考研《英语一》2023年望城县考前冲刺预测试卷含解析

考研《英语一》2023年望城县考前冲刺预测试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下列各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。Whenaratherdirty,poorlydressedpersonkneelsatyourfeetandputsouthishandstobeg__21____afewcoins,doyouhurryon,not___22___whattodo,ordoyoufeelsadandhurriedly___23___somemoney?Whatshouldourattitude___24___beggarsbe?Therecanbenoquestionthattheworldisfullofterriblysadstories．It___25___beterribletohavenoideawhereournextmealisgoingtocomefrom．Itseems___26___nottogivesomemoneytobeggars．__27____,mostoftheworld’sgreatreligionsorderustobeopen-heartedand___28___whatwehavewiththoselessluckythanourselves．Buthastheworldchanged?Maybewhatwasmorallyrightintheolddays,___29___oneknewexactlywhointhevillagehadsufferedmisfortuneandneededhelp,isnolongerthebestidea．Quiteafewpeoplewillnotgivetobeggars．Letuslookattheir___30___．First,somebelievethatmanycitybeggarsdressup___31___tolookpitiableandactuallymakeagood___32___frombegging．Givingtobeggarsonlyencouragesthissortofevil（恶行）．__33____,thereistheworrythatthemoneyyougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs．Thirdly,thereistheopinion__34____thereisnorealexcuseforbegging．Onemightbepoor,butthatisnoreasonforlosingone’ssenseof___35___andself-dependence．Relatedtothisistheopinionthattheproblemshouldbehandledbythegovernment__36____ordinarypeople．Somepeoplethinkbeggarsshouldgotothelocalgovernmentdepartmentand__37____help．Itishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion:therearevarious__38____andwemust__39____themdifferently．Afewcoinscansavealifeinsomesituations,andevenifthemoneyiswasted,thatdoesnottakeawaythemoralgoodnessofthe__40____．1、A．to B．with C．at D．for2、A．knowing B．expecting C．demanding D．settling3、A．putaway B．handover C．takein D．getout4、A．at B．in C．over D．towards5、A．must B．can C．need D．might6、A．warm-hearted B．generous C．cruel D．considerate7、A．Strangely B．Honestly C．Certainly D．Surprisingly8、A．give B．donate C．share D．contribute9、A．why B．when C．what D．how10、A．arguments B．quarrels C．sayings D．talks11、A．onshow B．onpurpose C．forfun D．byaccident12、A．money B．comfort C．living D．decision13、A．Secondly B．Surely C．Possibly D．Then14、A．what B．whether C．that D．which15、A．goodness B．pride C．security D．responsibility16、A．ratherthan B．orrather C．otherthan D．butalso17、A．produce B．receive C．earn D．offer18、A．cases B．events C．conditions D．states19、A．gowith B．communicatewith C．dealwith D．meetwith20、A．giver B．receiver C．villager D．governmentSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Asaboy,CharlesRobertDarwin(达尔文）collectedanythingthatcaughthisinterest:insects,coinsandinterestingstones.Hewasnotveryclever,butDarwinwasgoodatdoingthethingsthatinterestedhim.Hisfatherwasadoctor,soDarwinwassenttoEdinburghtostudymedicine,andwasplannedtofollowamedicalcareer.ButCharlesfoundthelecturesboring.ThenhisfathersenthimtoCambridgeUniversitytostudytobeapriest.WhileatCambridge,Darwin'sinterestinzoologyandgeographygrew.LaterhegotaletterfromRobertFitzRoywhowasplanningtomakeavoyagearoundtheworldonaship,theBeagle.Hewantedanaturalisttojointheship,andDarwinwasrecommended（推荐)ThatvoyagewasthestartofDarwin'sgreatlife.AstheBeaglesailedaroundtheworld,Darwinbegantowonderhowlifehaddevelopedonearth.Hebegantoobserveeverything.Afterhewashome,hesettowork,gettinghiscollectioninorder.HisfirstgreatworkTheZoologyoftheBeaglewaswellreceived,buthewasslowtomakepublichisideasontheoriginoflife.LaterDarwinandWallace,anothernaturalistwhohadthesameopinionsasDarwin,producedapapertogether.Darwin’sgreatbook“OntheOriginofSpeciesbyMeansofNaturalSelection"（《物种起源》）appearedItattractedastorm.PeoplethoughtthatDarwinwassayingtheyweredescendedfrommonkeys.Whatashamefulidea!AlthoughmostscientistsagreedthatDarwinwasright,theChurchwasstillsostrongthatDarwinneverreceivedanyhonorsforhiswork.Afterwards,hepublishedanothergreatwork,TheDescentofMan.Hishealthgrewworse,buthestillworked."WhenIhavetogiveupobservation,Ishalldie,"hesaid.Hewasstillworkingon17,April,1882.Hewasdeadtwodayslater.1、Darwin'sfathersenthimtoEdinburghto.A．makehimlikenaturalhistoryB．makehimbecomeadoctorC．lethimchangehishobbiesD．havehimgiveuphiscollection2、Accordingtothepassage；CharlesDarwin'swholelifewaschangedby.A．hisstudyatCambridgeUniversityB．hiscollectionofcoinsC．thenaturalistsatCambridgeD．thevoyageoftheBeagle3、Theunderlinedpart“theyweredescendedfrommonkeys"probablymeans“”.A．theygavemonkeyslifeB．theyweredifferentfrommonkeysC．theyweredevelopedfrommonkeysD．theyhadtolivewithmonkeyText2Duringtheperiodfrom1660through1800,GreatBritainbecametheworld’sleader.Languageitselfbecamesubmittedtorulesduringthisperiod.ThisneedtofixtheEnglishlanguageisbestillustrated(描述)inthemakingofTheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagebySamuelJohnson.GuidestotheEnglishlanguagehadbeeninexistencebeforeJohnsonbeganhisprojectin1746.These,however,wereoftenlittlemorethanlistsofhardwords.Whendefinitionsofcommonwordsweresupplied,theywereoftenunhelpful.Forexample,a“horse”wasdefinedinanearlydictionaryas“abeastwellknown”.Johnsonchangedallthat,butthetaskwasnotaneasyone.Rentingahouseat17GoughSquare,Johnsonbeganworkingintheworstofconditions.Supportedonlybyhispublisher,JohnsonworkedontheDictionarywithfiveassistants.ComparedtotheFrenchAcademy’sdictionary,whichtookfortyworkersfifty-fiveyearstocomplete(1639-1694),Johnson’sdictionarywascompletedbyveryfewpeopleveryquickly.Balancedonachairwithonlythreelegs,Johnsonsatagainstawallinaroomfilledwithbooks.Johnsonwouldreadwidelyfromthesebooks,markpassagesillustratingtheuseofaparticularword,andgivethebookstohisassistantssothattheycouldcopythepassagesonslipsofpaper.TheseslipswerethenstucktoeightylargenotebooksunderthekeywordsthatJohnsonhadselected.Fixingthewordbythismethod,Johnsoncouldrecordaword，susageanditsdefinition.Howmanypassageswereused?AccordingtoJohnson’smodernbiographerWalterJacksonBate,theoriginaltotalnumbercouldhavebeenover20,000.Howmanywordsweredefinedbythelexicographer?Over40,000wordsappearedintwolargebooksinAprilof1755.DidJohnsonfullyunderstandthehugetaskhewasundertakingwhenhebegan?AshetoldhiscontemporarybiographerJamesBoswell,“IknewverywellwhatIwasundertakingandverywellhowtodoit—andhavedoneitverywell.”1、WhatistheproblemofearlyEnglishdictionaries?A．Theyonlyoffersimplepictures.B．Theylistjustafewforeignwords.C．Theysimplygivesometranslations.D．Theyaddnomorethansomebigwords.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lexicographer”inparagraph4referto?A．Apublisher. B．Abiographer.C．Amakerofdictionaries. D．Anassistant.3、WhatcanweinferaboutSamuelJohnsonfromthetext?A．HestandardizedEnglish.B．Hecaredaboutauthorityalot.C．Hegainedmuchfinancialsupport.D．Hecomplainedofworkingconditions.4、Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Todiscusstheproblemsofdictionaries.B．Toencouragepeopletoworkonaproject.C．Topersuadepeopletobuythenewdictionary.D．TointroducehowJohnsoncompletehisdictionary.Text3TopSummerMusicFestivalstoTraveltoSummeristhebesttimeofayearformusiclovers,especiallyifyoulovetheoutdoorconcertscene.Festivalseasonisjustkickingoff,andthereisalottolookforwardtointheupcomingmonths.PrimaveraSoundTokickoffthesummer,there'snobetterplacethanBarcelona.Ontheconcertlineup,you'llfindbandslikeTheZombies,ArcadeFire,andBonIver.Thentakesometimetotastethelocalfoodandwine.May31-June4;Barcelona,SpainMusicType:Rock,hip-hopPrice:$86—$323GovernorsBallOneofthegreatsummerconcertsinNewYorkCityisGovernor'sBall,whichtakesplaceinearlyJuneatRandall’sIslandPark.SomeoftheplayingartistsincludeTool,Phoenix,Lorde,Flume,andtheWu-TangClan.June2-4;NewYorkCity,NewYork,USAMusicType:Rock,hip-hop,popPrice:$105—$405BonnarooBonnarooisanothersummereventthatdrawsincrowdsofaround60,000eachyear.Someofthemostwell-knownmusicianswillbeplayingthisyear,includingU2,RedHotChiliPeppers,TheWeeknd,andChancetheRapper.June8-11;Manchester,Tennessee,USAMusicType:Rock,hip-hopPrice:$210-$554FireflyMusicFestivalManypeoplehaven'tthoughtofgoingtoDelawareforasummervacation,hutmid-Juneisagreattimetoplanthistripifyoulovemusic.Headlinersforthisyear’sslowareTheWeeknd,Muse,TwentyOnePilots,ChancetheRapper,andBobDylan.June15-18;Dover,Delaware,USAMusicType:Blues,rockPrice:$179-$4991、Whichconcerthasthecheapestticket?A．Bonnaroo.B．GovernorsBall.C．PrimaveraSound.D．FireflyMusicFestival.2、WhatisspecialaboutFireflyMusicFestival?A．ItperformsBlues.B．Itispopularwithtravelers.C．Itisheldinsummer.D．Ithasmanyfamousmusicians.3、WhencanyouenjoyFlume'sperformance?A．OnMay31.B．OnJune3.C．OnJune9.D．OnJune15.Text4TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacauBridge,theworld'slongestsea-basedproject,comprisesfourparts:a22.9-kilometersteelbridge,twoartificialislands,asubmergedseatunnelextendingfor6.7kilometers,aswellasleadingbridgesthatconnectthebridgetothecities.Forabridgeproject,designersprefertobuildallthestructureontheground,andonlychoosethetunnelwhenthereisnoalternative.However,fortheHZMB,themostpracticaldesignistointegratebridge,islandandtunneltoformacompletecross-seachannel."ThePearlRiverEstuary（河口）holdsaworld-levelshippingchannel.Smoothtrafficshouldbeguaranteed.AndthelocationisneartheHongKongInternationalAirport.Withabout2,000flightstakingoffandlandingattheairport,thebridgecannotbebuilttoohighforsafetyreasons/5saidMengFanchao,chiefdesigneroftheproject.“Butyoucannothaveasubmergedseatunnelwithoutanysupport.Thatforcedustobuildtheartificialislands.”Chineseengineersdeclaredatrailininstallingdeep-immersedtunneltubes.6tThereisnomodelforustorefertoasallthecasesareshallow-buriedtubes,9,saidMeng."Forlackofexperience,theinstallationofthefirsttubelastedfor96hours,"saidYinHaiqing,deputymanageroftheProjectManagementDepartment.''Everyonewasexhaustedwhenwemadeit.”The6.7-kilometertunnelistheworld'slongestsubmergedseatunnel.Twoartificialislands,coveringanareaof200,000squaremeters,helpcreateasmoothtransitionbetweenbridgesectionsandtunnels.Differentfromtraditionalisland,theengineersput120steelcylinders（圆柱）witha22-meterdiameter（直径）intotheseabed,makeouttheshapeofanisland,andfilltheislandwithsoil.Itisaninnovativewaytheyadoptedtobuildtheartificialisland,makingitfirmer,moreefficientandfriendlytothemarineecology.TheHZMBprovidesafixedlinkbetweenthetwoChineseeconomiccentresHongKongandMacauandthemainlandofChinaatZhuhai.1、Whyisn'tthebridgebuilttoohigh?A．Thebridgehasn'tanysupport. B．Itisn'tsafetobuildittoohigh.C．Theengineerslackexperience. D．Theengineerswanttomakeitspecial.2、WhatcanweknowabouttheHZMBfromthetext?A．AllthestructureoftheHZMBisbuiltontheground.B．The6.7-kilometretunnelistheworld'slongesttunnel.C．TheHZMBisthefirsttoinstalldeep-immersedtunneltubes.D．Theinstallationofthefirsttunneltubefailedforthefirsttime.3、What’sthefunctionoftwoartificialislands?A．Todeclareatrailinbuildingasea-basedbridge.B．Topreventthepollutionfromaffectingthemarineecology.C．Toensuresmoothtrafficbetweenbridgesectionsandtunnels.D．Toguaranteethesafetyoftheshipsgoingthroughtheestuary.4、Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A．Anadvertisement. B．Sciencefiction.C．Anannouncement. D．Anewsreport.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Haveyoueverheardtheterm“darkride”andwondered1．itmeant?Howabout“flatride”?Let’sexploresomeofthemorecommon2．(type)ofridesA“darkride”isanindustrytermforanyamusementparkorthemeparkridethatusesvehiclestosendpassengersintoanindoorenvironmentandthrough3．seriesofscenesRidevehiclestakemanyforms4．(include)carsonatrack,tracklessvehiclesandboats5．floatinachannelofwaterSomedarkridesattempttotellastory,whileothersarejustacollectionofinterestingscenesA“flatride”referstoattractionsatamusementparks,carnivals,fairsandthemeparksthattypicallyspinaroundThey6．(usual)includeacircularplatformandareplacedonthegroundThetermisusedtorefertoalargenumberofrides7．(depend)ontheirspeedandotherfeatures,theymayormaynotbeconsideredthrillridesGenerally,“kiddierides”8．(intend)foryoungridersMorethrillingflatridesthatincludehighspeedsintheamusementindustryarecalled“spin-and-spew,”“spin-and-puke,”or“whirl-andhurl”ridesA“motionsimulatorride”usesseatsthatmovewithpoint-of-viewmediaprojectedontoascreen9．(provide)viewerswiththeillusion(错觉)thattheyaremovingandphysicallytakingpartintheactionMostmotionsimulatorridesarepresentedintheatersofvarioussizesAlthoughviewersnevermovemorethanafewinchesinany10．(direct),theycanfeelasiftheyarespeedingwildlyandfree-fallingetcIfyouareinterestedinbothChina’sancientfinanceandarchitecture,Pingyaoisaplaceyoucan’tmissPingyaoAncientCity,1．(locate)inthecentralShanxiProvinceChina,isawell-preservedexampleofatraditionalHanChinesecityWhenitwasfoundedinthe2．4thcentury,itswallsaretenmetreshigh,6,163metresaround,andthreetofivemeterswideatthetopThewesternandeasternsidesofwallshavetwogates3．thesouthernandnorthernwallseachhaveonegateonlyFromthe19thcenturytotheearly20thcentury,Pingyao,4．(control)almosthalfoftheeconomyofthecountryatitsboomingperiod,wasafinancialcenterforthewholeofChinaThere5．(be)onceovertwentydraftbank’sheadoffices,6．branchesweredistributed7．(wide)aroundthewholecountry,eveninsomewesternandsoutheasterncountriesTodaywhenotherChinese8．(city)havebeenmorethanhappytoburytheirhistoryunderskyscrapers,this9．(origin)ChineseWallStreetchoosesnottoOrdinarypeoplestilllive10．thecity’shundredsofMingandQingDynastycourtyardsastheydidinthepastThiscityishelpingChineserediscoverthevalueofpreservingwhatlittle11．(leave)ofthecountry’sancientbuildingsSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Self-confidenceisdefinedasafeelingoftrustinone’sabilities,qualities,andjudgment.1、Whetheryouapplyforapromotioninworkorsignupforacookingclass,believinginyourselfisthekeytoputtingyourselfoutthere.However,notallpeoplearebornconfident.2、Stopcomparingyourselftoothers.WhetheryoucomparehowyoulooktoyourfriendsonFacebookoryoucompareyoursalarytoyourfriend’sincome,comparisonsaren’thealthy.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhocomparedthemselvestoothers,experiencedenvy.3、Itcanbeaterriblecycle.Whenyounoticeyouaredrawingcomparisons,remindyourselfthatdoingsoisn’thelpful.Everyoneisrunningtheirownraceandlifeisn’tacompetition.4、.It’shardtofeelgoodaboutyourselfifyou’reabusingyourbody.Skimpingonsleep,eatinganunhealthydiet,andlackingexercisewilldoharmtoyourwell-being.Studiesconsistentlyshowphysicalactivityboostsconfidence.A2016studypublishedinNeuropsychiatricDiseaseandTreatmentfoundthatregularphysicalactivityimprovedparticipants’bodyimage.Andwhentheirbodyimageimproved,theyfeltmoreconfident.Embrace(拥抱)self-doubt.Sometimes,peopleputoffdoingthings—likeinvitingsomeoneonadateorapplyingforapromotion—untiltheyfeelmoreconfident.Butsometimes,thebestwaytogainconfidenceisbydoing.5、.Thatdoesn’tmeanyoushouldn’tprepareorpractice,ofcourse.Ifyouhaveabigspeechcomingup,practiceinfrontofyourfriendsandfamilysoyou’llgainsomeconfidence.Butdon’twaituntilyoufeel100percentconfidentbeforeyouproceed.Youmightnevergetthere.A．Ifyou’reafraidyou’llembarrassyourselforyouthinkthatyou’regoingtomessup,tryitanyway.B．Takecareofyourbody.C．Embracingalittleself-doubtmightactuallyhelpyouperformbetter.D．Andthemoreenvytheyexperienced,theworsetheyfeltaboutthemselves.E.Takeregularphysicalexercise.F.Fortunately,therearethingsyoucandotogainyourself-confidence.G.Havingself-confidencecanhelpyoubecomesuccessfulinyourpe