerouswasteisshowinguptheshortcomingsofthedisposalsystems.Themostcommonformofwastedisposalisthe“tip”,nowadayscalledalandfill.Landfillsareholdsinthegroundinwhichrubbishisdeposited.Therubbishsettlesandthendecomposes.Liquidsleakslowlythroughintotheearthanddownintothegroundwater,intothewaterwhichwedrinkanduse.NatureisabletodealwithalittlesuchabusebutthequantityofwastehasincreasedtosuchanextentthatNaturecannotdealwithitanymore.Inordertocopewiththeproblemofcontainingpoisonouswaste,modernlandfillsitesarelinedwithplasticorclaywhichcanpreventtheircontentsfromleakingintothesurroundingsoil.Butthisisstillashort-termmeasure:landfillswilleventuallyleak.Somerubbishisdisposedofbyburning.Theeffectivenessofthisdependsonwhatyouareburning,atwhattemperatureandwherethesmoke-bornewastefinallylands.Blacksmokemeansthatwhateverisinthefurnaceisnotburningthoroughly.Thiscanincreasethedangertotheenvironment,asinthecasewithcertainchemicalsfoundinlubricants,electricaltransformersandmanyotherthingsthatweuseeveryday.Thesechemicalsareamongthemostpoisonouseverproduced,andareverydifficulttogetridof.High-temperatureburningisthoughttodestroythem,butiftheyareburnedatalowertemperature,harmfulpoisonsarereleased.High-temperatureburning,however,requiresexperthandlingandspecialfurnaces,soitisexpensive.DumpingwastestraightintotheseaisespeciallypopularwithislandnationssuchasBritain.TheUKtreatstheseasarounditasapersonalgarbagecan,emptyingmostofitssewagethereandallowingindustriestodumptheirwasteintotheoceanwaters.Britain’sdumpingofnuclearwasteintheAtlantichascausedastormofoutrageandthepracticehashaltedforthetimebeing.ButBritainisnowaskingothercountriesforpermissiontodumpwasteintheirterritorialwaters,farawayfromtheangryvotersathomewiththeir“notinmybackyard”attitudetowaste.Anotherwayofdealingwithwasteistorecycleit.Industryisbeginningtoseethebenefitsinmakinguseofitswaste.Nothing,however,isbetterthanpreventionandweallhaveourpartstoplay.Weonlyhavetolookinourgarbagecans.Plasticcontainers,fluorescentlighttubes,nailpolish,flyspraysandgardenchemicalsalladdtotheproblemsofpoisonouswaste.Householdsdon’tproduceasmuchwasteasindustry,yetitcanbejustasharmful.YforYes,NforNo,NGforNotGiven13.Theincreasingamountofwastefromchemicalshassetthealarmbellsringinginthewastedisposalindustry.14.Wastechemicals,likeotherformsofrubbish,canalsobeeasilydisposedof.15.Natureisunabletodealwithexcessivewaste,especiallywhenitcontainspoisonouschemicals.16.Afterbeingputinalandfill,wastewillnolongerbeathreattohumanhealthandtheenvironment.17.Thehighestvolumeofwastecomesfromhumanindustrialactivity.18.Burningatahightemperatureisthemostefficientandeconomicalwaytodisposeofpoisonouschemicals.Completethesentencesbelowusingawordorwordsfromthetext.19.IslandnationslikeBritainfinditconvenienttodisposeoftheirwastebythrowingitinto____.20.Becauseofthecomplexityofmodernhouseholdwaste,itcanbejustasharmfulaswasteproducedby____.二.Completethefollowingsentenceswithappropriateprepositionsoradverbs.(20*1.5’)21.Susan’ssinginglessonsresulted___hergettingapartinamusical.22.AssoonasIwas___board,Ibegantohavesecondthoughtsaboutleavingthecity.23.Thepilotturnedtheplaneintothewindtotake___.24.Thesemagazinesareproduced___vastnumber.25.Breakthechocolate___smallpiecesandmeltitoveragentleheat.26.Intheafternoonitcleared;thecloudswerecarried___;thesunappeared.27.Icangiveyouanexplanation___whyI’mlate.28.Herbikehasneverbeenusedandis___perfectcondition.29.Peterwasnotstupidbuttherewassomethingstrange___him.30.Wouldyoutake___theEarthifyouwereavisitingalienwithpowerfultechnology?31.Hewokeupinthemorning___abadheadache.32.You’reconfusingme___mysister---itwasshewhowassick.33.Tomebrokethecomputer___throwingabrickatthescreen.34.Shewasfrightening___thewayhespoke.35.Youmayhavesometeainstead___coffee,ifyouwant.36.Inlessthan10yearsitdevelopsfromaseed___afull-growntree.37.Canwebecertain___thetruthofwhatshesaid?38.Youareacting___acompletefool.39.Thestandardsdealwith___languageadmathematicsineverygradefromkindergartenthroughhighschool.40.Breaktheeggsandseparatethewhites___theyolks.三.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninbrackets.(20*1.5’)41.Shehasreceiveda___aboutherbehavior.(warm)42.Weencourageouremployeesintheir___ofnewskills.(develop)43.“Haveyoudecidedwhattodo?”“No,I’mstillconsideringthevarious___.”(possible)44.An___numberofchildrendonotgetmedicalcare.(alarm)45.IthoughtIsawheratthemovie,butIwas___.(mistake)46.“Didyoufeelanypainor___inthehand?”askedthedoctor.47.Theweatherisalwaysan___,especiallywhenplanningapicnic.48.We’vegottwopeoplecalledPaulJamesworkingforus,soit’seasytoget___.(confuse)49.Beforethespeech,thestudentfeltalotof___.(anxious)50.Herfamilywasgenerally___ofherdecision.(support)51.PeopleoncethoughtthattheEarthwasflatandthis___continueduntilatleastthe14thcentury.(Believe)52.Forsome___reason,Maggieleftlastweekwithoutsayinggoodbyetoanyone.(mystery)53.Emily’srelationshipwithhimatthistimeisa___ofloveandhate.(mix)54.Herfatherisill,andshehasthe___ofcaringforhim.(responsible)55.Theplayisperformedonatriangularstage.56.Theforceofthe___brakeallthewindowsofthehousesnearthecar.(explode)57.Examinationsarenotnecessarilythebestwaytomeasure___.(intelligence)58.The___mayalsobeimportantmedically,Dr.Bucksuggested.(discover)59.Myparentsthoughtitwas___foraboytobeinterestedinballet.60.The___ofthekeyisstillamystery.(appear)四.BonusRound---TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish.(1*10’)我从来没有想过会有问题。(crosssb’smind)AnswerSheet班级：学号：姓名：分数：一.ReadingComprehension(20*2’)1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.二.Completethefollowingsentenceswithappropriateprepositionsoradverbs.(20*1.5’)21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.