SAT写作素材-美国教育

SATSAT必背要点：ItisageneralviewthateveryAmericanhastherightandobligationtobecomeeducated.Americanbelievethat,througheducation,anindividualacquirestheknowledge,skill,attitudesandabilitieswhichwillenablehimtofitintosocietyandimprovehissocialstatus.Educationhelpstoshapethesocietyanddevelopthenationalstrength。在美国，人们普遍认识是，每一个人都有受教育的权利和义务，通过受教育，人们可以更好的适应社会，提高自身的社会地位，教育有助于塑造社会，增强国家实力。（2000，46题，一句话回答）FormaleducationintheU.Sconsistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereducation,Elementaryandsecondaryeducation,whichformspubliceducationisfreeandcompulsory.美国正规的教育由初等，中等和高等教育组成，初等，中等教育属公立教育，是免费和义务的。InAmerican,therearemorepublicelementaryandsecondaryschoolsthatprivateones,whileprivatecollegesanduniversitiesoutnumberpublicones.在美国，公立中小学比私立多，而私立大学比公立大学多。UndertheTenthAmendmenttotheU.SConstitution,educationwasincludedamongtheresponsibilitieswhichwerereservedtothestatesorthepeople:.根据美国宪法第十修正案，教育是：保留给各州或人民：的责任之一。ThereisnotanationalsystemofeducationintheUnitedStates,Itisthestatethatestablishespoliciesfortheeducationwithinitsboundary,somanyvariationscanbefoundintheeducationsystemofthe50states.美国没有全国统一的教育体制，而是由各州为自己辖区内的学校制订50ElementaryandsecondaryeducationintheU.Scovers12yearsforages6through18,Allthestateshavelawsthatrequirechildrentogotoschool,generallyuntiltheageof16,unlesstheyareseverelyhandicapped126816InAmerican,thetotalsupportforpublicschoolsisabout186billionayear,about7%ofthegrossnationalproduct(GNP18507%。EachlocalschooldistrictofAmericanhasagoverningboardwhosemajorresponsibilitiesare1>thehiringofprofessionalandsupportstaff,2>determiningthemostsuitablelocalcurriculum,3>anddevelopingandapprovingabudgettocarryouteducationalprograms.Usuallytheboardofeducationemploysasuperintendentofschool,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficeratthelocallevel.每个地方学区都有一个由选民选举产生的管理委员会，它主要有三个职责，1。聘用教师和学校员工，2。决定适合当地的课程，3。制定和批准执行教育计划的预算，通常，教育委员会要选一位督学，作为地方一级的重要教育行政官员。ThetypicalorganizationalpatternforelementaryandsecondaryschoolsisthatofgradedschoolsUsuallytheelementaryschoolcoversgrades1-8andthehighschool9-12.美国中小18912ThereisacertaindegreeofsimilarityintheAmericanelementaryschoolcurriculum.Itmainlyconsistsofmasteryofthe“basics”suchasreading,writing,andarithmeticofmathematics.写作，和算术或数学等。HighereducationoftheU.SbeganwiththefoundingofHarvardCollegein1636.美国的1636（2001，22）ThesystemofhighereducationintheU.Shasthreeprincipalfunctions:teaching,researchandpublicservice.美国高等教育有三大职能：教学，研究，和公众服务。InAmerican,therearethebestresearchuniversitiessuchasHarvard,Yale,Princeton,ColumbiaandMITintheeast,aswellasStanfordandBerkeleyonthewestcoast.美国最好的科研型大学有位于东部的哈佛，耶鲁，普林斯顿，哥伦比亚，和麻省理工大学，位于西海岸的斯坦福大学和伯克利大学。Theadministrationofmostcollegesanduniversitiesisquiteseparatefromthatoftheschool.ButtherearethreeStateboardthatsetpolicyforeducationatalllevelsinrespectivestate,TheyaretheStateBoardsofNewYorkRhodeIslandandMichigan.大多数学院和大学的3（这三个州字头串起来是MRNew=牛先生）ExceptforsomecollegesponsoredbytheCatholicChurch,allcollegeanduniversitiesintheU.S,publicorprivate,aregovernedbyaboardoftrusteescomposedprimarilyoflaymen.除了一些由天主教会赞助的大学外，美国所有的大学都是由一个主要的由外行人员组成的托管委员会管理。Thecommunitycollegecallsforeducationtoservethegoodofboththeindividualandsociety.ItembodiesThomasJefferson’sbeliefthataneducationshouldbepracticalaswellasliberal.社区学院奉行教育既为个人又为社会服务的宗旨，它包含了托马斯。杰斐逊教育既是实用的又是自由这一信仰。Bythemid-1980s,awaveofeducationreformsweptthecountry.Thesereformhadtwofocuses:1>theraisingofthestandardsofteachingandlearning;2>therestructuringofthe8012》学校的结构改革。In1983,areportentitled“ANationAtRisk”wasissuedwhichcitedhighratesofadultilliteracy,decliningSATscores,thedeclineofeducationalstandards.Thereportputforwardfiveproposals.1983《危险中的国家》发表，引用了成人文盲比例高，学生技能下降，教育水准下降等例子，该报告提出了五点建议。OnApril18,1991,PresidentBushissuedhisplan”American2000:AnEducationstrategy”whichsetsixgoals.必背简答：WhatarethethreeprinciplefunctionsofthesystemofhighereducationintheU.S?teaching、researchandpublicserviceWhatistheguidingprincipleofcommunitycollege?Itishighereducationforeveryoneandthephilosophythatequalitymustequalopportunityforself-realizationandfortherecognitionofindividualdifferences.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanacademichighschoolandatechnicalhighschool?whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerunderthelocalboardofeducationinAmerica?Thesuperintendentofschoolsisthechiefexecutiveofficeratthelocallevel.whatarethethreetypeofAmericanhighschools?Theyarecomprehensive,academic,vocational,andtechnicalschools.whataretwofocusesofthereformsinthe1980swhenawaveofeducationreformsweptthecountry?(theansweris1717WhydoesthenumberofgraduateschoolenrollmentinAmericankeepclimbing?Becauseanadvanceddegreeisviewedasakeywaytomoveaheadpeople’scareers.Accordingtothereporten