2022考研复试口语特训讲义-翻译

2222考研复试口语特训讲义PAGEPAGE12022考研复试口语特训讲义复试口语翻译一、英译汉词汇：专有名词（国名、人名、大洲、大洋名）国：Vietnam越南Jordan约旦Afghanistan 汗Burma缅甸※音译 ：人名、地名、少量机构Beethoven Darwin PlatoSapir BoasGreenland Queensland York Amazon※直译 ：节日、大多机构、作品、专业术语HalloweenDayWHO（WorldHealthOrganization）NBASocialScienceRocktown Mr.Beans ※意译 ：文化历史地名、作品（电影艺术、俗语China Seoul Chinatown“1900” “Gonewiththewind” “AfterShock” “TheBetterTimes”Loveapple Blinddate音译为主，直译为辅，很少意译。一词多性Educationpays. 回报Isecondyou. 挺Believebeliefstudy研究同义多词homehomeprices房价homeandabroad 国内※homeofshopping天堂beathome自在beathomewithtranslation擅长语法Icameyesterday.Ilovedyoubefore.Thisisabeautifulgirl.Igiveyouabook.Youmakemesmile.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句词汇解决策略：四小微观技巧（上下文）elegantskin好皮肤elegantsystem好体系dealwithchallenge应对挑战dealwithadults 与成年人交流/打交道词序的调整(副词常放在动词/形容词前,时间优先)Ireallylovethegirlverymuch.※Perhapsneverbefore※2milliontonsayearin1953(名词及少量形容词若有动作含义，则转化为动词)Wearegreatreaders.Wearegoodswimmers.Mycampuslifeisfilledwithtears,laughter,sadness,happinessanddepression.ThestudyofhistoryTheemphasisonthetheoryThepursuitofhappiness词义的增减(抽象变具体)增：HotDryNoodlesaremustinWuhan.FindsolutionsMakepreparationsTopconcernEasetension减：In1997介词Adogisaloyalanimal.冠词Iamhappy.系动词Irun/go/get/become/ammad.语序：四大宏观技巧被动语态标志：done(bysth./sb.)Iamloved.你爱我Thewomanwaskilled.Isawawindowbrokenbytheboy.Thewindowisbroken.方法：增加主动：主语提前；增加虚指主语：人们；我们；大家；有人（物做主语，动作发出者非人）换：得到；受到；遭到；为...所；加以；得以定语和定语从句翻译标志：ndoing.../todo.../done.../adj.../prep...AboyrunningtomeThehomeworktofinishThewindowbrokenbyTomThewayusefulforyouThegirlinblue/oftheclass方法：还原至中心语前n+that/wh-地点/+wherewhenwhy方法：则直接顺译，需重复先行词Ilovemymotherwhoisbeautiful.Ilovemymotherwhoisateacher.状语标志：Doing.../todo.../done.../adj.../prep...方法：常放置就近句首或放在谓语前（时间状语优先）Iwasbornin1985.年我出生了。/1985年出生。状语从句标志：because/so...that（时间状语优先）若从句过长，则可以顺译，但需要重复连词过去：那时英文：（定语（定语状语（状语定语（定1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9语（状语）1010 1 3 2 4 6 5 7 9 8插入语,xxxx, (xxx) xxxx观点提前，逻辑提前Todayis, Ithink,cold.is,however,cold.really翻译四大步骤：1.通读全文，理解上下文主题2.逐句翻译，运用四大宏观技巧调整语序3.调整句内词语，运用四小微观技巧修改4.通读全句，调整翻译。二、汉译英难词直译（n.）;意译；意译+音译blacksheeploveapple 西红柿tomatokongfu SiheyuanauniquestyleoftraditionalChinesebuilding,whichiscalled“Siheyuan”inChinese.Quadrangle象形文字 七夕节day,whichiscalled“Qixi”inChinese.舞狮直liondance文化遗产直culturalheritage方言dialect意locallanguage皇家园林直royalgarden国花直nationalflower蜂拥意:gotogether/crowd(7幅员辽阔意alargearea士可杀不可辱意Ascholarcannotbehumiliated.不见不散意:Iwillwaitforyouuntilyouappear. Bethereorbesquare.出污泥而不染意Itkeepscleanandpureinthemud.难句(的)+名词adj./doing/done+n.+(of+n.)+doing.../todo.../done.../prep.../adj...三姑 六婆 inschoolin1999traditionalChinesefolkperformance2,000thehistoryover2000yearsdifferentdialects当地文化的一个组成部分acomponentofthelocalculturemanyChineseplaces状语：句子前后doing.../todo.../doneprep...伴随Iworkhard,topasstheCET4/6.※他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作。Theycooperateskillfully,imitatingthelion’svariousmovements.※中国幅员辽阔，人口众多。Chinaisverylarge,withabigpopulation.状语：句子前后,+新主语doing.../todo.../doneprep...伴随：独立主格Iamsinging,youdancing.Iamteaching,youlistening.Twoperformerswearthesamecostumeofthelion.Oneiswavingthehead,withtheotherwavingthebodyandthetail.增、减、换(唯一)谓语无——添加谓语（有/是）like谓语多——去掉多余动词 我是爱你的把多余动词转化为非谓语（doing/todo./done）断句（简；并；复）主语——动作发出者，无主语转化为被动※千百年来，创造了许多诗歌和绘画赞美牡丹。Inthousandsofyears,manypoemsandpaintingsare/havebeencreated,topraise/appreciatethepeony.牡丹培育和种植中国许多地方。ThepeoniesarecultivatedandplantedinmanyChineseplaces.三三”有”无生命/therebe伴随 ,with※地铁有安全、快捷和舒适的优点。2Therearesafe,convenientandcomfortableadvantagesofthesubway.Thereareadvantag