第六单元记忆技巧

Unit6

MemorySkillsUnitObjectivesKnowtherelationshipbetweeninterpretingandmemory;Knowthetrainingofshort-termmemory;Knowtheskillsofstoryretelling;Knowthedifferencebetweenrecitingandretelling.PreparationWarm-upExercisesLead-inDiscussionPreparation:

Warm-upExerciseSpeech1(Scripts)TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.RightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.Thepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirrorwasfaulty!NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.TheshuttleEndeavourwillbetakingtheastronautstotheHubble.Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.OfcoursetheHubbleisabovetheearth'satmosphere,soitwillsoonbesendingustheclearestpicturesofthestarsanddistantgalaxiesthatwehaveeverseen.TheHubblewilltellusagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.Bythetimeyoureadthis,theHubble’seagleeyewillhavesentusthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.Preparation:

Warm-upExerciseSpeech1(References)SincethelaunchoftheHubbletelescope,therewastroublewithitsmainmirror.NASAisgoingtosendfourastronautsbytheshuttleEndeavourtorepairit.Soitwillsoonbesendingustheclearestpicturesofthestarsanddistantgalaxiesinthesky.Preparation:

Warm-upExerciseSpeech2(Scripts)Itgoeswithoutsayingthateveryonehashisowninterest.Forinstance,somepeopleareinterestedinstampcollecting,whileothersarefondoffishing.Somepeopleprefershopping.Others,ontheotherhand,havealikingforsports.Todevelopyourinterestwillhelpyoumakewayintheworld.Ifyouhaveastrongtasteforsomething,youwillfinditenjoyabletohaveitdone.Forexample,ifyouliketoeateacherandworkhardtowardthispurpose,youwillcertainlymakeyourselfasuccessfulone.Ifyoucultivateyourvariouskindsofinterestproperly,youwillprobablyfinditeasiertofindajoboraprofession.Sometimes,however,youhavetogiveupyourinterestforonethingoranother.Ifyourinterestseriouslyinterfereswithyourworkorstudy,youhavetothinkofgivingitup;ifyouhaveafamilyandstillhavetoomuchinterestinwatchingTV,youhavetostopdoingso,sothatyoucanhelpwithhouseworkorspendsometimetakingcareofyourlovelychild.Preparation:

Warm-upExerciseSpeech2(References)Everyonehashisowninterest.Todevelopyourinterestwillhelpyoumakewayintheworld.Ifyouhaveastrongtasteforsomething,youwillfinditenjoyabletohaveitdone.Sometimes,however,youhavetogiveupyourinterestforonethingoranother.Preparation:

Lead-inDiscussionQuestions1)Howdotheoutlineshelpyouintheprocessofspeechretelling?2)Isretellinginsourcelanguagemoredifficultthanretellingintargetlanguage?Why?3)Whatisthedifferencebetweenrecitingandretelling?PresentationInterpretingandMemory

Short-termMemoryTraining

Retellingv.s.Reciting

SkillsofStory-retelling

Presentation:InterpretingandMemory

Theinterpreterneedsagoodshort-termmemorytoretainwhatheorshehasjustheardandagoodlong-termmemorytoputtheinformationintocontext.ThememoryskillswhichneedtobeimpartedtotraineeinterpretersareSTMskills.Presentation:Short-termMemoryTraining

AcousticCodingVisualCodingSemanticCodingPresentation:Retellingv.s.Reciting

Storyretellingisanessentialandpracticalexerciseinmemorytraining.Whendoingstory-retellingexercises,thetraineesfirstlistentoanaddressandthentheyarerequestedtoretellthespeechintheirownwords.Whileretellingtheaddress,traineesareexpectedtoreorganizethetextaccordingtotheircomprehensionratherthanrecitetheoriginaltext.Presentation:

SkillsofStory-retellingCategorizationGeneralizationComparisonVisualizationPracticeSkill-orientedPractice

ProjectsSimulation

InterpretingWorkshopExtendedReadingPractice:Skill-orientedExerciseScripts(1-5)Chinahasbeenimprovingitsinvestmentenvironmentinrecentyears,whileforeigninvestorshavebeenoptimizingtheirinvestmentstructure.China’sfastdevelopmenthascaughttheworld’sattentionandtheworldpowersbegintorealizethatimportantinternationalaffairsneedChina’sparticipation.ItisChina’sbeliefthatthekeytodevelopmentliesintheindependentchoiceofeachcountry’sownpathandmodeofdevelopmentinaccordancewithitsreality.SinceitsentryintotheWorldTradeOrganizationin2001,Chinahassteadilyrisenasaglobalmanufacturingbasebytappingitshuge,cheaplaborforce.ChinahighlyvaluestheUN’sroleinmaintainingworldpeaceanddevelopment,believingthattheUNplaysanindispensablepartininternationalaffairs.Practice:Skill-orientedExerciseScripts(6-10)Thecoming20yearsofferararewindowofstrategicopportunitiesforChina’smodernizationdrive,overwhichastablesurroundingenvironmentwillserveasaguarantee.Chinaunderstandsthattherearemanyproblemswrappedupinthetradeimbalancebutthese,whichwerenotcausedbyonesingleside,mustbesolvedthroughmutualefforts.China’sagriculturetaxcontributeslittletothestaterevenue,butmattersmuchtofarmers.Planstoabolishthetaxhavewonwidesupportfromfarmersacrossthecountry.Fromalong-termview,thereisalargeroomforSino-RussianenergycooperationsinceRussiaisabundantinenergywhileChina’senergydemandskeepincreasingbecauseofitsrapideconomicdevelopment.Thegovernmentshouldencouragetheestablishmentofsmallandmedium-sizedprivatecommercialbanks.Thesebanks,withtheirlocalknowledgeandcontacts,canprovidetailor-madeserviceforSMEs.Practice:ProjectsSimulationSituation1:AspeechaboutthedifferenceinstudentlifebetweenChinaandtheWest.UsefulExpressionssocializing交往motivation动机instinctively本能地identitycrisis认同危机Situation2:AnintroductiontotheSilkRoad,madebyaChinesetouristguide.UsefulExpressions使者envoy河西走廊theHexiCorridor塔里木盆地theTarimBasin地中海theMediterraneanPractice:ProjectsSimulationSituation1(Scripts)I’veheardasayingthatwentsomethinglike,ifyoustayinacountryforthreeweeksyoucanwriteabook,threemonthsapostcard,andthreeyearsnothing!Iamnowfacedwiththisproblem.HavinglivedinChinaforaboutfiveyears,Iamtotallyusedtodailylifehere.Thatshouldn’tbesomethingtocomplainabout,right?Adaptingtoadifferentsocietyandcultureissomethingtobesatisfiedwith,isitnot?Usuallyitwouldbe.However,itmakeswritingacolumnaboutmyimpressionsofChinaalotmoredifficult.Inthewest,studentlifeisacombinationofstudyandsocializingwithaheavyemphasisplacedonthesocializingpart!IwasgenuinelyimpressedbythededicationandmotivationofChinesestudents.WhenIwasastudentIwouldrarelygiveupmysparetimetoanyactivityconnectedwithstudy.Unlessexamswereapproaching,myweekendsweredevotedtohavingfunorperhapsapart-timejob.MyChinesestudents,ontheotherhand,seemedtospendtheirentirewakinghoursstudying.IunderstandthatcompetitioninChineseuniversitiesisextremelyintense.Nonetheless,theirenergyanddriveputmetoshame.Itmaybetruethatrotelearningisover-emphasizedinChineseeducation.Nonetheless,IfoundthatthisdoesnotreflectthenaturalcharacterofChinesestudents.Giventheappropriateclassroomatmosphereandachancetowarmup,thestudentsImetwerenaturallyspontaneousandinstinctivelyenjoyeddrama.Insomeoftherole-playsweactedout,certainstudentsbecamesoinvolvedintheirpartsthattheywereborderingonanidentitycrisis!ThankstothepolitenessandwarmthofChinesestudents,Iconqueredmyfearofspeakinginpublicandbecamemoreself-confident.Mostimportantly,Imetdozensoffinedecentpeopleandmadenumerousexcellentfriends.Practice:ProjectsSimulationSituation1(References)我曾经听说过一个谚语，它好像是说“如果你在一个国家呆上三礼拜，你可以写一本书；如果是三个月，可以写一张明信片；而如果是三年的话，就什么也写不出来了！”我现在就碰到了这个问题。我在中国已经生活了五年，所以我已经完全适应了这里的日常生活。那没有什么可抱怨的，对吧？融入到一个不同的社会和文化氛围当中是一件值得满足的事情，不是吗？通常情况下是这么回事的。然而，当我负责一个描述我对中国感受的栏目时，这一情况却大大增加了我的撰写难度。在西方社会，学生生活包含学习与社会交往两个部分，而侧重点则是社会交往！中国学生的这种付出和干劲确实给我留下了深深的印象。当我还是一个学生的时候，我几乎不会为了与学习相关的活动而牺牲我的业余时间。除非是为了迎接考试，否则我的周末全都用于玩乐或者用于做兼职。我的中国学生却截然不同，他们似乎是只要不睡觉，就总是在学习。我明白，在中国大学里竞争是极其激烈的。尽管这样，他们的精力和干劲还是使我觉得羞愧。也许，中国的教育体制确实是过于注重死记硬背的学习方法。尽管如此，我却发现这并没有反映出中国学生的天性。我遇到的这些学生只要拥有一个适当的课堂氛围、获得一个进行热身练习的机会，就会很自然地进行互动，而且不由自主地享受着表演的乐趣。在我们进行一些角色扮演的活动时，有些学生就过于投入他们的角色，以至于他们都快分不清演戏和现实的界限了！由于中国学生的礼貌和热情，我克服了公开发言的恐惧感，变得自信起来。最为重要的是，我遇到了许多优秀的人并结识了众多要好的朋友。Practice:ProjectsSimulationSituation2(Scripts)欢迎各位参加“丝绸之路游”。为期两周的游览将成为您一生中最难忘的经历之一。丝绸之路的历史可以追溯到公元前2世纪。当时一名中国官员、朝廷的使者张骞沿着这条连接亚欧两大洲的贸易通道出使西域。这条通道源于长安城，一路穿越陕西省、甘肃省境内的河西走廊、新疆的塔里木盆地、帕米尔山区、阿富汗、伊朗、伊拉克以及叙利亚，最后抵达地中海的东岸。全程7，000公里，其中有4，000公里的路段在中国境内。15世纪前的一千多年里，中国通过这条通道给西域各国带去了丝绸织物、火药、造纸术和印刷术。同时，这条通道也从国外给我们引进了佛教、伊斯兰教以及葡萄、核桃、石榴、黄瓜、玻璃、香水等产品。因为中国丝绸是沿着这条通道进入西方国家的，所以欧洲学者将此道称作“丝绸之路”。丝绸之路沿途的大批历史文物、引人入胜的自然风景以及富有情趣的地方文化，使这一长途远游成了世界上最精彩的旅游项目之一。在丝绸之路的中国段，沿线散居着许多少数民族，他们对来自世界各地的游客都以礼相待，热情好客。这里的食物和工艺品不同于中国中部的食物和工艺品。这里的民间传说，如同天方夜谈一般神奇，听来别有一番情趣。我社安排的“丝绸之路游”，始于西安古城，止于新疆首府乌鲁木齐，其间我们还要游览兰州、墩煌以及吐鲁番。沿线您可以领略自然景观的魅力，欣赏古代艺术家高超的工艺，品尝地方风味小吃，结识当地居民。这次游览一定会给你留下与家人和朋友共享的美好回忆。Practice:ProjectsSimulationSituation2(References)etotheSilkRoadTour!Youwillfindthistwo-weektriponeofyourmostmemorableexperiencesinyourlife.TheSilkRoaddatesbacktothe2ndcenturyB.C.whenaChineseofficialandenvoyoftheroyalcourtZhangQianembarkedonhisbusinesstriptoXiyufollowingthetraderoadlinkingAsiaandEurope.OriginatingfromChang’an,theroutetraversedShanxiProvince,theHexiCorridorinGansuProvince,theTarimBasininXinjiang,thePamirmountainregion,Afghanistan,Iran,IraqandSyria,endingattheeasternshoresoftheMediterranean.Morethan4,000ofits7,000kilometerswereinChina.

Foroverathousandyearsuptill15thcentury,Chinabroughtitssilkclothandgoods,gunpowder,andpapermakingandprintingtechniquestotheWestviathisroad.Thisroad,inreturn,introducedintoChinaBuddhismandIslamaswellasgrapes,walnuts,pomegranates,cucumbers,glass,perfumeandotherproductsfromtheoutsideworld.BecauseChina’ssilkreachedtheWestalongthisroad,Europeanscholarscametocallitthe“SilkRoad”.

Awealthofhistoricalrelics,fascinatingsceneryandinterestinglocalculturesalongtheSilkRoadmakesthislongtriponeoftheworld’smostexcitingtouristattractions.ManyChineseethnicminoritiesscatteralongtheChineseportionoftheroad,allcourteousandhospitaltovisitorsfromtherestoftheworld.ThefoodandcraftsintheregionaredifferentfromthoseincentralChina.Andthefolkloreissimplyexoticandcolorful.

TheSilkRoadTourourtravelagencyofferswillstartfromtheancientcityofXi’anandendsatUrumqi,thecapitalofXinjiang.ThetourwillalsocoverLanzhou,DunhuangandTurpan.Allalongtheroute,youwilltakepleasureinthecharmsofthenaturallandscape,appreciatethesuperiorworkmanshipofancientartists,enjoylocaldelicaciesandmeetlocalpeople.Thistripwillcertainlyleaveyousweetmemoriesthatyouwills