国际经济学（双语）（山东联盟）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下山东工商学院

国际经济学（双语）（山东联盟）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下山东工商学院山东工商学院

绪论单元测试

全世界对于经济全球化的看法是一致的。

A:对B:错

答案:错

发达国家在同一阵营，彼此之间没有利益冲突。

A:错B:对

答案:错

经济全球化程度随着科学技术水平的提高而日益加深。

A:对B:错

答案:对

第一章测试

Sovereignnations:

A:MustbeconcernedwiththeinterestsofforeignerswhendevelopingeconomicpolicyB:Oftenignoretheinterestsofforeigners.C:MustcoordinatetheirmonetarypolicywiththeWorldBank.D:AresubjecttolawspassedbytheUnitedNations.

答案:Oftenignoretheinterestsofforeigners.

Politiciansdonoterectbarrierstotradewithothercountriesbecausetheyarealsoconcernedwiththewell-beingofforeigners.

A:错B:对

答案:错

Labormaybeinternationallymobile,butcapitalandlanddonotmigratefromonecountrytoanother.

A:对B:错

答案:错

国家的贸易政策是国家利益的体现，而国家利益是一国内部利益集团公共选择的结果。

A:错B:对

答案:对

资源在世界范围内的配置由大国的力量决定，大国可以凌驾于小国之上。

A:错B:对

答案:错

一国的贸易政策是动态变化的，国家与国家间的经济关系也是动态变化的。

A:对B:错

答案:对

第二章测试

Anincreaseindemandwillleadto:

A:AnincreaseinsupplyB:Adecreaseinproducersurplus.C:Anincreaseinprice.D:Afallinquantity

答案:Anincreaseinprice.

Allofthefollowingcanleadtoanincreaseinthedemandforicecream,anormalgood,EXCEPT:

A:Anincreaseinthepriceofpopsicles.B:A10%increaseinpopulation.C:Adecreaseinincome.D:Anewscientificstudythatfindseatingicecreamdoesnotcauseweightgain.

答案:Adecreaseinincome.

生产可能性边界的形状取决于该国的技术水平、资源禀赋以及两种商品之间的边际转换率。

A:错B:对

答案:对

机会成本可以用边际转换率表示，机会成本有三种状况，不变、递增、递减，分别对应不同形状的生产可能性边界。

A:对B:错

答案:对

机会成本是用Y表示的生产X的边际成本，相对价格是用Y表示的出售X的边际收益。

A:对B:错

答案:对

机会成本与相对价格之间的关系，如果机会成本小于相对价格，该国会扩大X的生产；如果机会成本大于相对价格，X的生产规模会缩小；两者相等时，是生产均衡点。

A:对B:错

答案:对

消费者的需要与需求不同。

A:错B:对

答案:对

消费者均衡实现取决于消费者的偏好组合与消费者的收入，消费均衡点相对价格不等于两种商品的边际替代率。

A:错B:对

答案:错

国际均衡价格处于两国封闭条件相对价格之间，超出这个范围，总有一个国家或者一种商品无法参与国际贸易。

A:对B:错

答案:对

贸易发生后，会（）

A:生产会调整B:消费会调整C:世界上只有一个价格：国际均衡价格

D:生产均衡点与消费均衡点不重合

答案:生产会调整;消费会调整;世界上只有一个价格：国际均衡价格

;生产均衡点与消费均衡点不重合

第三章测试

Mercantilistsbelievedthatanationwouldbenefitfromachieving

A:aneventradebalance

B:Asmuchself-sufficiencyaspossibleC:Atradedeficit,fundedbyloansfromothernations.D:apositiveorfavorabletradebalance

答案:apositiveorfavorabletradebalance

The

comparativeadvantagepriciplewasdevelopedby

A:KrugmanB:SamuelsonC:DavidRicardo.D:Ohlin

答案:DavidRicardo.

AdamSmithagreedwiththemercantiliststhatifonenationgainedbenefitsfromtradeitstradingpartnerwouldlose.

A:对B:错

答案:错

DavidRicardodevelopedtheprincipleofcomparativeadvantageshowingthat

A:anationmustbetheleast-costproducerofagoodinordertoexportthatitem.

B:

nonationcouldhaveanabsoluteadvantageinallgoods.

C:

inatwo-countryexample,onlyonenationcanhaveacomparativeadvantage.

D:evenanationthathaslowerproductivityinallgoodscanbenefitbyexportingtheiteminwhichitisrelativelylessinefficient.

答案:evenanationthathaslowerproductivityinallgoodscanbenefitbyexportingtheiteminwhichitisrelativelylessinefficient.

IfeachworkerintheUnitedStatescanproducereither40bottlesofwineor40yardsofclothingperhourandeachworkerintheUnitedKingdomcanproduceeither20bottlesofwineor10yardsofclothingperhour

A:theUnitedKingdomhastheabsoluteadvantageinbothproducts.B:Neithercountrycanbenefitbytradingwiththeother.C:

theUnitedKingdomhasacomparativeadvantageinwineproduction.D:

theUnitedStateshasacomparativeadvantageinwineproduction.

答案:

theUnitedKingdomhasacomparativeadvantageinwineproduction.

Itispossibleforonenationtohaveacomparativeadvantageineverythingandtheothernationtohaveacomparativeadvantageinnothing.

A:错B:对

答案:错

Anindifferencecurve

A:showsthedemandpreferencesofconsumers.

B:

indicateshowmuchlaboracountryhas.C:reflectstherelativecostsofproductionwithinanation.

D:showsthatmostpeoplereallyareindifferentaboutinternationaltrade.

答案:showsthedemandpreferencesofconsumers.

Anationmaximizessatisfactionbyreachingthehighestpossibleindifferencecurve,andintheabsenceoftradewillproducewhereitsproductionpossibilitiesscheduleistangenttoanindifferencecurve.

A:错B:对

答案:对

TheRicardiantheoryofcomparativeadvantagefocusesonlyonsupplyorcostconditions,andignorestheroleofdemandinexplainingtradepatterns.

A:错B:对

答案:对

Iftwonationsofveryunequalsizetradewitheachother,thetheoryofreciprocaldemanddemonstratesthatmostofthegainsfromtrade(afavorabletermsoftraderatio)willgotothelargernation.

A:对B:错

答案:错

IntheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,anation'scomparativeadvantageisbasedon

A:thenation'srelativeendowmentsofproductiveresourcessuchaslaborandcapital.B:tradebarrierssuchastariffsandquotas.

C:distancefromthenation'smostimportanttradingpartners.D:consumerpreferences.

答案:thenation'srelativeendowmentsofproductiveresourcessuchaslaborandcapital.

Thefactorendowmentsmodelpredictsthatinternationaltradewilltendtoequalizethepricesoftradeablegoodsamongnations,buttoincreasethewagegapbetweencapital-abundantandlabor-abundantnations.

A:对B:错

答案:错

Leontief's1954studyofU.S.tradepatterns,resultingintheLeontiefparadox,foundthat

A:theUnitedStateswasexportingmostlycapital-intensiveproducts.B:U.S.tradevolumedeclinedeventhoughU.S.GDPhadbeenrising.C:

theUnitedStateswastradingmorewithdistantthanwithnearnations.

D:U.S.exportswerelabor-intensivecomparedwithU.S.

imports,eventhoughtheUnitedStateswaswidelyregardedasarelativelycapital-abundantnation.

答案:U.S.exportswerelabor-intensivecomparedwithU.S.

imports,eventhoughtheUnitedStateswaswidelyregardedasarelativelycapital-abundantnation.

Intra-industrytradetheory

A:assumesthattransportationcostsdonotexist.

B:explainswhytheUnitedStatesmightexportautosandimportclothing.

C:

ignoresseasonalconsiderations.

D:explainswhycountriesexportandalsoimportdifferentiatedversionsofthesameproduct,suchasdifferenttypesofautos.

答案:explainswhycountriesexportandalsoimportdifferentiatedversionsofthesameproduct,suchasdifferenttypesofautos.

Industriesinwhicheconomiesoflarge-scaleproductionareimportant

A:provideadditionalcostincentivesforspecializationandtrade.

B:tendtonotparticipateininternationaltrade.

C:encourageeachnationtoproduceafullrangeofproductswithinsuchindustries.D:reducethepotentialgainsfromtrade.

答案:provideadditionalcostincentivesforspecializationandtrade.

第四章测试

对每件衬衣征收两美元的关税属于

A:从量关税B:从价关税C:出口关税D:混合关税

答案:从量关税

Animporttariffis

A:ascheduleofapprovedratesorpricesforimports.B:agovernmentprohibitionagainstimportsofcertainsensitiveproducts.

C:aquantitativerestrictiononimports.

D:ataxleviedonanimportedproduct.

答案:ataxleviedonanimportedproduct.

Ataxof10percentonimportsofshoeswouldbeanexampleofaspecifictariff.

A:错B:对

答案:对

Ifacountryplacesa10percenttariffonimportsofshoesanda5percenttariffonimportsofallmaterialsrequiredformakingshoes,theeffectiverateofprotectionprovidedfortheshoemakingindustrywillbe

A:between10percentand5percent,dependingontheimportanceofimportedmaterials.B:

higherthan10percent.C:5percent.

D:10percent.

答案:

higherthan10percent.

Thesmallnationmodelforestimatingwelfareeffectsoftariffsappliesto

A:nationsthataresmallerthantheirmajortradingpartners.B:nationsthatarepricetakers,toosmalltoaffectthroughtheirownsupplyordemandthetradingpriceoftheparticularproductinquestion.

C:nationswithpercapitaincomelevelsbelow$500peryear.D:nationsthatpopulationsbelowtenmillionpeople.

答案:nationsthatarepricetakers,toosmalltoaffectthroughtheirownsupplyordemandthetradingpriceoftheparticularproductinquestion.

Ifanationfittingthecriteriaforthesmallnationmodelimposesa10percenttariffonimportsofautos

A:thepriceofautoswithinthenationwillrisebymorethan10percent,becauseofhigheffectiveprotection.B:thepriceofautoswillnotrisebecauseofinternalcompetition.

C:

thepriceofautoswithinthenationwillriseby10percent.

D:thepriceofautoswithinthenationwillrise,butbylessthan10percentbecauseitisasmallnation.

答案:

thepriceofautoswithinthenationwillriseby10percent.

Theredistributiveeffectofatariffrefersto

A:redistributionofprofitsfromforeignproducerstodomesticproducers.

B:thehigherprofitsreceivedbydomesticproducersattheexpenseofconsumers.

C:thefundstransferredtodomesticproducerstocompensatefortheirrelativeinefficiency,comparedwithforeignproducers.

D:thetariffrevenuegoingtothedomesticgovernment.

答案:thehigherprofitsreceivedbydomesticproducersattheexpenseofconsumers.

Anationthatcreatesatariffhighenoughtopreservethedomesticmarketentirelyfordomesticproducerswillalsobenefitfromsignificanttariffrevenue.

A:对B:错

答案:错

Ifa

largenation

imposesanimporttariff

A:

thedomesticpriceoftheproductwillincreasebymorethanthetariffitself.B:thenationwillgainstaticwelfareifthebenefitfromforcingforeignproducerstoreducetheirexportpriceexceedstheprotectiveeffectplusthedeadweightlossfromthetariff.

C:theeffectsonthenation'stradingpartnersprobablywillbetoosmallforthemtonotice.D:thewelfarelosstothenationwillbelargerthaninthesmallcountrymodel.

答案:thewelfarelosstothenationwillbelargerthaninthesmallcountrymodel.

Animportquotaisanontarifftradebarrierthat

A:rewardsfirmsformeetingorexceedingtheirsalesquotas.B:placesalimitonthequantityofgoodsthatmaybeimported.

C:placesapercentagetaxoncertainimports.D:placesaspecificdollaramountoftaxoncertainimports.

答案:placesalimitonthequantityofgoodsthatmaybeimported.

Toavoidtheuncertaintyaboutwhichforeignnationswillbeallowedtoexporttoanationusingquotarestrictions,thatnationislikelytoimplementa

aselectivequota.

A:对B:错

答案:对

Animportquotawillnotraisethedomesticpriceoftheproductaswouldatariff,becauseitisnotataxonimports.

A:错B:对

答案:错

Healthandsafetystandardsestablishedbynationalgovernmentscannotbeconsiderednontarifftradebarriers.

A:对B:错

答案:错

第五章测试

Ina“first-best”world:

A:Freetradeisnotoptimal.B:

Freetradeharmseveryone.C:

Freetradeiseconomicallyefficient.D:

Freetradebenefitseveryone.

答案:

Freetradeiseconomicallyefficient.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?I.Ifyoungfirmsarestrugglingtoobtainfundingfromunderdevelopedfinancialmarkets,themostefficientpolicysolutionwouldbeaproductionsubsidy.II.Ifyoungfirmsarestrugglingtoretaintheirtrainedworkers,thengovernmentshouldofferasubsidytooffsetthecostsoftrainingworkers.III.Infantindustrytariffsarelesslikelytoberemovedthaninfantindustrysubsidies.

A:

IandIIB:

IIonlyC:

IIandIIID:Ionly

答案:

IIandIII

Whichofthefollowingargumentsforprotectionstatesthatimport-competingfirmsthatarestrugglingtostayinbusinessshouldbeprovidedprotectioninordertomaintainjobsandcontinuedomesticproduction?

A:Thedyingindustryargument.B:Theinfantindustryargument.C:Thenationaldefenseargument.D:Thedevelopinggovernmentargument.

答案:Theinfantindustryargument.

Afree-tradearearemovestradebarriersbetweenmembercountries,butallowsthemembercountriestomaintaintheirowntradebarriersagainsttradewithnonmembercountries.

A:对B:错

答案:对

Intheabsenceofanyotherdistortion,atariffwillcreateadistortion,butagovernmentsubsidywillnotcreateadistortion.

A:对B:错

答案:错

Themostfavorednation(MFN)principlestatesthatanytradeconcessiongiventoanyforeigncountrymustbegiventoallothercountrieshavingthesameMFNstatus.

A:对B:错

答案:对

Tradecreationisthevolumeoftradethatisredirectedfromlow-costexporterstohigher-costtradeblocmembercountries.

A:对B:错

答案:错

Theinfant-industryargumentforprotection

A:showsthattariffsprovidetheonlyeffectivemeansofsupportingnewindustries.

B:advocatestheshieldingofnewindustriesfromimportsuntiltheyhavegrownstrongandefficientenoughtowithstandthecompetitionfromforeignproducers.

C:advocatesthateachnationprovidetariffprotectionforthedomesticmanufacturingofproductsusedbyinfants,tohelpeachnationpreserveitsownuniqueculturalidentity.

D:dvocatespermanenttariffprotectionfornewindustries.

答案:advocatestheshieldingofnewindustriesfromimportsuntiltheyhavegrownstrongandefficientenoughtowithstandthecompetitionfromforeignproducers.

第六章测试

自2018年开始的本轮中美贸易争端，主要原因是：

A:

中国部分市场（如金融、电信、互联网等）未充分开放B:

中国实际上已超越美国中国对美国企业知识产权保护不足C:

中国对美国货物贸易长期存在较大顺差D:

中国实际上已超越美国

答案:

中国部分市场（如金融、电信、互联网等）未充分开放;

中国实际上已超越美国中国对美国企业知识产权保护不足;

中国对美国货物贸易长期存在较大顺差

后发国家的贸易战略主要包括：

A:

出口导向B:

战略性贸易政策C:公平贸易政策D:

进口替代

答案:

出口导向;

进口替代

进口替代战略所依据的一个重要理论是“幼稚产业理论”。

A:错B:对

答案:对

关于进口替代战略的不足之处，下列说法正确的是：

A:一旦投资只因为关税和配额而有利可图的活动，任何取消这些限制的企图一般都受到强烈抵制。B:因为在受保护工业中使用的资源本来可以用于其他地方;保护与进口竞争的生产者会自动歧视所有其他行业，包括潜在的出口行业。C:国内产业由于受到贸易限制的保护而免受国际竞争，因此它们没有提高效率的动机。D:由于许多发展中国家的国内市场规模较小，制造商无法利用规模经济，因此单位成本较高。E:进口替代还容易滋生腐败。

答案:一旦投资只因为关税和配额而有利可图的活动，任何取消这些限制的企图一般都受到强烈抵制。;因为在受保护工业中使用的资源本来可以用于其他地方;保护与进口竞争的生产者会自动歧视所有其他行业，包括潜在的出口行业。;国内产业由于受到贸易限制的保护而免受国际竞争，因此它们没有提高效率的动机。;由于许多发展中国家的国内市场规模较小，制造商无法利用规模经济，因此单位成本较高。;进口替代还容易滋生腐败。

多数经验研究表明，采取进口替代战略的国家比采取出口导向战略的国家有更持久的经济增长和更高的增长率。

A:对B:错

答案:错

出口导向战略的优点包括：

A:通过提供更大的（面向国际的）销售市场，它们使国内制造商有更大的空间来利用规模经济B:它鼓励发展中国家可能具有比较优势的产业，如劳动密集型制成品C:通过保持对进口商品的低限制，它们对国内企业施加了竞争压力，迫使它们提高效率

答案:通过提供更大的（面向国际的）销售市场，它们使国内制造商有更大的空间来利用规模经济;它鼓励发展中国家可能具有比较优势的产业，如劳动密集型制成品;通过保持对进口商品的低限制，它们对国内企业施加了竞争压力，迫使它们提高效率

中国经济4