芦山县2023年考研《英语一》最后冲刺试题含解析

芦山县2023年考研《英语一》最后冲刺试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Icomefromoneofthosefamilieswhereyouhavetoyellatthedinnertabletogetinaword.Everyonehasastrong1,andtalksatthesametime,andnoonehasa2leadingtoheatedarguments.Weoftentalkorevendebatewitheachotherondifferenttopics.3afamilylikeminehasmadememore4abouttheworldaroundme,makingmetendtoquestionanythinganyonetellsme.ButithasalsomademerealizethatI’mnotagoodlistener.AndwhenIsay“listening”,I’mnot5tothenodding-your-head-and-6-answering-Uh-huh-or-Ooh-I-seevariety.Imeanthekindoflisteningwhereyoufindyourselfdeeply7withthepersonyou’respeakingwith,whenhisstorybecomesso8thatyourworldbecomeslessaboutyouandmoreabouthim.No,Iwasneververygoodatthat.IspentsummerinSouthAfricatwoyearsago.Iworkedforagoodnon-profit9calledNoah,whichworks10onbehalfofchildrenaffectedbyAIDS.But11youaskedmewhatIreallydidinSouthAfrica,I’dtellyouonething:Ilistened,andIlistened.SometimesI12,butmostlylistened.AndhadInotspenttwomonths13,Imighthavemissedthe14momentwhenaquietlittlegirlatoneofNoah’scommunitycenters,orphaned（孤儿）attheageofthree,whisperedafteralong15,“Iloveyou.”16thatsummer,Iknewhowtohear.Icouldsitdownwithanyoneandheartheir17andnodandrespondatthe18time—butmostofthetimeIwas19aboutthenextwordsoutofmyownmouth.EversincemysummerinSouthAfrica,Ihavenoticedthatit’sinthosemomentswhenmymouthisclosedandmy20iswideopenthatI’velearnedthemostaboutotherpeople,andperhapsaboutmyself.1、A．qualification B．influence C．opinion D．assumption2、A．commitment B．problem C．schedule D．request3、A．Belongingto B．Believingin C．Bringingup D．Strugglingfor4、A．anxious B．curious C．nervous D．adventurous5、A．objecting B．appealing C．turning D．referring6、A．rudely B．loudly C．politely D．gratefully7、A．identifying B．quarreling C．debating D．competing8、A．vivid B．magical C．mind-numbing D．time-consuming9、A．school B．organization C．factory D．church10、A．effortlessly B．timelessly C．aimlessly D．tirelessly11、A．unless B．because C．although D．if12、A．applauded B．spoke C．wept D．complained13、A．studying B．traveling C．listening D．working14、A．touching B．frustrating C．astonishing D．fascinating15、A．delay B．course C．journey D．silence16、A．Before B．After C．Except D．Since17、A．needs B．stories C．comments D．cases18、A．valuable B．free C．right D．same19、A．talking B．arguing C．learning D．thinking20、A．sympathy B．spirit C．mind D．familySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Inthemid-2000s,WazeMobileco-founderEhudShabtaireceivedacutting-edge(尖端的)giftfromgirlfriend:aGPS.Theexpensivegiftwassupposedtobehelpful.Butstraightoutofthebox,itwasalreadyoutofdate.Shabtai,acodingenthusiast,hadanimmediatereactiontoreinvent.Shabtai’ssolution?Tobuildanapp.With80millionmonthlyactiveusersgloballyandnearly400,000superuserswhofunctionmuchlikeWikipediavolunteereditors(editingmapsratherthanwords),WazeMobilecaughttheeyeofGoogleasarevolutionaryapproachtonavigation(导航).AcquiredbyGooglein2013,Waze’svaluemainlyliesinitshighrateofuserinvolvement.Unliketraditionalnavigationappsthatsimplyshowdirections,Wazeasksitsuserstoreportaccidentsandotherroadconditionsinrealtime,sootheruserscanavoidthetrafficbyusinganalternativeroute.ThegoalbehindWaze’sapproachisanambitiousone:notjustavoidtraffic,butenditaltogether.Wazeisfindingnewwaystoputitsloyalandactiveuserbasetousetomakethatvisionareality,includingaplantomakecarpooling(拼车)cool.Tobesure,trafficjamsaretroublingpeopleallovertheworld.Wazehasbeenquietlyaheadofthegameforsometime.In2013,whenWazewasjustasmalldigital-mappingbusinesswithlimitedresourcesithadsomethingGoogleMapsandothercompetitorsdidn’t:richerGPSguidancethankstoitsstreamoflivetrafficreportsfromusers.TheseuserswerethebasisofShabtai’splantosolveforhisGPSdevice’s“silent”hardware:hegroundedtheappinsoftwarethatcouldbeperpetuallyupdatedbyusers,anywhereandanytime.WazeCarpoolisgoingstraighttotheheartoftrafficjams,tryingtogetmoredriversofftheroadandintocarpools.Theapphasalreadyconnectedtensofthousandsofrideseekerswithdriverswillingtoferrythemalongasharedroute,andthattrendcouldbetheanswertoatraffic-freefuture.1、WhatdidShabtaidowhenhefoundhisgirlfriend’sgiftoutofdate?A．Heimprovedit.B．Hetookitapart.C．Heputitaway.D．Heuseditanyway.2、WhatsetsWazeMobileapartfromtraditionalnavigationapps?A．Ithasthemostusers.B．Itcanindicatedirections.C．Itreportsroadconditionsinrealtime.D．Mostusershelpedititswords.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perpetually”inparagraph6probablymean?A．Difficultly.B．Carefully.C．Greatly.D．Constantly.4、Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A．Theriseofcarpooling.B．Anadvancednavigationapp.C．ThedevelopmentofGoogle.D．Trafficproblemsintheworld.Text2JOHANNESBURG—Theysaycatshaveninelives.NowaChinesetoad(蟾蜍)hasjoinedthatclubofcleversurvivors.SouthAfricansareshockedattheenduranceofatoadthatgottrappedinacargoshipmentfromChinatoCapeTown,afterjumpingintoaporcelain(瓷器)candlestick（烛台）thatwasmadethere.SouthAfricanofficialsreportedlyplannedtoputdownthecreature,fearingitwouldcauseharmasaninvasivespeciesifitwereletgointhewild.Butthetoadgotalast-minutepardon.MangoAirlines,aSouthAfricanairline,transportedthetoadonFridaytoJohannesburgfordeliverytoananimalshelter,afterofficialsdecidedtofindawaytoletthetoadlive.Thetwo-hourfightwasabreezecomparedtothetripfromChina,alongwayofmanyweeksandthousandsofkilometersacrosstheIndianOcean.AirlinespokesmanHeinKaisersaidthetoadgot“first-classtreatment”,sittinginatransparentplasticcontainerwithescortBrettGlasby,ananimalwelfareinspector.Therewasevenaceremony,inwhichthetoad’sboardingpasswashandedtoGlasby.“Hewasthestaroftheshowontheflight,”Kaisersaidoftheamphibious(两栖的)passenger.“Ithinkeverypassengerstoppedtohavealook.”OnlandinginJohannesburg,thetoadwasbroughtoutofitscontainerforacelebrity-stylephotoshoot.Observerssaidthebrowntoadseemedlikeacoolcustomer.ItbelongstotheAsianToadspecies,whichbreedsduringthemonsoon(季风)season.ItisbelievedtohavesurvivedthetripfromChinabyhardeningitsskintopreventitfromdryingout,andalsobyslowingitsbreathingandheartrate—methodsthathelpthespeciessurviveintimesofdrought.“We’vehadsnakesinimportedtimberandscorpions(蝎子)infruit.Wewerecalledbecausethetoadwasrightinsidethecandlestick,andwehadtobreakittogetitout”Glasby,theinspector,toldTheStar,aSouthAfricannewspaper.1、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．AnAsiantoadgetsanewhomeinSouthAfrica.B．Asiantoadscan’tgetusedtothelifeinSouthAfrica.C．WorkersshippedatoadtoSouthAfricaonpurpose.D．SouthAfricaignorestheprotectionofanimals.2、Ifthetoadisreleasedintothewild,_________.A．itwillmakethelocalsfeelshockedB．itmightharmthenativespeciesC．itwillloseitslifeinthewildD．itmightfleeintoanothercountry3、ThetoadwasabletoarriveinSouthAfricaalive_________.A．becauseitescapedallattacksandhuntsB．becauseitusedtostopitsbreathinwinterC．becauseitformedhardskintoprotectitselfD．becauseitwasluckytobegivenachance4、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.A．sometimesanimalaretransportedaccidentallyB．noonehasseensuchabigtoadinAfricaC．acandlestickisthebestplaceforatoadD．droughtsmaketoadslivelongerText3Exercisecouldnotonlybenefityourbody,butalsoimproveyourmemory,researchersfoundrecently.IntheirpaperpublishedonMonday,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineintheUnitedStatesandtheUniversityofTsukubainJapanintroducedtheirexperimentandconclusion.Scientistsinvited36volunteerswhowereintheirearly20stodo10minutesoflightexercisebeforetakingamemorytestinwhichtheywereshownpictureslikebroccoli(西兰花)orpicnicbasketsandaskedtorecallthemlater.Thesameexperimentwasrepeatedwiththesamegroupofvolunteerswithoutexercising."Thememorytaskwasreallyquitechallenging,saidMichaelYassa,co-authorofthestudyandaneuroscientist(神经科学家)attheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine."Weusedverytrickysimilaritemstoseeiftheywouldrememberwhetheritwasthisexactpicnicbasketversus(对抗)thatpicnicbasket."Researchersalsoscannedbrainsofsomeoftheparticipantsduringtheexperiment.Theyfoundstrengthenedcommunicationbetweenregionsinvolvedinthestorageandrecollectionofmemoriesinbrainsofthosewhohadexercised.Thissuggestedthatjust10minutesoflightexerciselikewalking,yogaorTaiChimightincreasememorypower.Asallthevolunteersintheexperimentwererelativelyyoung,researchersarestillworkingtolookattheeffectsoflightexerciseonolderpeople."Ourfuturegoalistotrytodevelopanexerciseprescription(处方)thatcanbeusedbyolderadultswhomighthavedisabilitiesormobilityimpairments,butcanstilladoptverysimpleexerciserulesoflifeandbeableto,perhaps,delaycognitivedeclinetemporarily,"saidYassa.1、Whatdidtheresearchersfindfromtheexperimentmentionedinthetext?A．Regularexerciseisofbenefittothememoryofallpeople.B．Justashortperiodofexercisebetteryoungpeople'smemorypower.C．Olderpeoplecanalsoimprovetheircognitivepowerbyexercisingregularly.D．AUthevolunteersintheexperimentimprovedtheirmemorythroughexercise.2、Whywasthememorytaskquitechallenging?A．Thelimetosolvethequestionswastoolimited.B．ThequestionsaskedbythescientistswereloocompHeated.C．Theitemstobedistinguishedwereextremelysimilar.D．Thepeopleintheexperimentweredisabled.3、What'sthepurposeofthetext?A．Tosolveaproblem.B．Togivepracticaladvice.C．Topresentaresearchresult.D．Totellaninterestingsotry4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AdvantagesofExercisingRegularlyB．ExerciseIsBeneficialtoBothYoungandOldC．ExerciseCanImproveOlderPeople'sCognitivePowerD．TenMinutesofExerciseaDayMightImproveMemoryText4Chinaplanstolaunch156smallsatellitesby2025toprovideInternetservicesinlowsignalareasandplaceswithadversenaturalenvironment,accordingtoChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorporation(CASIC).Duetoenvironmentalconditionsofdeserts,mountainsandseas,halfoftheworld'spopulationhasnoaccesstotheInternet,andtheinformationdeficiencyhamperslocaldevelopment.ItwillbeChina'sfirstbroadbandInternetaccesssystemwithsmallsatelliteshoveringinloworbit,whichwillalsohelpmeettheneedsofcommercialspacedevelopment.Theproject,namedHongyun,planstosendthefirstsatelliteby2012,andlaunchfourmoreby2020.Bytheendof2025,CASICplanstohaveallofthe156satellitesinoperation.TheHongyunProiect,whichfocusesoncommunication,remotesensingandnavigation,canoffercommunicationandInternetservicesforChinaandless-developed3countrieswithreducedlatency.Meanwhile,theprojectcanalsobenefitemergencycommunication,sensordatacollectionandremotecontrolofunmannedequipment.Currently,internationalmaritimesatellitesarewidelyusedincommunicationsinmountainousareasandairplanes,butthosesatellites,36,000kilometersabovetheEarth,havetimeandsignaldelayaswellashighcostforprovidingservices.ThesmallsatellitessentbytheHongyunProjectwillhoverinloworbitsonlyhundredsofkilometersto1,000kilometersabovetheEarth,andthuscouldimprovetheInternetaccess.However,theloworbitsatellitesmayfacechallengesinpowersupply,astheyneedmoreenergytoreducetheinfluenceofair-resistancecomparedtohighorbitsatellites.Experimentsareneededtodeterminewhethersolarenergyaloneisenough.1、Accordingtothepassage,________________.A．156satelliteswillbelaunchedbytheHongyunProjectby2020B．internationalmaritimesatellitescancausesignaldelayC．TheHongyunProjectmaynotencouragecommercialspacedevelopmentD．loworbitsatellitesarecurrentlyusedwidelyincommunicationsinmountainousareas2、Theunderlinedword“hampers”inParagraph2probablyrefersto________.A．accelerates B．determinesC．prevents D．promotes3、WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedintheHongyunProject?A．CommunicationandNavigation. B．Remotesensing.C．Datacollection. D．Solarenergy.4、Loworbitsatellitesneedmoreenergyinorderto________.A．providemoreaccuratedata B．improvetheInternetaccessC．reducetheeffectofair-resistance D．facemorechallengesPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Ifalittlehumanlikerobotbeggedyounottoshutitoff,wouldyoushowsympathy?Inanexperiment1．(intend)tofindouthowpeopletreatrobotswhentheyactlikehumans,manyparticipantsstruggledtopowerdownabeggingrobotnamedNao2．experimentwasconductedbyresearchersinGermany,whosefindings3．(publish)inthescientificjournalPLOSOneNao,4．wasdesignedtobegabouthalfoftheparticipantsnottoswitchitoffbutnottheotherhalf,wasused5．(measure)ifhisbeggingaffectedhowpeoplereactedInonepreviousexperiment,researchersfoundthatpeoplepreferredcommunicatingwithrobotswithcomplementary(互补的)personalitycharacteristicsto6．(they)ownAndsincerobotscanexhibitsocialcharacteristicseither7．(speak)withhumanvoicesortakingtheshapeofahumanbody,theresearchsuggeststhatpeopletendtoreact“8．(especial)socialtothem”Theresearcherssaidapossible9．(explain)fortheirresultswasthatpeopleregardedNao’sbegging10．“asignofmakingitsowndecision”Sudanistheonlymalenorthernwhiterhino(犀牛)leftintheworldThat1．(mean)Sudan,42,isthelasthopeforavoidingextinction2．(protect)him,officialshaveplacedhimunder24-hourarmedguardattheOIPejetaConservancyincentralKenyaSudanlivesthere3．twofemalenorthernwhiterhinos,FatuandNajinNorthernwhiterhinos,4．canweighupto5,000pounds,wereonceplentifulacrossnorthernandcentralAfrica5．(hunter)havekilledthousandsofrhinosbecauseof6．highdemandfortheanimals，horns(角)Rhinohorns,believedtohavemedicaleffects,areusedin7．(tradition)AsianmedicinesMorethan1,000rhinos8．(kill)in2014inSouthAfricaaloneandfifty-fourrhinosinKenya,whichhasamuch9．(small)populationSudan,Fatu,andNajinhavehadtheirhorns10．(remove)sothattheywillnotbehuntedPeoplehopeSudanandoneofthefemaleswillbeabletohaveababySudanisveryold,butscientistswillnotgiveuphopeSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Lazypeoplewillneverachieveanythinginlife.However,lazinesscanbedefeatedonceafewchangeshavebeenmadeinyourmind.1、Manypeoplelacksleepconstantly,sincetheystayuptoolateandgetuptooearlytoprepareforwork.Thesepeoplehavelittlemotivationoncetheyarrivehome.Lazinessworkshandinhandwithalackofmotivationandatendencytoputoffthings.Byadjustingyowsleepscheduletoprovideafewmorehoursofmeaningfulrest,youcanfightlazinessthroughouttheday.Anotherwaytofightlazinessistochangeyourmindfrompassivetoactive.Somepeopletreattheirlivesasiftheywerepushedfromprojecttoproject.Otherstakeamoreproactiveapproach,viewingeachprojectortaskasachallengetheymustovercomealone.2、Somepeoplefightlazinessbyremovingthetemptationsthatsurroundthem.Atelevisioninthelivingroommayprovideentertainment,butwatchingtoomuchTVoftenpromoteslaziness3、Completeacertainnumberofchoresandrewardyourselfwithagooddinnerorafilm.Lazinesscanalsobealastingproblemathome.Couplesandchildrenmayallhavedifferentenergylevels,butlazinesscanbespreadifnotdealtwithquickly.4、Bethefirsttocollectandwashdishesafterameal.Othersinthehomemayeventuallyfollowyourexampleandperformtheirownchores.Itisdifficulttopracticelazinesswhenyouaresurroundedbymotivatedpeople.5、Enoughexerciseandabalanceddietcanhelpyoutodevelopahealthylifestyle,thusenablingyoutohavemoreenergyandhelpboostyourmood.A．Knowinghowtofightlazinessisimportant.B．Omwaytofightlazinessistogetenoughsleep.C．Finally,takingexerciseregularlycanhelpyoufightlaziness.D．Withstrongdetermination,youwillbeabletoachieveyourgoal.E.Lazinesssetsinwhenyounolongerfeelinchargeofyourownlife.F.Createarewardsystemforyourself,justasparentsdoforthechildren.G.Tofighthouseholdlaziness,setanexample.Babieshavethecharmtomeltanybody’sheartinstantly;nooneescapesthetwinklingeyesortheinnocentsmile.Justtheirpresencewillcheeryouup,makeyouforgetyourworriesandtemptyoutoindulgeintotheirworld.1、ThoughIdon’thaveanyanswertothequestion,Iwonderastowhatmakestheiraurasodesirable.AndIthinkthereissomethingwecanlearnfromtheyoungones.ForgiveandForgetBabiescanlaugha