定语从句课件【知识精讲+备课精研】 高三英语一轮复习

定语从句定语从句的基本原理011.定语从句是名词的后置定语Weneedateacher

whodoesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.Wearelivinginanage

whenunnecessarythingsareouronlynecessities.我们生活在一个不需品成为必需品的时代。我们需要一个不会让我们上课睡着的老师。Theprofessor

whosecourseIamtakingisexcellent.教我课的那位教授很优秀。2.定语从句是由两个简单句合并而成的Weneedateacher

whodoesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.Wearelivinginanage

whenunnecessarythingsareouronlynecessities.Theprofessor

whosecourseIamtakingisexcellent.Weneedateacher.He/Shedoesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.Wearelivinginanage.Inthisage,unnecessarythingsareouronlynecessities.Theprofessorisexcellent.

Iamtakinghiscourse.主、从句各一句两句互有指代关系3.定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词与关系词Weneedateacher

who

doesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.Wearelivinginanage

whenunnecessarythingsareouronlynecessities.Theprofessor

whosecourseIamtakingisexcellent.1）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。通常为名词、代词或整个主句。2）关系词：引导定语从句的连词。3）关系词代替先行词在从句中充当成分。3.定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词与关系词4）关系词的分类：关系词先行词在从句中的成分关系代词who人主语或宾语whom人宾语which物主语或宾语that人或物主语、宾语或表语关系限定词whose人或物定语关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语限制性与非限制性定语从句021.结构区别分类逗号例句从句与先行词关系限制性无Weneedateacher

whodoesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.修饰Theprofessor

whosecourseIamtakingisexcellent.非限制性有MybrotherJim,wholivesinLondon,isadoctor.补充说明TheyliveinavillageinBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.2.使用非限的情况1）专有名词作先行词：专有名词是独一无二的，本身意思已经很完整，不需要限制或修饰，所以定语从句只是对它进行补充说明。Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasdevelopedintoaninternationalcity.Einstein,whowasagreatJewishscientist,createdthetheoryofrelativity.2.使用非限的情况2）含有专有意义的普通名词作先行词：Mymother,whois50yearsoldthisyear,liveswithmenow.Ihavefondmemoriesofmyhometown,whichissituatedinavally.LastnightJohntoldmeabouthisnewjob,whichhe’senjoyingverymuch.2.使用非限的情况3）数量关系或所属关系的定语从句：Inmyclassthereare20students,mostofwhomarefromAsia.Wetoureda300-year-oldhouse,theexteriorofwhichconsistedoflogscementedwithclay.数量关系的定语从句的基本结构：先行词（往往含有数量修饰），+数量词+ofwhich/whom所属关系的定语从句的基本结构：先行词，+名词+ofwhichThroughthecourseofmyschooling,Imetmanyteacher,twoofwhominfluencedmegreatly.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,thehandsofwhichweremadeofsmalldiamonds.2.使用非限的情况4）主句作先行词：Herunsamileeachmorning,whichwouldboreme.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,whichmadeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.MarymarriedmybrotherandImarriedhersister,whichmakesMaryandmedoublein-laws.关系词的一些设定031.关系代词的省略当关系代词代替先行词在从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省。I’dreallyliketofindafriend

who/whom/that/XIcantrustcompletely.Theman

who/whom/that/XIwastellingyouaboutissittingover.但非限制性定从的关系词不能省略。2.非限制性定从的关系词非限制性定从的关系词不能省略，也不能用thatLoriisgoingtomarryMark,whom/whoshedoesnotlove.Myhouse,whichIboughttwoyearsago,hasgotalovelygarden.3.定语从句中的介词前置当关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词跟从句中动词关系并不密切时，该介词可以前置于关系词前，此时关系词不能省，也不能用who和that：Thisisthehotel

which/that/Xyouwillstayin.Theman

who/whom/that/XIwastellingyouaboutissittingover.→Theman

aboutwhomIwastellingyouissittingover.→Thisisthehotel

inwhichyouwillstay.3.定语从句中的介词前置介词+关系代词（which/whom）介词+whose+名词IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.4.限制性定语从句只用that不用which的情况Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachers

thathehadvisited.1）先行词既有人又有物：2）先行词为all,much,few,little,none,something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代词时：Wehaven’tgotmuch

thatwecanofferyou.3）先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时：Pollyisthemostdirectyoungwoman

thatIhaveevercomeacross.4.限制性定语从句只用that不用which的情况Thisistheveryroom

thatIsleptinthatevening.4）先行词有thevery,theonly,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时：5）主句已有疑问词which或who时：Whichofthecars

thatareinfrontofthehotelbelongtoyou?关系词后带有插入语041.插入主谓结构Manystudentsfaceproblemswhentheyhavetostudyasubject

thattheythinkisdifficult.I’vediscoveredIpossessalargenumberofdifferenttalentsandskills

thatIneverwouldhavethoughtwerewithinmehaditnotbeenformybeingopentotryingnewopportunities.很多学生如果必须学一门他们认为很难的课程时，就会遇到很多问题。我发现我身上拥有大量的各种才华和技能，若不是我一直勇于尝试各种机会，我怎么也不会想到我拥有这些。1.插入主谓结构Themillionairehadaveryuglydaughter

whoIcouldneverhavedreamedmanyboysfellinlovewith.这个百万富翁有一个非常难看的女儿，我怎么也想不到，竟然有那么多男孩子在追求她。总结：1）当关系词后插入一个主谓结构，改结构中的谓语一般是表观点的动词：think,say,believe等。2）此时关系词即使是做主语，也可省。2.插入状语从句和其它短语类的结构Politiciansshouldmoveslowlywhenitcom