人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4Natural Words and Expressions 单词讲解导学案（无答案）

BOOK1Unit4WordsandExpressions导学案1.rescuen.&vt.营救;救援[点拨拓展](1)go/cometosb.'srescue=rescuesb. 救援某人 (2)rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来 [应用融会](完成句子)1.Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldiers___________________________.当我们被困在废墟中时,士兵们前来救援我们。Shemanagedto___________________________thefire.她设法从大火中救出自己的孩子。2.damagevt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失;损害;伤害;损害赔偿金[思考感知](写出下列句中damage的词性和中文含义)①Thecrowdsmightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.②Ifwegetwarningsinadvance,we'llbeabletoreducethedamage.③Davidthreatenedtoreporthisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.[点拨归纳](1)cause/dodamageto 对……造成损害/损失 (2)damageone'shealth 损害某人的健康 (3)sufferdamage 受到损害 [应用融会](单句语法填空/完成句子)④Theyoungwomanimmediatelyadmittedherfaultandpaidforthe______(damage)tomycar.⑤Yourfatherisangrybecauseyouhave___________________theflowerbeds.你把花坛弄坏了,你父亲对此非常生气。⑥Drinkingandsmokingcan______________________________.饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。3.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动Thiscanaffectyourwork.=Thiscanhaveaneffectonyourwork.Architectsconsiderthattheplacesweliveincanaffectourthoughtsandbehavior.[点拨拓展](1)beaffectedbyheat/cold 中暑/着凉 (2)beaffectedwithhighfever 发高烧 (3)begreatly/deeplyaffectedby被……深深打动;深受影响(4)effectn. 作用;影响 (5)haveaneffect/influence/impacton 对……产生影响(6)comeintoeffect生效、开始实施 [应用融会](单句语法填空/完成句子)1.__________(affect)withhighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.2.Theeatinghabitshave________________effectonourhealth.3.(2022年浙江高考)Ifeltsohelplessandinsecurebecausethequalityofmylife______________________________________.我感到非常无助和没有安全感,因为我的生活质量受到了影响。⑤Allofus_______________________________________thestoryofthelittlehero.那个小英雄的故事深深地打动了我们所有人。powern.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力①Asisknowntoall,knowledgeispower.②IamproudofChina'shavingthepowertoovercomethenaturaldisaster.[点拨归纳](1)havethepowertodosth. 具有做某事的能力 (2)cometopower 上台;执政(动作) (3)beinpower 执政;掌权(状态) (4)beyond/outofone'spower 力所不及的 (5)powerfuladj. 强有力的 [应用融会](单句语法填空/完成句子)1.Iamsurethathehasthepower_________________(finish)thetaskontime.2.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemost______________(power)animalonearth.3.Idothinkthatitis_______________________tofulfillthetask.我的确认为完成这项任务是他力所不及的。5.ruinn.&vt.破坏；毁坏Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake，whichmadeusawakeallnight.Theydon’twanttoseeourcountryfallintofinancialruin，orhavechildrengohungry，orseeschoolsfail.Thebadweatherruinedourtrip.Thecountrywasruinedbythewar.[点拨拓展](1)inruins严重受损；破败不堪(2)be/lieinruins成为废墟；毁灭 (3)gotoruin/fallintoruin衰落，败落 (4)reducesth.toruins把某物夷为废墟(5)ruinone’shope使某人的希望破灭(6)ruinone’shealth损害某人的健康【词语辨析】ruin，damage与destroy（1）ruin严重地“毁坏”，侧重指破坏事物的内在价值。Theillnesshasruinedmylife.（2）damage部分性“破坏”“损坏”，一般还可以修复。Youhavedamagedmybike；you’dbettergetitrepaired.（3）destroy彻底地“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。Thebombcompletelydestroyedthatbuilding.辨析填空：damage，ruin，destroy1.Mycarwas__________inanaccident，soIhavetobuyanewone.2.Mynewshoesgot________inthemud.3.Theaccidentcausedsome________tomycar，butit’snothingserious.单句语法填空4.Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedto____________（ruin），thecitytookonanewlook.5.Thewholetown___________（ruin）bytheheavystormlastnight.Thearmysent10，000soldierstohelprescuethetrappedpeople.完成句子6.Carlcaresaboutnothingandhasletthefarm________________________（败落）.7.Eversincetheearthquake，thisplacehasbeen________________（一片废墟）.6.buryvt.埋葬；安葬Heburiedhisfaceinhishandsandwept.You’llhavetoburyyourselfinyourstudiesifyouwanttopasstheentranceexaminations.Hehaslearnttoburyhisfeelings.【点拨拓展】：(1)buryone’sface/headinsth.把脸/头埋在某物里面(2)buryoneselfin埋头于，专心于(3)beburiedin埋头于；专心于(4)buryone’sfeelings感情不外露注意：“专心于，致力于”的多种表达：belostin /beabsorbedin /devoteoneselfto=bedevotedto/concentrateon / focuson Theoldmanwaslostinthoughtanddidnothearuscomein.Timepassesquicklywhenyouareabsorbedinreadingagoodbook.Ifyouconcentrateontheproject，youcanfinishitontime.单句语法填空（1）Themandugoutsomegoldfromthecanal，buthewonderedwhere________（bury）it.（2）Eversincehemovedthere，he________________（bury）inhisresearchwork.完成句子（3）He___________________________________（双手掩面）andburstintotears.（4）________inrescuingthetrappedgirl，therescueworkersdidn’tnoticeherparents_________wereburiedundertheruins.=________themselvesinrescuingthetrappedgirl，therescueworkersdidn’tnoticeherparents_____________undertheruins.7.effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力Theyaremakingeffortstoreducepoverty.Iwillmakeeveryefforttoachievemygoal.Youshouldputmoreeffortintoyourwork.[点拨归纳](1)makeanefforttodosth.尽力做某事 (2)Ittakesefforttodosth.花费精力去做某事。 (3)sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力地做某事 (4)puteffortinto（doing）sth.努力做某事 (5)inanefforttodosth.为了做某事 (6)with/withouteffort费力地/毫不费力地单句语法填空（1）Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutitasthegovernmentisnowmakingeveryeffort__________（provide）morejobs.（2）Thecompanyhaslaidoff（解雇）150workersin________efforttosavemoney.完成句子（3）Jack______________________________（已努力改进）hisequipment.（4）准备一次展览要花费很多时间和精力。________________________________________________________8.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦Itisclearthatourplanetissufferingseveredamage.Ihavesufferedfromabadbackacherecently.Sheissufferingalotofpain.Thecarsufferedheavydamageintheaccident.[点拨归纳](1)sufferpain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏(2)sufferfrom 受……折磨;患……病 (3)sufferingn. 痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事 (4)sufferern. 受难者;患病者 单句语法填空(1)Millionsofpeoplesufferdiscomfort________oneormorecoldseachyear.(2)After________（suffer）seriousdamagecausedbytheterribleearthquake，Japanrealizedtheimportanceoflivinginharmonywithnature.(3)Theoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughmany________（suffer）duringthewar.完成句子（4）玛丽眼下身体不好。Maryis___________________________atthemoment.（5）许多国家在金融危机中损失惨重。Manycountries________________________inthefinancialcrisis.8.gothrough[一词多义]经历；经受/获得通过/完成/穿过/经过/审查/仔细检查[应用融会](写出下列句中gothrough的中文含义)①(2022年浙江高考)“Iwassimplygoingthroughaterribleexperience,”Ms.BurdeyneysaidatherhomeinToronto.②Let'sgothroughthenumberstogether.③WewentthroughParistogettoLondon.④Thenewlawdidn'tgothrough.⑤Youshouldcarefullygothroughallthewordsinthepaper.⑥Ihavetogothroughwithmyhomeworkfirst.9.strikevi.&vt.侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;罢课;袭击[点拨归纳] (1)strikesb.with... 用……打某人 (2)bestruckby... 被……所打动 (3)Itstrikessb.that... 某人突然想到…… (4)beonstrike(for) 在(为……而)罢工 (5)goonstrick举行罢工You’llbestruckbyherbeautythemomentyouseeher.Itstrikesmethatthemanwasnottellingthetruth.Halftheworkforcearenow（out）onstrike.[应用融会](1)写出下列句中strike的中文含义①Strikewhiletheironishot.②Theclockhasjuststruck10.③Thegirlstruckamatchandlitacandle.(2)完成句子④I________________________________byhisenthusiasm.我被他的热情所打动。⑤________________________thephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.我突然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。⑥Theworkersare___________________forhighpay.为了争取更高的工资,工人们正在罢工。10.delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表；接生，助产；分娩，生产[点拨归纳]：(1)deliversth.tosb.把某物运送给某人 (2)deliveraspeech/lecture发表演讲 (3)bedeliveredofababy生产，分娩(4)deliverababy接生(5)deliveryn.递送；分娩；演讲方式Yourbloodcells(细胞)delivernutrients(营养)toalltheothercells.TheyinsistedthatIdeliveraspeechatthemeeting.Allshehopedforwastobedeliveredofahealthybaby.写出句中deliver的含义（1）Ourheadmasterdeliveredalonginspiringspeechyesterday. ________（2）Theyrushedhertohospitalwheredoctorsdeliveredherbaby. ________单句语法填空（3）Youpromisedtodeliverthegoods________us，butwehaven’tseenanyofthemyet.（4）Youcaneitherpickupthegoodsorhavethem_________（deliver）.（5）—Whatwouldbethebesttimeofdayforus__________（deliver）thetable?—Oh，anytimewillbeOK.11.shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊【点拨拓展】(1)inshock震惊，吃惊(2)Itshockssb.tosee/hear...看到/听到……使某人震惊(3)shockedadj.惊愕的，震惊的(4)beshockedat/by对……感到震惊(5)beshockedtodosth.对做某事感到震惊(6)shockedlook/expression/voice震惊的表情/声音(7)shockingadj.令人震惊的，令人憎恶的He’sstillinastateofshock.Thenewsofhisdeathcameasagreatshocktoeveryone.Shewastakentohospitalsufferingfromshock.Itshockedthemtohearthathehadgoneabroad.单句语法填空（1）Ilookedatmyhusband________shock，waitingforhimtotellmethatIhadmisunderstoodeverything.（2）Itshockedme________（think）howclosewehadcometobeingkilled.（3）Peoplewere________（shock）toseethatthelittlegirlwasoftenbeatenbyherstepmother.The________（shock）news________（shock）allthepeoplearound，whichwasalso________shocktoherfatherwhowasworkingabroad.完成句子（4）__________________________（听到……让我震惊）thatthehospitalwasclosingdown.（5）Theparents_______________________（对……感到震惊）thenewsthattheirsonneededanoperationonhisknee.12.trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套（trap—trapped—trapped）n.险境；陷阱【点拨拓展】：(1)be/gettrappedin困在……中；陷入……中(2)trapsb.intodoingsth.诱使某人做某事(3)lay/setatrap（forsb.）（给某人）设下圈套(4)fall/walkintoatrap落入圈套Theyweretrappedinthelift.Bycleverquestioningtheytrappedhimintotellingthetruth.Thepeoplecaughtintheunemploymenttrap.Ifyouchoosethisway，you’relikelytofallintoatrap.单句语法填空（1）Fireofficersusedcuttingequipmenttofreehislegs，which______________（trap）underasteelbeam.（2）________（trap）intohisliesoverandoveragain，shefeltverydisappointed.完成句子（3）They________________（被困在）themountain，waitingtoberescued.（4）午夜，他们终于救出了困在山谷中的游客。___________________________________________________________________13.breathevi.&vt.呼吸【点拨拓展】：(1)breathein/out吸气/呼气(2)breathn.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气(3)outofbreath气喘吁吁，上气不接下气(状态) (4)holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸(5)takeadeepbreath深吸一口气 (6)loseone’sbreath喘不过气来(动作)Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.Hisillnessisaresultofbreathinginpaintfumes(油漆)overmanyyears.Hebreatheddeeplybeforespeakingagain.单句语法填空（1）Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood___________（breathe）.完成句子（2）Daniel________________________（深吸一口气）anddivedintothewater.（3）Thedoctortoldmeto__________________（深深吸气）andthen__________________（慢慢呼气）.（4）Fredenteredwithoutknockingand，______________（上气不接下气），sankintoachair.14.supply(supplied,supplied,supplying)n.供应，供给，补给(pl)日用(必需)品;【点拨拓展】(1)supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.tosb.给某人供应某物(2)suppliern.供应商;供应者Thetowniswithoutelectricityandthewatersupplyhasbeencutoffaftertheearthquake.Heofferedtosupplysometextbookstous.1.Nowourschool_________(supply)usstudents_______textbooksforfree.2.Therescueworkerswereloadedwithblanketsand___________(supply)andclimbedthemountain.3.Becauseoftheflood,the__________(供应)ofelectricpowertoneighboringdistrictswascutoff.bedoing...when...正在做……这时……Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.Hewasdreamingawonderfuldreamwhenthefirealarmbeganringing.【点拨拓展】when用作并列连词，表示“这时”，可用于以下句型：(1)主语+was/weredoingwhen主语+did(过去式)某人正在做......这时......(2)主语+was/wereabouttodo...when主语+did...刚要做……这时……=主语+was/wereonthepointofdoing...when主语+did...=主语+was/weregoingto...when主语+did(3)主语+had(just)done...when...刚做完……这时……Iwasabouttogoswimmingwhenhecalledmetogobacktothecompany.Iwasonthepointofopeningthedoorwhenthecellphonerang.Ihadjustfinishedmyhomeworkwhenmymothercamein.单句语法填空（1）Thetrain________（leave）whenIhurriedtothestation.（2）Jack___________（work）inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.（3）Tomwasabout________（close）thewindowwhenhisattentionwasattractedbyabird.完成句子（4）汤姆正打算放弃，这时他突然想到了问题的答案。Tom____________________________hesuddenlyfoundananswertothequestion.（5）我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。Hardly_________________________mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.16.make＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式/动名词/从句...damagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.Thismakesitpossibleforagricultureandindustrytodevelopquickly.Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.Hemadeitclearwhatheintendedtodo.【点拨拓展】make＋it＋形容词/名词＋todo/that+从句常用的动词：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel，hear，observe，notice等。单句语法填空（1）Imustmake________clearthatIwillsupportyouforever.（2）Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmake________hardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.（3）Ifinditdifficult________（do）thejobwell.翻译句子（4）他认为养家是他的责任。___________________________________________________________（5）我们认为抱怨是没有用的。___________________________________________________________（6）我们都认为跟他们争论此事是值得的。___________________________________________________________17.asif（＝asthough）意为“仿佛，好像”1）从句是真实的或是极有可能发生的，用陈述语气Itsoundsasifitis