大学英语教学课件：雅思语法

雅思语法讲解一、英语基本结构主语+谓语+（宾语）+（补语）+（状语）一、主语：句子的核心主体，通常位于谓语动词之前，表明一个句子是谁或何种情况所发出执行或是承受的。在雅思写作中常做主语的有名词、代词、主语从句、V-ing、Todo五种。1名词：Computersarenowbeingwidelyusedinalmostallfields.2代词：Wearenowlivinginaninformation-explosionera.3主语从句：Whethersportsstarsshouldearnahighsalaryisstilldiscussedheatedly.4V-ing:SurfingtheInternetoffersanewwayforpeopletorelaxthemselves.5Todo:Toprotecttheenvironmentiseverybody’sbusiness.二、谓语：描述或阐述主语的情况，由动词来充当，常位于主语之后。1表状态用系动词：AsIseeit,moviestars’earningahighsalaryisunfairandunjustified.2表动作用及物或不及物动词：TheInternethasrevolutionizedpeople’swayoflife.Tastediffers.3表拥有：人或物时用：havehas无生命的东西：therebePeoplehavedifferentviewsonthisquestion.Thereisnoabsoluteagreementonthisquestion.4情态动词+动词原形：Inthisway,teacherscanneverbereplacedbycomputers.三、宾语：及物动词或介词所指向的对象。在雅思写作中常做宾语的有名词、宾语从句、复合结构、V-ing、Todo五种。1名词作宾语：Internationaltourismpromotestheeconomicdevelopment.2宾语从句作宾语：Somepeopleholdthatairtravelshouldberestricted.3复合结构：Theadvancedmedicaltechnologyhasmadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerthaneverpossiblebefore.4V-ing:Nobodycanavoidbeinginfluencedbymedia.5Todo:Somepeoplewanttoworkforabigcompanywhileotherschoosetoworkforasmallone.二、基本句型的扩展：增添法◆用修饰语（用形容词、副词修饰）1.Weshallmakeconcertedeffortstosavetheendangeredwildanimalsfromextinction.(用形容词修饰名词)2.Thecollisionofremarkablydifferentculturesmakesthenewcomerdumbfounded.(用副词修饰形容词、副词或动词)◆用修饰短语扩展（在句子中增加介词短语，不定式短语，动名词和分词短语）1.Everyonemustpunchinatworkwithoutexception.(用介词短语扩展)2.Tobeeconomicallyprosperous,Chinawillcarryourmoreflexiblepoliciesofopeningtotheoutsideworld.(用不定式扩展)并列法：使用并列连词（and,but）或副词（furthermore,nevertheless,whereas,therefore等）从属法：各种从属句（主语从句，补语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，定语从句，状语从句）三、标点符号： 英语中没有书名号和顿号，书或文章的名字用双引号；冒号可以用于列举、解释、引语等,下面是冒号常见错误1.误：Theobstaclesbetweenthemandtheirgoalsare:substandardfacilities，toofewqualifiedstaff，andold-fashionedmethods．正：Threeobstaclesstoodbetweenusandourgoals:substandardfacilities，toofewqualifiedstaff,andold-fashionedmethods.2.误：Tome，themostimportantthingsinlifeare:health，happiness，goodfriends，andagreatdealofmoney.

正：Tome,themostimportantthingsinlifearethefollowing/asfollows:health,happiness,goodfriends,andagreatdealofmoney.

四、句子的多样性1.长短句交替：混合使用简单句，并列句和复杂句。2.句子开头多样化：不要总是用名词或人称代词作句子的开头。①形容词：Proudandrelieved,theywatchedtheirdaughterreceiveherdiploma.②副词：Hungrily,theboydevouredhislunch.③独立结构：ForeignstudentscomingtotheUnitedStates,theysufferfromcultureshock.④介词词组：Forbetterorworse,creditcardsarenowreadilyavailabletocollegestudents.⑤分词短语：Havingdecidedtoquithisjob,Robertbeganlookingforanotherone.⑥分词短语：LocatedonthewestcoastofGreatBritain,WalesispartoftheUnitedKingdom.⑦转承副词：Whatevermethodyouuse,cultivatethehabitoftakingnotes.3.词语变化：同一个词不要使用过于频繁，选择同义词或近义词。S+V+O+N(主语+动词+宾语+名词)1.InEnglishpeoplenamefatpeople__________________________.英语中肥胖的人被称为沙发土豆。2.PeoplecallTV____________________.人们把电视叫做白痴盒子。3.Weconsidertheinstallationofcameras____________________________.我们认为摄像头的安装是对人隐私的侵犯。4.Weconsider________________我们认为新闻审查制度是对言论自由的公然践踏。1.InEnglishpeoplenamefatpeoplecouchpotatoes

英语中肥胖的人被称为沙发土豆。2.PeoplecallTVanidiotbox

人们把电视叫做白痴盒子。3.Weconsidertheinstallationofcamerasaninfringementonpeople’sprivacy我们认为摄像头的安装是对人隐私的侵犯。4.Weconsidercensorshipabrazenencroachmentonfreedomofexpression

我们认为新闻审查制度是对言论自由的公然践踏。S+V+O+INFINITIVE1.Isincerelyinviteyoutoattendmy___thatistobeheldatChinaHotelnextSunday.我诚意邀请你参加下星期天我在中国大酒店举行的婚礼。2.Irequireyoutosendsomeone____assoonaspossible.我要求你尽快派人处理这棘手的问题。3.Wouldyouallowme_________?您可否让我跟您面谈我的个人情况呢?4.TheInternetenablesusto__thelatestinformationworldwide.互联网使我们很容易接触到全世界最新的资讯。5.Expertsadvisethegovernmenttodemolishtheoldhousesinthedowntownareato___.专家建议政府拆除市区里的旧房子来改善城市形象。1.IsincerelyinviteyoutoattendmyweddingthatistobeheldatChinaHotelnextSunday.2.Irequireyoutosendsomeonetodealwiththisthornyissueassoonaspossible.3.Wouldyouallowmetohaveanintervieww