考研英语词汇讲义2

目录经济管理类词汇 1市场公司类词汇 7情感道德类词汇 10法律政治类词汇 26社会行为类词汇 33人文科技类词汇 38医疗健康类词汇（最后补充） 44经济管理类词汇经济管理类词汇经济管理类词汇经济管理类词汇PAGEPAGE1PAGEPAGE2经济管理类词汇经济管理类词汇EconomicEconomicdeclineEconomy（economic）EconomicdownturnEconomicdepressionEconomicrecessionEconomiccrisisEco-friendlyFinance/financialFinance/financial①Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.②Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.ofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto [D]theattractionoffinancialrewardsprofit/marginprofit/margin例句：②Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly"sortingmechanism"insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.③But"it'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit"profit=marginWordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountabilitycostcost成本，代价消耗花费例句：Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation例句：Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital—onlysubscription收入SalaryWageBonuspension例句：Politicianshaverepeatedly"back-loadedpublic-sectorpaydealskeepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerousCompensationtotheauthor，health-savingsplanswill[C]compensateforthereducedpensions.Fortune/wealth/possession/propertyFortune/wealth/possession/propertyFortunefortunateunfortunately例句：Unfortunately,despite2½yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.Wealth财富wealthy有钱的Possessionpossess=haveProperty和possession的差别不大Incentive/Subsidy/allowance/grantIncentive/Subsidy/allowance/grantIncentivewhichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstartSubsidy例句：Thetownsfolkdon'tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompanyAllowance例句：Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limitedallowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.Grant例句：federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990例句：Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.takeAforgrantedA是理所当然的valuevaluevaluableovervalue价值重视例句：yourwisdomishighlyvaluedbytheteam对…价值评估例句：Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpaynotthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Overvalue例句：Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanetwithaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.CurrencyCurrencyCurrentn.hardcurrencyCurrentadj.例题：Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows .Intoday'sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Capital(capitalism)Capital(capitalism)CapitalCapitalism例句：Itsincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom."FiscalFiscalFiscalpolicy例句：Finally,figuresclosetotheFrenchgovernmenthavemurmured,Eurozonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlaborcosts.Afford/affordableAfford/affordableAffordAffordable例句：Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.BudgetBudget预算例句：Today'sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus形容词廉价的dirt-cheap=budgetabudgettravelagentMonetary(policy/inflation/deflation)Monetary(policy/inflation/deflation)货币的MonetarypolicyStock/stock-market/share/shareholderStock是股票的意思 share是股份经济萧条/繁荣Depression/slumpGreatDepressionCrisisFinancialcrisis/housingcrisis/recallcrisisDecline衰退/downturn下行/recession不景气DeclineEconomicdeclineMoraldeclineMournfulDeclineofJournalismThefashionindustrywoulddecline.RecessionRecess例句：Meanwhile,astherecessionisloominglargepeoplearegettinganxiousStandstill/stagnationst表示“不动，稳定”】standardn.标准 standardize astandardizedexam 标准化测试（gauge/criteria）steadyadj. asteadyjobincreasestableadj.相对出现频率更高例句：theAfricanplateshasbeenstablefor30millionyearsstilladv. standstillestablishv. established establishing anestablishedsystem atraditionalsystemstagnant例句：RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill<str引申为力量>stressn. RestrainConstrain IamconstrainedinasmalltownFluctuation“动”fluctuatevtochangefrequentlythepriceofvegetablesfluctuatesseasonally.fluctuationn.frequentchangesintheamount,value,orlevelofsomethingfleev.Disintegration 分离分解separationIntegrateIntegrationIntegrity例句：Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly"sortingmechanism"insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.DisposableDisposablePoseAposeathreattoB例：poseathreattoallitspeersdisposedisposalatone'sdisposal例句：IamatyourdisposalDisposable例句：Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfew市场公司类词汇市场公司类词汇市场公司类词汇市场公司类词汇PAGEPAGE7PAGEPAGE8weeksBoom/booming/explosive/explosionBoom/booming/explosive/explosionBoomBabyboomEconomicboomBoomingdemandfor…explosive强调爆发的力度比较大OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20thcenturies.Flourishing/flourishFlourishing/flourish基本相同，很多情况中可以同义替换例：Aflourishing/thrivingindustryThesocialsciencesareflourishing=morepopularThrive/thrivingThrive/thriving兴旺，繁盛，增长例句：Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunionsthrivingSustainableSustainableSustain 维持，维系sustainthequalityofsomethingSustainable 可持续的（不要一次性消费完）Sustainability可持续性例句：Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy市场公司类词汇市场公司类词汇公司Firm 更加广泛的概念Corporation Company 更加具体的概念Enterprise private-enterprise私人企业名词公司 进取心Enterprisingspirit进取精神公司人员StuffEmployee/employerUnemploymentrate/under-employmentratePresident/chairman/boardManager/supervisorExecutives(CEO) CFO CTOShareholderRegulator/governanceRegulator/governanceRegulation=rule例句：Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012Governance=managementGovernment=TheWhiteHouse=TheWashington.DC/Federalgovernment例句：Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles，andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationgovernance，anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem-especiallyinAmerica-thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite：datainsecurityRedundancy(lay-off downsizing)Redundancy(lay-off downsizing)裁员，过甚，冗余reduceredundantrecoveryisamanagementissue，notatechnicalone.”hesays市场Market(marketer/marketing)monopolyProductProductiveProductionLabel/brandSell/sale/promotionSalefigure(peakbottom)PromotionPurchaurchasingpowerExchange/transactionRetailer零售商/wholesale批发商例句：averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail银行类词汇Bank/banking/banker/bankruptAccount/accountingAccount=depositAccountforAaccountforBCredit/creditcardCredit 信用学分intellectualcredit学术认证Credential 证书证件Mortgage=loan情感道德类词汇情感道德类词汇情感道德类词汇情感道德类词汇PAGEPAGE10PAGEPAGE11情感道德类词汇情感道德类词汇正面情感词汇VirtueVirtueVirtual VR=virtualrealityVirtually=almost例句：UnfortunatelythesecriticsarevirtuallyforgottenVirtuous美好的Virtuosity精湛的技艺，对艺术的爱好例句：TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosityEnviable/admired(admirable)Admirable受人尊敬的例句：ThegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirableEnviable令人羡慕的，令人欣赏的enviable=appreciation例句：Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherencewhilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanlivingQ：Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof？Approval(disapproval)ApproveAapproveB=AinfavorofB=AsupportBDisapprove不认可Approvedadj.被官方认可的approveddrugApproval/disapprovalSensibleSense感觉，感官也可以做动词 感知到例句：OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.Sensitive敏感的偏贬Sensitivity敏感 insensitivity麻木不仁 insensitivitytofashionSensible明智的例句：Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthemSentiment观点，哀伤Sentiment=concern=worrying=upsetBritainspublicsentimentaboutthecountryside…?FulfillmentFulfill=satisfy 满足，完成andrequirementsofFuturistpoetrycanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Fulfilling令人满足的Fulfillment 实现，满足感alltheillsofhumanityleadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforallConvince/persuasiveConvince beconvincedthat…Confidence confidential秘密的，亲密的例句：Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressurePersuade劝说Persuasion说服Persuasive有说服力的例句：ButonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcureRosenbergislesspersuasiveForesight 先见之明Foresighted有远见的例句：Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.forecastv.foreseeableheforeseeablefutureforemostadj.例句：Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccriticsastylist（语言风格优美的人）sowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Modest=unpretentious谦虚的考点例题：Q:TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois .influentialmodestrespectabletalented原文：EvenTommasiniwhohadadvocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimescallshim"anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”适中的，温和的，重要keepingthepayincreasesmodest例句：OnafivetothreevotetheSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigrationlawMonday—amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministrationModest=soft=mild=gentlePassionatePassion 热情enthusiastic Passionate passionateconsumersbepassionateaboutsthittofriendsDispassionate平静的，公正的GratitudeShowgratitudeforthing/to人GratefulBegratefulto+人/forthingEvenhoghhedyodayexpeenceofangkdscanbecushgyad,northeverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight."Sympathy/empathySympathy/empathysympathetic容易出现在选项中，作者态度或者观点同情，同情的（认同的）例题：Theauthorsattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof .satisfaction [B]skepticism [C]objectiveness [D]sympathyEmpathy 共感，同理心例句：Italsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.正面情感动词，均可转化为支持的意思FocusFocus=concentrate例句：artistsonlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbadunfocused例句：WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarIIAdvocate提倡倡导者例句：Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.Justify 证明…合理性Justice Justification 合理性正当理由Justified合理的，公正的reasonable legitimate例句：effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified例句：Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekMotivate = inspire（激励）Motive 动机（可褒可贬）Motivation 动机诱因（更多是指激励类的因素）例句：Whatmotivatedhimweweretounderstandwashiszealforfundamentalfairnessprotectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefitsAcknowledge（承认就是支持）Identify辨别辨认Identifywith ，认可Identification 认同认可Iidentifywithhisgoaladmit例句：Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehackingAlleviate（有减轻即为受到支持）减缓，减轻Reduce ease例句：ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaignAbsorb（吸收，吸引=认同=支持）例句：Peopleareabsorbedinto"acultureofconsumption"launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.”Preserve（保护，保存）Preservation conservation 差异不大例句：theseatisreservedforhimreputationwithherratherordinarygrannystyleReserveFuel燃油，燃料支持（常考词）communityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.Incline倾向于inclineto Inclination例句：Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeathsrecognize/recognitionrecognize=identify=awareof unrecognized=unawareof未察觉到的recognition 觉悟例句：recognizethelimitationsofadvertisementstrendinsportsthough,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.augment/elevate/bolster/strengthen点讲strengthen strength+en-名词前后加上en/em，转化成动词，核心词义不改变Title entitle entitlementRich enrich Light lighten enlightenBrace embraceDureadj.古英语 严苛的Endure endurable enduranceensure/assure（表支持）ensure物/that例句：Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlaborassure人+物assurance例句：Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.中性情感词Estimate(evaluate/assess/reckon)inAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirmUnder-estimate=overlook/over-estimate=overrate例题：However,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Q.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportantofeducationinpoorcountries[D]hasbeenoverestimated例题：Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion：thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverratedQ.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethattheroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.IntuitiveIntuitiveThissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfasnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Stunning/startling/marvelat=Outofexpectationoverrated.Marvel 漫威 神迹让人难以想象的事情MarvelousMiracle 人力所不能达到的高度Miraculous让人震惊的，出乎意料的例句：Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailiesEthical=moralEthical=moralMoralityEthicMoraldecline/moralcorruption/moralawareness/ethicaljudgementDemoralization道德败坏例句：Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Subtle/ambiguous/opaqueSubtle/ambiguous/opaque模糊的，常见考点词Uneasytorecognize=toosubtletorecognize例句：Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute例题：Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedbyits .uncertaintyandcomplexitymisconceptionanddeceptivenesslogicalityandobjectivitysystematicnessandregularityObjectiveObjectiveAdj.客观的N,目标goal impartialcontextofouruniquelifeexperience.achieve=do/makeachieve=do/makeachievethegoal例句：achieveabalancebetweentraditionandrealityHigh-achievers 精英elite intellectual知识分子例句：JohnDonahueatHarvard'sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachieverscommit=do commit=do 作动词的搭配总是坏事例句：commitacrimecommitsuicidecommitment 意思不同，为承诺 =promise（promising意思完全不同）例句：Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmentcontributecontributeto=do导致常出现在题干中Resultin leadto cause Contribution 贡献Attributeto 归结于owingto例句：Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfinesaddress=doaddress=doaddress 地址（不考）应对处理 dealwith copewith例句：Regrettably,however,thereport'sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.constitute=be(constitution/constituency)constitute=be(constitution/constituency)constitute构成，组成例句：nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotoristsinstitute建立，学院，机构（常考意思） institution 院，机构例句：constitution宪法，构成方式constituency选民obtain(contain/detain/sustain)obtain(contain/detain/sustain)=haveobtain acquire 获取obtainable 可得到的notbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontentsexert=haveexert=have施加同义词imposeExertion例句：There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehaviorrelease=have/dorelease=have/do释放，发布 issue例句：Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventorymorefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.AcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereportRelieve 释怀Relieved relieving例：pain-relievingmedicationusepoetrytorelievemodernstressdraw=havedraw=havedraw=attractdrawon 借用，利用例drawonourexperiencefromthepastdrawattentionto人吸引某人注意例usetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscienceDrawn 疲惫的drawnandtiredWithdraw 撤退退出reflect=bereflect=be例句：failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomyreflection 反应，思考reflective 反省的，深思熟虑的 草率的，粗心大意的例句：anunreflectivecareerchoicemayhurtyourfuture负面情感词Confused=puzzledQ. Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?Optimistic. [B]Confused. [C]Carefree. [D]Panicked.Pessimistic(optimistic)PessimismOptimismCriticalCriticCriticalCriticizeCriticism例句：Bankersfatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism例句：Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.ReluctanceReluctant=unwillingtodo例句：DespitethesefactorsmanysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblemsAggressiveAggressionAggressivenessAggressiveuseofdrugs积极用药Aggressivetreatment积极治疗Fragile/vulnerableFragment碎片Fragmentation碎片DelicateVulnerability=weakness 弱点例句：Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancyEmbarrassingEmbarrassAnembarrassingscandalEmbarrassment例句：Losingajobisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget负面情感动词overlook=overseeover- 过 passoveroverwork 过度工作overestimate 过度估计（高估）overlook 忽视例句：Akindofoverlookedinequality例句：Iplaincomplainto人/about+物complaint例句：Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday'seconomicclimateSuspicion/skepticalSkepticism例题：TheauthorsattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof .indulgence [B]understanding [C]appreciation [D]skepticismbotherbotherwith例句：unhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworldabandon=giveup例句：Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Discard=abandonDepart 离开离去 离职 departure 离去McGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugusthisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightupSplitup+物例：splittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunitsprohibit=inhibit=ban=suppress=forbidprohibit人+ from + 物例句：prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephonesban 考试中名词使用频率高例句：Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestohealthrefuse=refute=debate=argue=oppose=overturnrefuse refusalrefute dispute例句：HisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindisputeOppose opposite oppositionOverturn （法律中的推翻）例句：InArizonavUnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona'scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.degradegrade 分数，等级upgradedowngrade degrade例句：theoldmenconditionhasbeendowngradedfromcriticaltoserious例句：Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountabilityCompelling=enforceForce力，强迫Laborforce劳动力workforce 工人Forceto例句：Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit'sjustnotfair.Enforce enforcement 强制，实行，实施一般和政府或者法律关系比较大Congresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.Compel compelling例句：Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjobdo/make/be/have类的中性词极度负面情感词汇ManiaCrazy mad runoutofmind insane psycho lunatic例句：soccermadparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtimeattheannualpeakofsoccermaniaFearsomely=scaryBurdenBurdensomeFearFearsomeQuarrelQuarrelsome例句：Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhardIndulgent=obsessIndulgenceIndulge例句：TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekerslaziness.例句：Howeverasagrowingnumberofindividualsareaddictedto（沉溺于）theInternet,theyforgetdoingotherimportantworkandaregraduallyindulgedin（沉溺在）thevirtualworld,unwillingtogointotherealsocietybeobsessedwithObsession例句：Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher .obsessionwithhighfashionMock=contemptuousContempt嘲笑Contemptuous 的Paragraph1,whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheAAAS'sreport?Critical. [C]Contemptuous. Irony/ironical/sarcasm/sarcasticPrejudice/biasedBiased unbiased不偏不倚Q.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne'spreference？revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.GloominessGloomy法律政治类词汇法律政治类词汇法律政治类词汇法律政治类词汇PAGEPAGE26PAGEPAGE27例句：Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.ButsuchgloominessismisplacedOutrageWrathOutrageous愤怒的例句：monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivalsResentment例句：TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeScienceslaunchedthisyeartakesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude法律政治类词汇法律政治类词汇法庭类词汇courtcourtoflaw法庭federalcourt（统称，下设三个级别的法院）联邦最高法院（federalsupremecourtoftheUnitedStates）其次UScourtofappealforthefederalcircuit联邦巡回上诉法院（13个上诉法院，每一个管理若干个洲，有点类似中国的中级法院）court联邦地方法院（每一个洲都有自己的法院）trial审判=judgement/guilty有罪/innocent无罪①Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstand.Q37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that .[C]AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthechargejusticechiefjustice)/judge/jury陪审团/juror陪审员正义，公正（少出现，但是是考点）例句：Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountabilityJustice=integrity法官（常出现，但是不是考点）judge有区别（考研）judge是其他的情况下的法官evidenceevident=obvious=sounding例句：Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestooprosecute/prosecutor/prosecution/lawsuit起诉，诉讼attorney/lawyer defendant立法类词汇Legal/legislature/Legislative例句：In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionoftheplant'slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislaturesapproval.例句：Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatespowerlegalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.legitimate合理的，合法的例句：AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizesbothnewandoldaredistributed.党派词汇democraticDemocracy民主republican republic 共和党conservativeLabor四大党派讲一讲相互之间的关系就可以了Monarchy/successor/royal君主立宪制度帝王制 monarchyMonarch 帝王 KingandqueenSuccessor继任者Royalroyalty皇室移民+居民Immigrant 头是im 是移入ImmigrationEmigrate 开头是E，像EX 是移出Migrate migration 移民的总称呼，没有出入之分都是移民类词汇 ，在欧洲，移民是个大问题，美国也是，就是文化融入非常难美国或欧洲，大部分情况看到的都是immigration例句：Eachgreatwaveofimmigrationfromabroadandfromtheruralareasmadetheproblemworse.例句：Theadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn'twanttocarryoutCongress'simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.另外一组类似词Settler/dwellerSettle ，定居Settledown定居Settler移民殖民者Settlement解决Unsettling 难以释怀的Dwell 徘徊 dweller 居民，居住者例句：Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughterElisabeth,spokeoftheunsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions".例句：ItwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperiencearefreshingairRefuge/refugee 较惨的移民，比如欧洲Fug- 作为词根等同于flee 逃亡Fugitive 逃亡者 = refugeeRefuge避难所，避难ShelterCitizen/citizenry/citizenshipSeniorcitizen老年人例句：Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.Civil/civilservice/publicsector/civilserviceentranceexaminationCivil公民的，市民的，有礼貌的Civility=politeness 礼貌Civic城市的，公民的Tofulfillacivicroleinthecourt出庭作证 Civilization 文明Civilservice 行政事务，公务 publicsectorCivilservant 公务员例句：JohnDonahueatHarvard'sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.投票+选民Vote/voter投票投票人Votingright 投票权女权问题（feminism女权主义）Elect/electionElectlectselect 选择selection selective 精心选择的，淘汰的aselectivesystemcollect收集collection collective 共同的election 竞选，选举，当选例句：AtthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentimentPoll民意调查 投票数（不重要）例句：ArecentpollfindsamajorityofDutchvotersinfavorofleavingtheEUifthatwouldleadtomorejobsandgrowth.CandidateCand-有光亮的 candle 蜡烛Date作为词根有靠谱的意思Candidate 闪光的、靠谱的人，也就是候选人例句：ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.Campaign(camp)+lobby(lobbying)Camp 安营扎寨Campaign游行Lobby游说lobbygroup游说团体例句：UnderlobbypressureGeorgeOsbornefavorsruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewalAbolish/reformTheConservatives'planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizing"off-plan"buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobjectSlave/slavery/victimBy1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's17coloniesBureaucratic(bureau)Bribery/corruption/Scandal授权Authorize/author/authorization=Warrantunauthorized①JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Q.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto .preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontentssearchforsuspects'mobilephoneswithoutawarrantchecksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephonesEntitle(entitlement) beentitledto…被赋予Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.Guarantee'legitimaterighttobenefits.做名词IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyonadvertising,ithaschosenanindirectmethodthereisnoguaranteethatDNTbydefaultwillbecomethenormPrivilegeadherencetotheirprivileges.做形容词加（d）OntheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldtheCongresshaddeliberately"occupiedthefield"andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal'sprivilegedpowers.斗争，对抗Conflict/confrontationflict=strike本身是“打击”做名词conflict=confrontation ，一般是双方之间的since2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont'sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.本句不存在重要考点内容，when是时间状语从句，2002说明是细节AconflictwithBconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.（严格的，一丝不苟