Unit5 Words and Expressions 重点单词详解课件-2023-2024学年高中英语同步备课堂（人教版2019）（选择性必修第一册）

Unit5

WordsandExpressions1.devote

v.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于__________n.奉献；忠诚；深爱核心用法①

devoteone’slife/time/money/energyto(doing)sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.献身于/致力于/专心于做某事②

devoted

adj.忠诚的；深爱的投入的(committed)adevotedfather

bedevotedto...对……忠诚；深爱……

devotion1．Hetoldusthattherewerenearlythreehundredteachers___________themselvestoteachingintheschool.他告诉我们学校有将近300名老师致力于教学工作。2．___________tohisscientificresearch,hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily.他致力于他的科研工作，没有时间与家人共度周末。

devotingDevoted常考察devotingoneselfto...或devotedto...常在句中作状语、补语或定语。表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：beabsorbedin，belostin，beburiedin，focuson

;beoccupiedin，concentrateon，fixone’sattentionon

[即学即练]单句语法填空①Myparentsareconsidering________(buy)acomputer,whichisconsidered________(be)ofgreathelpwithmyworkandstudy.②CharlesChaplinisconsidered__________(make)agreatcontributiontothefilmindustry.③Billconsiders________harmfultostayuplateinthenight.

语境助记Ihavenever__________changingmypresentjobbecauseIlikeit.What'smore,ateacheris__________generally

tobeagardenerandisrespectedbyothers.我从来没有想过要改变我现在的工作，因为我喜欢这份工作；更重要的是，人们普遍认为老师是园丁，而且(老师)受人尊敬consideredconsidered1.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失最大。2.Theyweresufferingbecauseofaseriousshortageofdoctorsandnurses.

由于医护人员严重短缺，他们备受病痛折磨。3.Thefamilywasshortofeventhebarenecessitiesoflife.

那家人甚至没有最起码的生活所需。2.shortagen.不足；缺少；短缺核心用法①

food/water/housingshortages食物/用水/住房短缺

ashortageof缺乏②

shortadj.不足的；缺乏的

beshortof缺乏，不足

inshort总之；简言之①A

(short)offundsispreventingtheUNfrommonitoringrelief.②

short,Ilikeonlinereadingmorethanpaperreading.③Thegoingwasslowontheproject

skilledworkers.这项工程进展缓慢，因为缺少熟练的工人。

shortageInbecauseofashortageof即学即练3.convincev.使相信；使确信；说服_________adj.令人信服的（物）

___________adj.确信的；坚信的（人）convincingconvinced

核心用法convincesb.ofsth.使某人确信/明白某事convincesb.that...使某人相信……convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事

beconvincedof...(某人)坚信……beconvincedthat

(某人)坚信……[即学即练]单句语法填空①You'llneedtoconvincethem________yourenthusiasmforthejob.②Ithinkyoucanhelpmeconvincemyfather________(leave)．③__________(convince)thathewaswrong,hefeltverysad.④She'llcookupa__________(convince)explanationforherfailure.⑤I'm________(convince)thatheisnottellingthetruth.4.attainv.(通常经过努力)获得；得到_______________adj.可获得的；可达到的______________n.达到；成就attainable①Greatachievementscan’t

(attain)unlessoneconcentratesonwhatheisdoing.②Ifthesolutionsareso

(attain),whyhaven’twereachedthemyet?③The

(attain)ofhisambitionswasstilladream.语境串记Hehadthoughtthegoalwaseasily_________,buthedidn’t__________itforlackofworkexperience.Soheconsidersthegoaltobe__________forhimatpresent.他原以为这个目标容易达到，但由于缺乏工作经验，他没有达到。所以目前他认为这个目标对他来说是无法实现的。be

attainedattainableattainment即学即练unattainableattainableattainattainment5.assumption

n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得_______________

v.假定；假设；承担；假装assume核心用法①

ontheassumptionthat...假定……makeassumptions/anassumption(about)对…作出假设/假定；认为②

assumesb./sth.(tobe)+adj./n假定/认为某人/某事(为)……Itisassumedthat...人们认为……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe___________(assume)you'vemade.②Websitesandsocialnetworkstrackyourlocationandsearchhistoryandmakeassumptions________yourage,raceandsex.③Whatwillyoudo________theassumptionthatyoucan'tbeathiminthefirstroundofthematch?6.expand

v.扩大；增加；扩展；发展(业务)_______________n.扩大；扩张；扩展expansion核心用法expand...into...

把……扩展/发展成……expandinto...

发展成/扩大成……expandon/uponsth.

细说(阐述)某事1.Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.金属受热会膨胀。2.WehaveplanstoexpandthebusinessintotheUSAmarket.

我们计划把业务扩展到美国市场。3.Thenarrowpathinthevillagewasexpandedintoawideroad.

村里的狭窄小路被拓宽成了一条大道。4.Inotherwords,hedidnotwanttoexpandgreatlyonhisstatement.

换句话说，他不想就他的声明多加解释。5.Thebookisanexpansionofaseriesoflecturesgivenlastyear.

这本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。①Hissmallbusinesseventuallyexpanded

abusinessempire.②Withthedevelopmentofthecityandmoreandmorepeoplemovingintoit,thecity

(expand)severaltimesinsizerecently.③Therapid

(expand)ofcitiescancausesocialandeconomicproblems.④YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithout

ofthefields.袁隆平在不扩大土地面积的情况下寻求稻米增产的途径。intohas

expandedexpansionexpandingthe

area即学即练单句语法填空①(2019·江苏宿迁期末)Oceanplasticisestimated__________(kill)millionsofanimalseveryyear.②(2021·上海市西南位育中学期中)______isestimatedthatthenumberoftouristswhotravelabroadhasdoubledinthepastdecade.完成句子③我估计他的年龄大约30岁。I_______________________about30．④据估计，这项工程将持续四年。______________thattheprojectwilllastfouryears.7.estimate

v.估计；估价；估算

n.估计；估算核心用法①

estimatesth.atsth.

估计……有……

beestimatedthat...

据估计……

beestimatedtobe...

估计……②

byestimate按照估计

belowestimate低于估计estimatehisagetobe

Itisestimated

tokill

It

8.comprisev.包括；包含；由……构成(不用于进行时态)becomprisedof包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)1.Thehousecomprisestwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.包含comprise=consistsof=Thehouseconsistsof

twobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.这座房子包含有两间卧室、一间厨房和一间起居室。例如“这座有两间卧室、一间厨房和一间起居室的房子已经出售”：Thehouse__________(comprise)twobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroomhasbeensold.Thehouse__________(consist)oftwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroomhasbeensold.consistingcomprisingcomprise,consistof作后置定语无被动，用doing形式(belongto;measure)becomprisedof=bemadeupof由……构成2.Thecommitteeiscomprisedof

tenmembers.委员会由10名成员组成。=Thecommitteeismadeupof

tenmembers.①Farmers

(comprise)just12percentofthecountry’spopulation.②Theclassiscomprisedmainly

ItalianandFrenchstudents.③Lifeconsists

notonlysunshinebutalsostorms.④Theprogramme

thefollowingactivities:

recitation,singing,wordspelling,storytellingandsoon.

compriseofofis

comprised

of即学即练[即学即练]一句多译委员会由知名的登山运动员组成。①________________________________________________________②________________________________________________________③________________________________________________________④________________________________________________________9.extension

n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机_______v.使伸长，扩大；延长，延期；伸展

extend核心用法①

byextension引申，再则②

extendvt.

使伸长，扩大；延长，延期；伸展

extendafence/road/house扩建护栏/公路/房子

extendadeadline/visa延长最后期限/签证1.Thebankplansvariousextensionstoitscreditfacilities.银行计划多方面扩展信贷服务。2.Thisisaplannedthree-storeyextensiontotheschool.这是计划在学校增建的一栋三层的楼。3.Thereareplanstoextendtheno-smokingarea.现正有扩大无烟区的计划。①The

(extend)ofthesubwaywilltakeseveralmonths.②Thecompanyplans

(extend)itsoperationsintoEurope.③Wehavegot

extensiontofinishwritingourpapers.④Theblamelieswiththeteachersand,

,withtheEducationService.应受指责的是教师，再则就是教育机构。extensionto

extendanby

extension即学即练10.inturn

相应地；转而；依次；轮流拓展短语byturns轮流taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事inreturn作为回报1.Theserulesdemonstrateourrespectforothersandinturngiveusthegiftofself-respect.这些规范表达了我们对他人的尊重，也转而赋予我们自重的能力。2.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.Inreturn,weexpectstudentstoworkhard.我们给自己的学生提供优质的教育。作为回报，我们希望学生能够努力学习。①Ifyouputeffortintoit,

turn,youwillgetrewardfromit.②Leavinghomeforthefirsttime,hefeltcheerfulandsad

turns.③Ithinkit’smyturn

(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.④Theyoungparentshadtotaketurns

(look)aftertheirsickbaby.⑤Thechangeoftheclimatemakestheearthwarmer.

,thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate,too.

气候的变化导致全球变暖。相应地，地球的升温也在改变气候。inbyto

driveto

lookIn

turn即学即练1.Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook.2.Proteindigestsslowly.3.Thisisadigestoftheweek’snews.4.Doyouknowthattoomuchteaisbadforyourdigestion?11.digest

v.消化.领会；领悟

n.摘要；文摘_____________n.消化(advocetepredict)haveagood/poordigestion

digestion①Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefood

(digest).②

(digest)beginsinthemouthwiththeactionofsaliva(唾液).③Theorganizationpublishes

regulardigestofenvironmentalstatistics.④Asthesayinggoes,readingwithoutreflectingislikeeating

.俗话说，阅读不思考好比吃饭不消化。

todigestDigestionawithoutdigesting即学即练12.essentialadj.完全必要的；极其重要的(necessary)核心用法beessentialto/for对……很重要(vitalcrucial)Itisessentialforsb.todo...对某人来说做……是完全必要的Itisessentialthat...(should)do...

做……是完全必要的(necessary)1.Sunandwaterareessentialtothegrowthofcrops.阳光和水是作物生长不可或缺的。2.Itisessentialforhigh-newtechnologycompanytostrengthencompetitivepower.

增强竞争力对高新技术企业来说非常重要。3.ItisessentialthatyoushouldgetavisabeforeyoutraveltotheUSA.

到美国旅游之前拿到签证是必不可少的。①Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.Itis

essentialpartofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbecome.②Itisessentialforus

(set)ourgoalrealistically.③Itisessentialthatyou

(learn)Chinesehistory.④Thesewordsandgrammar

everybodytolearnEnglish.这些词和语法对于每一个学英语的人来说都是必备的。anto

set(should)

learnare

essential

for即学即练13.alternative

n.可供选择的事物

adj.可供替代的；非传统的_____________adv.可供选择地alternatively核心用法analternativeto...

……的替代品havethealternativeofdoingsth.有做某事的选择；可以做某事havenoalternativebuttodosth.=havenochoicebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事（n）1.Eitheralternativeiscorrect.(两种选择中)不论哪一个选择都是正确的。2.Allthealternativeroutesaregiventocardriversbycomputers.

所有可供选择的路线都由计算机显示给汽车司机。3.WehadnoalternativebuttofireGibson.

我们别无他法，只能辞退吉布森。

alternativeenergy可替代能源①Minibuseswithseatsoffer

alternativetoexpensivetaxisandcrowdedpublictransport.②Thepolicehadnoalternativebut

(set)themanfreewithoutenoughevidence.③Wecoulddrivealltheway.

(alternative),wecouldfly.④Inordertosucceed,we

failurebravelyandlearnfromit.

为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。anto

setAlternativelyhave

no

alternative

but

to

face即学即练14.depthn.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)__________adj.深的；深沉的；专心的

adv.在深处；深深地___________adv.深深地；非常地____________v.(使)变深；加深deependeepdeeplydeep和deeply均可以用作副词，deep表示具体的“深”，而deeply表示抽象含义（感情）。核心用法

indepth全面地；深入地；仔细地inthedepthsof在……深处①Thegoldliesdeepintheearth.黄金埋藏于地下深处。②Hewentonstudyingdeepintothenight.他一直学习到深夜。③Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurthimdeeply.我那些愚蠢的话一定深深地伤害了他。与“deep—depth—deepen”变形相似的词还有:adj.widelongstrongbroadn.widthlengthstrengthbreadthv.widenlengthenstrengthenbroaden①Thesubmarineliesata

(deep)of6,000feetintheBarentsSea.②I’moccupiedwiththeresearch,soIhaven’tlookedatthereport

depthyet.③Atclosetoametrein

(long),it’soneoftheworld’slargestsquirrels.④Thereuniondinnerhelps

(deep)familytieswhiletheexchangeofgiftsandgreetingsenhancerelationsbetweenfriends.⑤

mymemory,manythingsIdidwithmyfatherstilllive.在我记忆深处，我与父亲一起做过的很多事仍然历历在目。depthinlengthdeepenInthedepthsof15.root

n.根；根茎；根部；根源

v.(使)生根；翻寻核心用法①

takeroot生根；植根；深入人心have(one’s)rootsin根源于；原因是②

rootin扎根于berootedin根植于1.Ipulledtheplantupbytheroots.我把这棵植物连根拔起。2.Money,orloveofmoney,

issaidtobetherootofallevil.

有人说钱或爱钱是万恶之源。3.Fortunately,militarismfailedtotakerootinEuropeasawhole.幸运的是，军国主义没有能够深入整个欧洲。4.Trytorootthisplantinthegarden.想办法使这个植物在园子里生根。①Flamencohasitsroots

Arabicmusic.②Beinggentle

is

(root)inthe