新起点大学英语第1单元讲稿

Unit1FoodandDrinksBeforeReading1.1.1Directions:Whatdoweeatinourdailydiet?Namethefollowingfoodanddrinks.Fruits,corn,fish,eggs,carrots,tomatoes,cucumber,cabbage,Sweets,chocolate,potatochipsRice,dumplings,noodles,cake,pizza,hamburgerCoffee,milktea,juice,Whisky,ram,liquor,vodka,cocktailVegetablescabbage,carrot,tomato,bean,garlic,pepper,cucumber,broccoli,onion,cauliflower,pumpkin,mushroomFruitapple,mango,pear,cherry,strawberry,lemon,coconut,peach,watermelon,lychee,pineapple,grapeMeatpork,beef,lamb,chicken,turkey,mutton,,fish,seafood1.1.2Directions:Whatfoodsarehealthyforusandwhatarejunkfood?Junkfood/Healthyfoodfriedchicken,chocolates,ice-cream,sugar,chips…Fruits,vegetables,fish,meat,noodles,dumplings…1.1.3WhatdoyouknowaboutwesternfoodandChinesefood?中国快餐(Chinesefastfood)烧饼Clayovenrolls 油条Friedbreadstick水饺Boileddumplings 馒头Steamedbuns皮蛋1000-yearegg 咸鸭蛋Saltedduckegg豆浆Soybeanmilk 稀饭Riceporridge蛋炒饭Friedricewithegg 地瓜粥Sweetpotatocongee馄饨面Wontonandnoodles 米粉Ricenoodles臭豆腐Smellytofu 蛋卷Eggrolls绿豆糕Beanpastecake 肉丸Rice-meatdumplings 西餐(Westernfood)Salad沙拉(凉拌菜)Fishpie鱼馅饼Roastbeef烤牛肉Steak牛排Crackers咸饼干Mashedpotato土豆泥Cheese乳酪Porkchop猪排Chocolatepudding巧克力布丁McDonald麦当劳Hotdog热狗Pizza比萨(意大利烘馅饼)Sandwich三明治Sausage香肠Ketchup番茄酱Doughnut面包圈Hamburger汉堡包Milkshake奶昔1.1.4GameTimeDividethestudentsintogroupsoffive.Givethefirststudentawordaboutfood,lethim/hertrytorememberitandspellitsecretlytothenextone.Ifthefifthstudentspellthewordcorrectly,thentheteamgetsOnescore.TheteamthatscoresTenfirstwillwin.mushroom蘑菇asparagus芦笋broccoli椰菜,花茎甘蓝lettuce莴苣celery芹菜cauliflower花菜cherry樱桃garlic蒜gingerroot姜tangerine橘子pomegranate石榴chillipepper尖椒persimmon柿子1.2Video-watching1.2.11.2.2.Whatdoesthedishremindthelong-faced1.2.3.DoyoubelievethateGlobalReading2.1Directions:Scanthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Howdoyouunderstandfastfood?2.Whatisthekeytosuccessofthefastfoodchains?3.Whatfactorsinfluencepeople’sdietingpreferences?4.Whatisthepurposeoftheextensiveresearchconductedbyfastfoodcompanies?5.Inparagraph4,whatdoes“sideorder”mean?6.WhatisThailand’sfavoritefastfood?7.InIndia,whyarethebeefandporknoteaten?8.WhatdoburgerchainsofferintheUnitedStates?9.WhatisthesituationofdiningoutinRussiabeforethechainrestaurantsopened?10.Canyoulistsomelocalfavoritesinyourhometown?2.2TextStructurePartDivisionMainIdeasI1—2FastfoodchainsaresuccessfulandtheirkeytosuccessistailoringfavoriteMuslimdinner.AndwhatdohamburgerrestaurantsserveincountrieslikeJapan,wherepeopleprefertoeatfish,sushi,andrice?It’ssimple:theyofferahotfriedshrimpburgerwithasideorderofsteamedriceinsteadofFrenchfries.BurgerchainsofferlocalfavoritesthroughoutAsia.KoreanburgersareporkpattiescookedinatraditionalKoreanbarbecuegarlicsauce.Taiwanesedinersfavorspicychickendrumsticksandwiches,inlinewiththeirtastesforspicyfoodanddarkmeat.Thailand’sfavoritefastfoodisaspicyporkburgerandagreenteapiedessert.ChildreninSpainordertapas,alotofsmallbitesoflocalfoodfavorites,attheirlocalburgerrestaurant.AustraliaandNewZealandrestaurantsreflectlocalfoodpreferencesbyaddingegg,bacon,beetroot,andcheesetoburgers.InIndia,cowsareconsideredsacredandareneverkilled.BeefandporkarenoteatenasthiswouldbeaseriousoffencetoHindubeliefs.BurgersellersfacedahugechallengeindesigningmenusforIndians.AlocalIndianfavoriteistheChickenMcCurryPan,ablendoftomatosauce,mixedwithchicken,baked,andservedonspicedbreadandtoppedwithcheese.CanadianfastfoodchainsservesomethingthatlookslikeatraditionalCanadiandishconsistingofFrenchfriescoveredincheesecurdsandgravy.ThefavoriteinElSalvadoranburgerchains,isfilledwithmeatandcheese.Argentineansfavorsteaksandwichesbasedonalocalherbedsauce.BurgerchainsintheUnitedStatesofferlocalfavorites,too.InNewMexico,youcangetpeppersonyoursandwich;breakfastburritosareservedthroughouttheSouthwest;andpineapple-toppedburgersareofferedinHawaii.BeforechainrestaurantsopenedinRussia,diningoutwaslimitedandnotalwaysapleasantexperience.Waiterswereusuallyrudetomanycustomers.Sowhenmorethan125fastfoodburgerrestaurantsopenedacrossRussia,arecordof30,000Russiansrushedtotheopenings,linedup,andwaitedforhourstobuyhamburgersandFrenchfries,allbecausetheywereservedhappilywithasmileandathank-you.RussianpeoplefoundthistobeadelightfulexperienceandmadetheRussianfastfoodhamburgerbusinessthefifthlargestmarketinallofEurope.Thelistoflocalfavoritesaroundtheworldisendless.Onethingisforsure:Peopleliketoeat,andfastfoodrestaurantsarereadyandwillingtosellthemanythingtheydesire.So,ifbeingarestaurantentrepreneurisyourdream,you’dbetterstartplanningyourglobalmenunow.3.3UsefulExpression1.dependonv.1)取决于2)依赖，依靠Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth.万物生长靠太阳。Whetherhewillcomedependsontheweather.他是否回来取决于天气的原因。同义词dependon;relyon;counton这组动词的一般意义为“组成”或“构成”。dependon：取决于。relyon：依靠。counton：指望。Wecandependonhisarrivinghereontime.

Youcanrelyonyoursolicitor'sprofessionalismindealingwiththehousepurchase.

Thatwastheonlythingtheycouldcounton.

你尽可依靠律师处理购房事宜。我们可以相信他会准时到来。那是他们唯一依靠的东西。LookatthegoldchainTimboughtforme,it’sverybeautiful.KFC是世界最有名的连锁餐厅之一。看汤姆跟我买的金链子，它很漂亮。2.chainn.shops/hotels连锁店joinedrings链子KFCisoneofthemostfamouschainrestaurantsintheworld.Eachcountrymusttailoritsenergyplantoitsenergyresources.每一个国家都必须根据它们自己的能源资源来制定能源计划。3.tailorv.makesomethingrightforyourneeds使合适n.someonewhomakesclothes裁缝Askthetailortolengthenmycoatbecauseitistooshortforme.让裁缝把我的大衣放长些,我穿着太短了。Apolarbearhasapreferenceforcoldweather.北极熊喜欢寒冷的天气。4.preferencen.youliketohaveordoonethingratherthansomethingelse偏爱Ifyouwatchyourdiet,thenyouwon'thavetosufferthepainofgoingonadiet.如果你注意饮食,那么你就不须受节食之苦。5.dietn.thetypeandrangeoffoodthatyouregularlyeat日常食物,规定饮食Theswimmingclubisopentofamiliesintheneighborhoodwithoutrestriction.

这个游泳俱乐部对邻近地区的家庭开放，不受限制。6.restrictionn.Translationanofficialrulethatlimitswhatyoucandoorthatlimitstheamountorsizeofsomething限制;约束仿效她热情地接受了到欧洲旅行的建议。Heenfoldedthechildinanaffectionateembrace.他疼爱得把孩子紧紧搂在怀里。7.embracev.acceptitandstartsupportingitorbelievinginit包含，包括，接受n.hugsomebody拥抱SheeagerlyembracedtheofferofatriptoEurope.

Nearlyallthechildrenareofferedsheltersfromtheirparents.I'llofferyou10poundsforthisbook.几乎所有的小孩都能得到父母提供的庇护。8.offerv.someonesaystheywillgiveyouordoforyou.提供v.makeavailableforsale出价n.somethingoffered(asaproposalorbid)出价,提议Translation我出10磅钱买你这本书。Topossessaconceptisnottoownsomeeasilyidentifiablearticle.持有一个概念并不是持有某个容易辨认的物品。9.identifiablea.Somethingorsomeonethatisidentifiablecanberecognized.可认明的,可识别的Recentlythepoliceconductsasurveyaboutreducingthecriminalrate.

最近警察进行了一个减少犯罪率的调查。Copperconductselectricitybetterthanirondoes.

10.conductv.进行……的事，引导,指挥,管理v.导电，传热n.行为Mr.Greenwillconducttheorchestra.Thereporterwasaccusedofunprofessionalconduct.格林先生将指挥这支管弦乐队。那位记者被控有违反职业道德的行为。铜的导电性比铁强。先生的学问博大精深。Theteacherhadbothextensiveknowledgeandprofoundscholarship.

11.extensivea.coversorincludesalargephysicalarea.广的,多方面的,广泛的IfyoucangeteveryonetositatthetableI'mreadytoserveupthefood.12.serveupv.1)端上2)担任SectionChairsmayserveuptothreeone-yearterms.小组的主席可以连任三届。如果你让每个人都入席了,我就上菜了。Comeabout4o'clock.We'llhavecocktailsandgrillsteaks.请四点钟左右来,我们喝鸡尾酒,吃烤牛排。13.grillv.cooksomethingusingverystrongheatdirectlyaboveorbelowit.烧,烤2)n.apartofastovewhichproducesstrongheattocookfoodthathasbeenplacedunderneathit.烤架;烤肉;铁格子TranslationPutthebreadunderthegrilltomakethetoastforbreakfast.把面包放在烤架下准备做早饭吃的吐司。Mincethemeatandtheonion.把肉和洋葱剁碎吧。14.mince1)v.putitintoamachinewhichcutsitintoverysmallpieces.切碎2)n.meatwhichhasbeencutintoverysmallpiecesusingamachine.碎肉Generallyspeaking,Idon'tlikespicyfood.

我一般不爱吃辛辣的食物。15.spicya.stronglyflavouredwithspices.

加了香料的;辛辣的Nowadaysmanyteenagersfavortorecognizefacebookastheirentertainment.现在的年轻人都喜欢将facebook作为他们娱乐的方法。16.favorv.youlikesomething喜爱，偏爱DetailedReading相关词语favoritea.特别喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人或物Baseballismyfavoritesport.What'syourfavorite?垒球是我最喜欢的一项体育活动,你最喜欢什么活动?Hisideasonpoliticsareexactlyinlinewithmine.他的政治见解跟我的一致。17.inlinewith与...一致Hersadlooksreflectedthethoughtpassingthroughhermind.

我经常思考人生的美丽与复杂。她忧戚的面容反映出她内心的思想。Ioftenreflectonthebeautyandcomplexityoflife.

18.reflectv.show反应think思考InIndiathecowisasacredanimal.

在印度，牛是神圣的动物。19.sacreda.believedtobeholyandtohaveaspecialconnectionwithGod.神的,宗教的;不可侵犯的;神圣的Whetheragunisaweaponofoffenceoraweaponofdefensedependsonwhichendofityouareat.

枪是攻击武器还是防御武器，要看你的目的而定。20.offencen.acrimethatbreaksaparticularlawandrequiresaparticularpunishment.犯罪,违反,冒犯，攻击相关词语offensivea.讨厌的,攻击性的,无礼的Youwillfinditdifficulttoexplainawayyouruseofsuchoffensivelanguage.

你使用这样无礼的语言是很难说得过去的。Wewillbuildourdefensesbeyondchallenge,lestweaknessinvitechallenge.21.challengen.v.挑战我们要防患于未然,懈怠会带来麻烦。Theyhadchallengedandbeatenthebestteamintheworld.他们曾向世界上最强的球队挑战并将他们打败。根据原子理论,所有的元素都是由原子所组成的。Accordingtothetheoryofatomsallelementsconsistofatoms.22.consistof由……组成辨析consistof;bemadeupof;becomposedofconsist是不及物动词，consistof不可用于被动语态。bemadeupof和becomposedof指由…组成，用于被动语态。Thebookis___________________25units.该书由25个单元组成。Thehouse_______6rooms.这个房子有六个房间。Practiceconsistsofcomposedof/madeupofDetailedReading辨析compose;consistof;comprise;constitute这组动词的一般意义为“组成”或“构成”。compose：在表示“由……材料构成”时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。consistof:含义与被动语态的compose相同。Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.

混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。

England,ScotlandandWalescomposetheislandofThoughthecostumeconsistsonlyofasheet,itwasveryeffective.

虽然那件化装服装仅由一条床单组成，但效果很好。辨析compose;consistof;comprise;constitutecomprise：在表示“构成”时的内涵是“包括”或“覆盖”

constitute：主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的Thesehousesdonotcomprisesallhisproperty.

这些房产并没有构成他的全部财产。

Thecommitteecomprisesmenofwidelydifferentviews.

这个委员会由见解甚为悬殊的人组成。Thisgrowingpovertyinthemidstofgrowingpovertyconstitutesapermanentmenacetopeace.

在这种不断增长的贫困中正在增长着的贫困，构成了对和平的永久的威胁。

Sevendaysconstitutesaweek.

七天构成一个星期。Evidencebasedonthereportsofothersratherthanthepersonalknowledgeofawitnessandthereforegenerallynotadmissibleastestimony.传闻证据证人根据别人讲述的内容而不是本人所了解的情况作出的证词，因此一向不作为可接受的证据。23.baseonv.基于Lineupthesemenandseeifthewitnesscanrecognizethecriminal.把队伍排整齐他们就能拿到票了。将这些人排成一行，看看目击者是否能认出罪犯。Tolineupthecrowdandtheywillgetthetickets.24.lineup1)排队2)整齐，对齐Hewaswillingtolaydownhislifeforhiscountry.

他愿意为祖国牺牲他的生命。25.bewillingto愿意彼得认为,企业家的职能是革新。InSchumpeter'sview,thefunctionoftheentrepreneurwasinnovation.26.entrepreneurn.apersonwhosetsupbusinessesandbusinessdeals.企业家;主办人3.4DifficultSentences1.Doyouwantfrieswiththat?Justwhatis“that”?Itdependsonwhereyouareintheworld.Whatyoueatfrieswithdependsonyourlocationintheworld.你想用炸薯条搭配“那个”一起吃吗？“那个”是什么？这取决于你位于世界何处。Itdependsonwhereyouareintheworld.是一个由where引导的宾语从句，其中It指代““那个”是什么？”，“那个”又源于首句“你想用炸薯条搭配“那个”一起吃吗？”。三句结合，才能理解作者意思。采用疑问句开篇，引起读者兴趣。Just用法地道。that与which,where与in/at/on/...whichThisisthefactorywhere/inwhichyouworkedlastyear.关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以用关系副词where或inwhich，因为定语从句中worked是不及物动词。Thisisthefactorythat/which/youvisitedlastyear.

关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此用that或which，还可以省略，visited是及物动词。2.McDonald’smaynotofferthesamemenutoRussiancustomersthatitdoestoJapanesecustomers……麦当劳公司就不会把提供给俄罗斯顾客的菜单照搬到日本……ThemenuMcDonald’sofferstoRussiancustomersisdifferentfromthemenuitofferstoJapanesecustomers……句中that引导的同位语从句，由于与thesame搭配，采用does简略表示，只将不同之处即宾语写出即可。thesameas与thesamethat都可以接从句，as从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一个。例如：HeiswearingthesamecoatasTom.他穿的衣服和汤姆的是一模一样的，但不是同一件。ThisisthesamecoatthatTomlostyesterday.这就是昨天汤姆丢掉的那件衣服，是同一件。3.WithgrilledmincedmeatcombinedwithonionsandArabianspices,theburgerisbasedonatraditionalfavoriteMuslimdinner.这种汉堡来源于传统的穆斯林食品，馅料是烤肉末加洋葱和阿拉伯香料。TheburgerisbasedonatraditionalfavoriteMuslimdinner.IthasgrilledmincedmeatcombinedwithonionsandArabianbinedwithonionsandArabianspices修饰meat。整个前半句为with引导的独立主格结构，这种结构虽然主要用作状语，但可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。

结构：with+名词（代词）+介词短语/形容词/副词/名词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式Hesattherethinking,withhischinonhishand．

他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。Hestaredathisfriendwithhismouthwideopen．

他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。ThestupidEmperorwalkedintheprocessionwith

nothingon．

这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl．

他去世的时候，女儿还是个中学生。

Shestoodtherechattingwithherfriend,withher

childplayingbesideher．

她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。ThegoalkeeperleftJapanwithhisflawslaidbare．

这位守门员离开了日本，而他的缺点却暴露无遗。With10minutestogo,you’dbetterhurry．

还有十分钟，你最好快一点。

4.……theyofferahotfriedshrimpburgerwithasideorderofsteamedriceinsteadofFrenchfries.他们制作了炸虾汉堡，配以蒸熟的米饭而不是薯条。……theyofferahotfriedshrimpburgerwithasideorderofsteamedrice,insteadofofferingahotfriedshrimpburgerwithasideorderofFrenchfries.DetailedReadingwithasideorderofsteamedriceinsteadofFrenchfries为with引导的复合结构，此处用作后置定语。

sideorder:n.anamountoffoodthatarestaurantservesyouatthesametimeasthemaincourseofamealbutonaseparateplate主菜之外附带加的菜Iwouldlikeasideorderoffriedonion.我想再另点一些油炸洋葱。insteadof:inplaceof;butnot代替；而不（常跟名词，代词或动名词）Ihavecomeinsteadofmybrother.Heisill.我代替我哥哥来，他病了。5.AlocalIndianfavoriteistheChickenMcCurryPan,ablendoftomatosauce,mixedwithchicken,baked,andservedonspicedbreadandtoppedwithcheese.当地印度人最爱吃的是咖喱鸡肉饼，把鸡肉和番茄酱混合后再进行烘烤，然后搭配加了香料的面包，最后在鸡肉饼上放一些奶酪。AlocalIndianfavoriteistheChickenMcCurryPan.Itisablendoftomatosauce,mixedwithchicken,baked,thenservedonspicedbread,finallytoppedwithcheese.ablendoftomatosauce为ChickenMcCurryPan的同位语，之后几个过去分词做了定语，阐述了肉饼的制作过程，是对前半句中theChickenMcCurryPan的解释。AfterReading取决于dependon成功的秘诀keytosuccess例如forexample一样thesame提供serveup把…合起来combinewith更喜欢preferto而非insteadof与…一致inlinewith许多alotof巨大挑战ahugechallenge由…混合而成ablendof混合mixwith看起来像looklike包括consistof用…填满fill…with基于baseon到餐馆吃dineout排队lineup增加addto4.AfterReading4.1SummaryWhatyoueatfrieswith______________yourlocationintheworld.Althoughpeoplehave__________,fastfoodrestaurantshave__________thesedifferences.They______extensiveresearchto_____menus.Burgerchains____localfavorites.Burgersellersfacedahuge_________indesigningmenusinIndiawherecowsareconsidered______.Beefandporkarenoteatenasthiswouldbeaserious______.Soa______oftomatosauce,chicken,etc.is________.WhenfastfoodburgerrestaurantsopenedacrossRussia,30,000Russians______andwaitedforhours.Onethingisforsure:Peopleliketoeat,andfastfoodrestaurantsarereadyand_____tosellthemanythingtheydesire.4.2Directions:Fillintheblanksandcompletethesummaryofthetext.1)Thiscoffeeisa___________ofJavaandBrazil.2)NeitherpartyinCongressiswillingto___________bothsidesofthatproposal.3)Weare__________asurveyofconsumerattitudestowardsorganicfood.4)Youshould__________yourspendingtoyourincome.5)ImustsayIhaveastrong__________forclassicalmusic.6)The_______palacesoftheWudang7)He___________upthebooksandputthemunderhisbedafterexamination.8)Well…ifyoulikehotand___________food,pleasetrySichuanfood.9)Youcanhaveahealthybodybyselectingahealthy_________.10)Theproblemwashowtosay‘no’toherwithoutcausing_____________.4.3Directio