热点11诺贝尔奖的相关情况(原卷版)-备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)

备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练热点11诺贝尔奖的相关情况以量子计算和量子通信为代表的第二次量子革命、曾被爱因斯坦质疑的量子纠缠、中国在全球率先发射的量子卫星……这些都是与刚刚揭晓的2022年诺贝尔物理学奖相关的热门话题。瑞典皇家科学院4日宣布，将2022年诺贝尔物理学奖授予法国科学家阿兰·阿斯佩、美国科学家约翰·克劳泽和奥地利科学家安东·蔡林格，以表彰他们在“纠缠光子实验、验证违反贝尔不等式和开创量子信息科学”方面所做出的贡献。10月4日，在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行的2022年诺贝尔物理学奖公布现场，屏幕上显示奖项得主阿兰·阿斯佩（左）、约翰·克劳泽（中）和安东·蔡林格的照片。量子力学从上世纪初诞生以来，催生了晶体管、激光等重大发明，这被科学界称为第一次量子革命。近来，以量子计算和量子通信为代表的第二次量子革命又在兴起。瑞典皇家科学院在诺奖公报中说，今年三位获奖者在量子纠缠实验方面的贡献，“为当前量子技术领域正发生的革命奠定了基础”。量子纠缠长期是量子力学中最具争议的问题之一。量子纠缠是一种奇怪的量子力学现象，处于纠缠态的两个量子不论相距多远都存在一种关联，其中一个量子状态发生改变，另一个的状态会瞬时发生相应改变。在很长一段时间里，以爱因斯坦为代表的部分物理学家对量子纠缠持怀疑态度，爱因斯坦称其为“鬼魅般的超距作用”。他们认为量子理论是“不完备”的，纠缠的粒子之间存在着某种人类还没观察到的相互作用或信息传递，也就是“隐变量”。20世纪60年代，物理学家约翰·贝尔提出可用来验证量子力学的“贝尔不等式”。如果贝尔不等式始终成立，那么量子力学可能被其他理论替代。为了对贝尔不等式进行验证，美国科学家约翰·克劳泽设计了相关实验，其中使用特殊的光照射钙原子，由此发射纠缠的光子，再使用滤光片来测量光子的偏振状态。经过一系列测量，克劳泽能够证明实验结果违反了贝尔不等式，且与量子力学预测相符。但这个实验具有局限性，原因包括实验装置在产生和捕获粒子方面效率较低、滤光片处于固定角度等。在此基础上，法国科学家阿兰·阿斯佩设计了新版本的实验，测量效果更好。阿斯佩填补了克劳泽实验的重要漏洞，并提供了一个非常明确的结果：量子力学是正确的，且没有“隐变量”。奥地利科学家安东·蔡林格后来对贝尔不等式进行了更多的实验验证。其中一项实验使用了来自遥远星系的信号来控制滤波器，确保信号不会相互影响，进一步证实了量子力学的正确性。蔡林格和同事还利用量子纠缠展示了一种称为量子隐形传态的现象，即将量子态从一个粒子转移到另一个粒子。其团队还在量子通信等方面有诸多研究进展。其中一项重要成果就是，2017年中国与奥地利科学家借助中国的“墨子号”量子卫星，成功实施世界首次量子保密的洲际视频通话。这也是为什么诺贝尔物理学奖评委托尔斯·汉斯·汉森在现场解读获奖成果时，展示了一张含有中国量子卫星的图片，其上显示了中国和欧洲之间的洲际量子通信实验。诺奖官方公报说，世界各地的研究人员已经发现了许多利用量子力学强大特性的新方法，而这些都得益于今年三位获奖者的贡献。他们扫除了贝尔不等式等“拦路虎”，这也是为什么公报称赞“他们的结果为基于量子信息的新技术扫清了道路”。（来源|新华网、科学＋）一、阅读理解1Whatwouldlifebelikeifyouwerearocker,asoccerplayer,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity,andaNobelPrizewinner?CarolynBertozzifromtheUSlivessuchacoollife!Bertozzi,56,sharesthisyear’sNobelPrizeinchemistrywithBarrySharpless（US）andMortenMeldal（Denmark）.Shebecamethisyear’sonlywomanwinnerinscienceandtheeighthwomantoreceivethechemistryprizeinhistory.Bertozziwontheprizeforstudyingthesugarcoatsofcells（细胞）.Shehasfoundasmartwaytoconnectcellsbyconnectingtheirsugarcoats.Thecellsthenhaveagreencolorsothatscientistscanseeclearlywheretheyareandhowtheymove.AccordingtotheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,thisfindinghasaquitegoodinfluenceonmedicine.Despitehergreatachievements,BertozzisaidshewasnotveryinterestedinchemistryuntilhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity.“Theprofessorsmadetheclassverydifficult.”shetoldChemistryWorldmagazine.“Myclassmatescomplainedalot,butitmatchedmybrain.”Exceptfordoingsciencestudies,Bertozzihaslivedacolorfullife.Shewasakeyboarder（键盘手）inarockband.“Ievenusedtothinkaboutmakingmusicmymajor（专业）.”shesaid.Shealsoplayedsoccer,andwonascholarshipinsportsfromHarvard.Asafemalescientist,Bertozzitriestoencouragefemalestudents.“Inthelate1980s,maybe10percentofthestudentswerefemale,”shesaid.“Thereweremaybeoneortwowomeninalab,sowetriedtosupporteachotherbystartingamonthlyget-togetherforallthewomenstudentsaroundme.”In2022,Bertozziwonanawardforthis.Herexperiencemadeherlearnaveryimportantlesson:Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtosucceedquickly.Allyouneedtodoistodosomeworkeverydayandsolveproblemsstepbystep.Thewaytosuccessmayfinallyappear.1.WhydidBertozziwinthisyear’sNobelPrize?A.Becauseshewasveryinterestedinchemistry.B.BecausesheistheeighthfemaleprofessoratStanfordUniversity.C.Becauseshefoundawaytoconnectcellsandmakethemclearertosee.D.Becauseshefoundanewtypeofcellswithagreencolor.2.HowmightBertozzidescribeherchemistryclassinhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity?A.Uselessanddifficult. B.Boringandsimple.C.Difficultandboring. D.Interestingandnottoohard.3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A.Bertozzioncewrotesongsforarockband.B.Bertozzioncestudiedmusicatheruniversity.C.Bertozzilivedacolorfullifeexceptfordoingresearch.D.Bertozziwonascholarshipbecauseofhertalentinchemistry.4.HowdidBertozziencouragefemalestudentsinthe1980s?A.Shesetanawardforwomeninscience.B.Sheincreasedthenumberoffemalestudentsby10percent.C.Shehelpedstartamonthlyget-togetherforwomentosupporteachother.D.Shebuiltanewlabforgirlstodoresearch.5.WhatdowelearnfromBertozzi?A.Weshouldlearnmusicinourlife. B.Weshouldwinprizesasmuchaspossible.C.Weshouldfindthewaystosuccessquickly. D.Weshouldbepatientandworkhardtosucceed.2Whatwillyoubedoingwhenyouare26yearsold?Studyingatuniversityorworkingforaliving?TakealookatwhatAlbertEinsteinwasdoingattheageof26.100yearsago,EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerland.Hishobbywasphysics.Withoutmuchmoneyorhelp,hewrotefivepapers(论文)foraphysicsmagazine.Threeofthesegreatlychangedthestudyofphysicsandourunderstandingofspace,time,lightandmatter(物质).HismostfamousworkisontheTheoryofRelativity(相对论).EinsteinwasgiventheNobelPrize(诺贝尔奖)forhisdiscoveries.Althoughhedidmanyotherthingslater,theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s“YearofWonders(奇迹)”.Ithasbeenmorethan110yearssincethen.Becauseofthis,theUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysics.FiftyyearsafterEinstein’sdeath,aquestionisasked,“WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?”Itmaytakealongtime.Afterall,Einsteinwasbornmorethan200yearsafterSirIsaacNewton,anothergreatscientist.Besides,physicsisadifferentfield(领域)now,andeducationisdifferent,too.Evenifyoucan’tbethenextgreatscientist,itisstillhelpfultoremembersomeofthethingsthatmadeEinsteingreat.Hethoughtindependently(独立地)andreadwidely.Heleftuswithaformula(公式)forlife:IfAisasuccessinlife,thenA=X+Y+Z.Xiswork;Yisplay;andZiskeepingyourmouthshut.6.Theyear1905isknownasEinstein’s“YearofWonders”because________.A.EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerlandin1905B.Einsteinwas26yearsoldin1905C.Einsteinmadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesin1905D.Einsteinstudiedphysicsin19057.Whyhasn’ttherebeenanotherscientistasgreatasEinstein?A.Becausethestudyofphysicsisnotenough.B.BecauseitishardtomakeimportantdiscoveriesasEinsteindid.C.Becausepeopledon’tworkhardanymore.D.Becausephysicsisgettingmoreandmoredifficult.8.TheUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysicsbecause________.A.Einsteinis100yearsoldthisyearB.Einsteinhasbeendeadfor50yearsC.therehavebeenothergreatdiscoveriesafterEinstein’sdeathD.itisthe100thyearsinceEinstein’s“YearofWonders”9.WhatdoesEinstein’sformulaofsuccessmean?A.Successmeansyearsofhardwork.B.Successmeansallstudyandnoplay.C.Successmeansworkinghard,relaxingandnottalkingtoomuch.D.Successisasecretthatnobodyknows.3①MarieCurieisafamousscientistwhoismostfamousfordiscoveringtwonewradioactiveelements(放射性元素).DuringtheFirstWorldWar,MarieCurieinventedagreatmachinewhichhavehelpedoveronemillionsoldiers.②MarieCuriewasborninPolandonthe7thNovember1867.Marie’sparentswerebothteachersandherfatherwouldoftenteachherscienceathome.Whenshegrewolder,Mariewantedtogotouniversityandlearnallaboutphysics.Unluckily,atthetimewomenwerenotallowedtostudyinPoland.ThismeantthatMariehadtomovetoFrancewhereshewasallowedtogotouniversity.③Aftershehadlearntallaboutphysicsatuniversity,Marieworkedinalabwithherhusband,PierreCurie.Duringthistime,Mariemadegreatprogressanddiscoveredtwonewradioactiveelementswhichhadneverbeenseenbefore.Becauseofheramazingdiscoveriesandworkinscience,MarieCuriebecamethefirstwomanevertowinaNobelPrize.Afewyearslater,MariewentontowinasecondNobelPrizewhichmadeherthefirstpersonevertowintwoNobelPrizes!④WhentheFirstWorldWarstarted,MarieCurieknewshehadtodosomethingtohelp.Mariehadrealizedthatwoundedsoldiersrecoveredbetteriftheyweretreatedquickly.Puttingherknowledgeandunderstandingofradiationtogooduse,Mariedecidedtoinventamachinewhichcouldhelpsoldiersclosetothefront.⑤Althoughshewasbornover150yearsago,Marie’sworkisstillwellknown.Amazingly,sometreatmentsbeingusedinhospitalstodaystartedoutasinventionsinherlab.ManyplacesevenuseMarie’snameasrecognitionofthegreatworkshecarriedout.10.MarieCuriewasthefirstwomanwhocan________.A.goabroad B.buildasciencelabC.studyphysics D.winaNobelPrize11.What’sthecorrectorderofMarieCurie’slife?a.MariewasborninPoland.b.Mariewenttolearnphysics.e.Marieworkedinthewar.d.MariefoundnewelementsA.a-d-b-e B.a-b-d-c C.b-a-c-d D.b-c-a-d12.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanprobablybe________.A.AchievementsinMarie’sLifeB.TwoDiscoveriesinMarie’sLifeC.Marie’sEducationExperiencesD.Marie’sLong-lastingInfluence13.What’sthestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.4ANobelPrizeisconsideredbymostpeopleasoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.Asyouknow,theprizeswerestartedbyaSwedishcalledAlfredNobel.HewasborninStockholm,thecapitalofSweden.AlfredNobelwasagreatscientist.Hemadetwoimportantinventions,andsohebecameveryrich.Althoughhewasrich,Nobelwasnothappy.Henevermarriedorhadchildren.Also,hewasasickmanduringhislargepartoflife.Whenhediedattheageof63,heleftafundof$9,000,000.Themoneywastobeusedingivingprizestothosewhomadegreatachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureandworldpeace.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenonDecember10,1901,fiveyearsafterNobel’sdeath.SincethenmanyfamouspeoplefromallovertheworldhavebeengivenNobelPrizesfortheirachievements.Eachprizehasthreeparts.Thefirstpartisagoldmedal.Second,awinnerofaNobelPrizeisgivenacertificate,sayingthathehasbeengiventheprize.Thethirdpartoftheprizeisalargeamountofmoney—about$40,000.Oftenaprizeisgiventojustoneperson,butnotalways.Sometimesaprizeisshared.Itmaybegiventotwoormorepeoplewhohaveworkedtogether.Itisalsosometimestruethataprizeisnotgivenatallifthereisnogreatachievement.In1972,forexample,noNobelPeacePrizewasgiven.14.WhatkindofpersonwouldyousayAlfredNobelwas?A.Hewasarich,happyandluckyman. B.Hewasapoor,unhappyandunluckyman.C.Hewasarich,butunhappyandunluckyman. D.Hewasapoor,buthappyandluckyman.15.Whenhedied,Nobelleftalargeamountofmoney________.A.tohiswife B.tohischildrenC.forhelpingthepoorpeopleinSweden D.forsettingfiveprizes16.Theunderlinedword“certificate”inthepassagemostprobablymeans________.A.证书 B.书信 C.票 D.卡片17.HowmanypersonsisaNoblePrizegivento?A.Notalwaysoneperson. B.Twopersons.C.Onlyoneperson. D.Threepersons.18.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenatonceafterNobeldied.B.Nobeldiedin1896.C.Thethirdpartofeachprizeisagoldmedal.D.TheNobelPrizeisalwaysgiven.5TheNoblePrizemaybethebestprizeintheworldonecanget.Thereareprizesforoutstanding(杰出的)peopleindifferentcategories:Chemistry,Physics,Physiology/Medicine,Literature,PeaceandEconomicSciences.ThewinnersareannouncedinOctober.Let’shavealookatthewinnerinLiterature(文学).Inthepasttwoyearswe’veseentheNobelPrizeforLiteraturegotoBelarusian(白俄罗斯的)reporterSvetlanaAlexievichandUSmusicianBobDylan.Thisyeartheprizereturnedtoamoretraditionalliterarywriter—theJapanese-bornEnglishwriterKazuoIshiguro.Accordingtothecommittee,Ishiguro’snovelshave“greatemotionalforce”anduncoverpeople’sconnectionwiththeworld.Ishigurohasbeenafull-timeauthoreversincehisfirstbook,APaleViewofHills,publishedin1982.InthebookIshigurotellsastoryofamiddle-agedJapanesewomanlivingaloneinEngland.Itmaybecommonforanimmigrant(移民的)authortowriteaboutthelivesofpeoplefromhisorhermothercountry.ButIshigurodoesn’tstopthere.Hewritesaboutdifferenttopicsandsetsstoriesindifferentplaces.ThestoryofWhenWeWereOrphanshappensinShanghai.InTheRemainsoftheDay,anEnglishbutler(管家)recallshisdaysduringWorldWarII.InNeverLetMeGo,Ishiguroevenwritesastoryofclones(克隆人).IshigurotoldTheGuardianthathewantsto“remindusofhowinternationaltheworldis”.19.ThispassageisabouttheNobelPrizewinnerin________.A.Chemistry B.Physics C.Literature D.Peace20.Wemayinfer(推断)thatusually________wintheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A.reporters B.writers C.musicians D.directors21.WhichisnottrueaboutKazuoIshiguro?A.HeusesEnglishtowritehisworks.B.HewasborninJapan.C.Hedoesn’thaveotherjobsD.HemainlywritesaboutthelivesofJapanesepeople.22.HowmanyworksofKazuoIshiguroarementioned?A.3 B.4 C.5 D.623.AllthefollowingmakeKazuoIshiguro’sworksoutstandingexcept________.A.heevenwritesaboutclonesB.heshowsgreatemotionalforceC.heuncoverspeople’sconnectionwiththeworldD.heremindsusofhowinternationaltheworldis6Forthepast20years,theTouchingChinaannualpeopleawardhashonoredpeoplefromallwalksoflifeacrossthecountry.Theyarepeoplewhowarmourheartswiththeiractions.OnMarch32022,the2021TouchingChinaAwardceremonyairedonCCTV.Teninspirationalrolemodelswereonthelist,YangZhenningisoneofthem.Whenmentioningthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,YangZhenningisanamenevertobeforgotten.YangwasbornonSeptember22,1922,inHefeiAnhui,China,andgrewupinthepeacefulandacademicalatmosphereofthecampusofTsinghuaUniversity.Fromayoungagehehadaninterestinphysics.Attheageof12,YangshowedhisgreatambitiontowinaNobelPrizeafterbeingattractedbyabookabouttheunknownsoftheuniverse.Withthisgoalinmind,Yangstudiedhard.Aftergettingamaster’sdegreeinTsinghuaUniversityin1944,YanggottheopportunitytofurtherhisstudiesintheUnitedStates.TherehemetanotherChinesestudent,Tsung-daoLee(李政道),whosharedthesameinterests,andtheyoftendiscussedthephysicsissuestogether.In1957,thetwojointlyproposedthetheoryofparitynon-conservationinweakinteractions(弱相互作用中宇称不守恒),whichmadeagreatcontributiontohigh-energyphysics.Oncethetheorywasputforward,itimmediatelycausedasensation(轰动)inthephysicscommunity.Monthslater,thetwowontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.ItletotherChinesepeopleknowthatChinesescientistscouldstandoutintheglobalsciencecommunityandbeontheglobalfrontier(前沿)tocompetewiththeirpeers.AttheNobelBanquet,Yangalsoexpressedhispride,saying,“IamasproudofmyChineseheritageandbackgroundasIamdevotedtomodernscience,apartofhumancivilizationofWesternorigin.”Nomatterwherehehasbeen,YangZhenninghasalwayshadhismotherlandinmind.However,thefrozenSino-USrelationshippreventedChinesescientistswhoobtained(获得)doctoraldegreesfromtheUSlikeYangfromreturningtoChina.In1971,YangfinallygotthechancetoreturntoChinaforavisit.Later,tosupportdomesticeducation,YangsoldamansionintheUS,donatingallthemoneytoTsinghuaUniversity.In2003,YangreturnedtoChinaandalsotaughtatTsinghua.Underhisinfluence,manyoverseasChinesealsoreturnedtoChinatomakecontributions,suchasTuringAwardwinnerYaoQizhi,physicistWuXiaogang,mathematicianZhangShouwu.24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.YangZhenningknewTsung-daoLeeinTsinghuaUniversityandgottheNobelPrizetogether.B.YangZhenningtakesprideinowningChinesebackground.C.YangZhenningcouldn’treturnhismotherlandbecauseoftheSino-USrelationship.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.站出来 B.表现 C.站起来26.What’sthebesttitleforthisarticle?A.YangZhenning’slovetohiscountry.B.YangZhenning’sinfluence.C.YangZhenning-oneofthe2021TouchingChinaannualpeople.27.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?(P1=Paragraph1)A. B. C.7MenwontheNobelPrizesinsciencemostofthetimeinthepast.Butthisyear,womenbecamethemaincharacters!JenniferDoudnafromtheUSandEmmanuelleChapentierfromFrancesharedtheNobelPrizeinChemistry.It’sthefirsttimeinhistoryfortwowomentowintheprizewithouthavingtoshareitwithaman.Atthesametime,USastronomerAndreaGhezbecamethefourthwomantowinaNobelPrizeinPhysics,whichshesharedwithtwootherscientists.ItsfirstfemalewinnerwasMarieCuriein1903.DoudnaandCharpentiergottheprizebecausetheydevelopedCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissors,atechnologythatcanrewriteDNAinthecellsofplants,animalsandmicro-organisms.Ithashada“greateffectonthelifesciences”,accordingtotheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences.Forexample,itcanhelpusdevelopcropsthatcanfightagainstsomenaturaldisasters.Itcouldalsohelptreatsomeseriousdiseasesinthefuture.OnhearingthattheywerethesixthandseventhwomentowintheChemistryPrize,Charpentiersaidthatshehopesgirlsandyoungfemalescientistswillunderstandthat“nothingisimpossibleandwomencanfindgreatdiscoveriesjustasmendo”.Ghez,whowasawardedforherresearchonblackhole,hadthesamefeeling.“I’mhappytobepartofthechangewheremorewomensucceed.Ithinkthat’sanimportantwayinwhichweencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists,”Ghezsaid.Inadditiontoherresearch,shewasalsooneoftheauthorsofthe2006children’sbookYouCanBeaWomenAstronomer.28.WhatdoesParagraph3focuson?A.Howtheydidtheirresearch.B.Whytheyweregiventheprize.C.Whattheyfoundintheirresearch.D.Howwinningtheprizehasmadeadifferenceintheirlives.29.WhatdoesGhezthinkaboutwinningaNobelPrize?A.Itwillchangeherlifeinabigway.B.Itprovesthatnothingisimpossible.C.Itshowsthatwomenaremoresuccessfulthanmen.D.Itcanencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists.30.Whatdoweknowfromthestory?A.ThereweresevenfemaleNobelPrizewinnersintotal.B.GhezsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicswithatleastoneman.C.Morewomenareworkingaschemiststhanastronomers.D.Ghezwillwriteachildren’sbookaboutwinningtheprize.8Inthe1960s,SyukuroManabestartedtostudyhowcarbondioxide(CO2二氧化碳)couldmakeEarthwarmer.Hediditoutofcuriosity(好奇心).OnOct.5,Manabegotthe2021NoblePrizeforhiswork.Curiosityhasdrivenscientiststomakenewfindings.Whatkindsofcuriosityledtothisyear’sNobelPrizeinscience?Takealook!NobelPrizeinphysicsThreescientistswonthisprizetogether.Japan-bornSyukuroManabeworksatPrincetonUniversity,US.Hemadeacomputermodel.ItshowedpeoplethatdoublingCO2wouldincreaseEarth’stemperaturebymorethan2degrees.Itwasthefirstmodeltostudyclimate.Hisworkgreatlyhelpedscientistsstudyclimatelater.TheothertwowinnersareGermanscientistKlausHasselmannandItalianscientistGiorgioParisi.NobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicine

Whycanwefeelcold,painortouch?AmericanscientistDavidJuliusandLebanon-bornArdemPatapoutianansweredthisquestion.Theyfoundsomespecialnervecells(神经细胞).Thesecellssendamessagetoourbrainswhenweeathotfoodorhugsomeone.Theirfindingscanhelptreatmanydisease.Forexample,somechildrencan’tseetheirhands.Theyneedtoseewheretheirfingersarewhentheypickupsomething.Thisfindingscouldhelpdevelopdrugs(药物)forthis.Itmayalsohelpmakehuman-likerobotsinthefuture!NobelPrizeinchemistryMakingnewmaterialsordrugsisnoteasy.Youoftenneedtobuildnewmolecules(分子).Atoms(原子)needtobeputtogetherthroughmanychemicalreactions(化学反应).Itisoftenslow.BenjaminListfromGermanyandScotland-bornDavidMacMillanfoundawaytomakechemicalreactionsfaster,easierandgreener.Eachofthemfoundacatalysttodothis.Theirworkhasgreatlyfastertheworld’sdrugdevelopment.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutthisyear’sNobelPrizeinphysics?A.Itcelebratesthestudyofscientist’scuriosity.B.Oneofthewinnersstudiedclimatechangewithacomputermodel.C.Itshowsthatcomputerskillsarenotimportantinscience.D.ThreeGermanscientistssharedtheprize.32.AccordingtoJuliusandPatapoutian,wecanfeelcoldorpainbecause________.A.somespecialnervecellssendmessagestoourbrainsB.ourbrainscanmakespecialnervecellsC.wecanfeelourownfingersD.therearechemicalreactionsinourbrains33.HowisListandMacMillan’sstudyhelpful?A.Itfoundsomenewmolecules.B.Ithelpsscientisttobuildnewmoleculeswithoutchemicalreactions.C.Ithelpsmakenewmaterialsordrugsfasterandeasier.D.Itshowsthatacatalystisnotamustformakingnewmaterials.34.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheimportanceofwinningaNobelprize.B.Howharditisforscientiststomakenewfindings.C.Thewinnersofthisyear’sNobelPrizeinscience.D.HowcuriosityhashelpedscientistswinNobelprizes.二、完形填空1YoumayknowtheEnglishlettersA,BandC.Butdoyouknowthereare__35__calledABC?Youmaylikeeatingbananas.Butdoyouknowthereissuchathingasa“bananaperson”?How__36__!Arethesepeoplefrom“anotherearth”?No,theyarejustChinesepeople__37__youandme.ABCmeans(意思是)American-born-Chinese.__38__ABCisaChinese,butwasbornintheUnitedStates.Sometimes,people__39__anABCa“bananaperson”.Abananaisyellowoutsideandwhiteinside.__40__,whenapersonisabanana,heorsheiswhiteinside—livinglikeaWesternerandyellowoutside—__41__likeaChinese.Doyouknowwhy?Usually,ABCsknow__42__aboutChinaortheChineselanguage(语言).Someofthemdon’t__43__Chinese.ButifABCscan’tspeakChinese,canwestillcallthemChinesepeople?Yes,ofcourse.TheyareChinese.Theyareoverseas(海外的)Chinese.Thesepeoplemaybecitizens(公民)ofanother___44___liketheUSA,CanadaorSingapore.ButtheyhaveChineseblood(血统).Theirparents,grandparentsorevengreat-grandparentswerefromChina.Theyallhaveblackeyesandblackhair.ButtheyarenotChinesecitizens.Forexample,weallknowthefamousscientistDingZhaozhong.HegottheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1976.Chinesepeoplelovehim.ButheisanAmericancitizen.35.A.things B.animals C.people D.fruits36.A.strange B.nice C.fresh D.dangerous37.A.except B.like C.as D.about38.A.A B.An C.The D./39.A.ask B.say C.give D.call40.A.And B.But C.So D.Or41.A.looking B.sounding C.smelling D.feeling42.A.much B.many C.few D.little43.A.know B.tell C.speak D.learn44.A.city B.country C.village D.town2TheOldManandtheSeaisashortnovel____45____thefamousAmericanwriterErnestHemingway.Hewroteitin1951whenhewas52yearsoldanditisoneofhisbest-knownworks.Threeyears____46____,HemingwaywontheNobelPrizeinLiteratureforit.Thebooktellsastoryofanoldfisherman____47____Santiago.After84____48____ofcatchingafishoutinthesea,heishungry,poorandalone.Theothervillagerskeepawayfromhimbecausetheythinkhis____49____luckmightmakethemunluckytoo.Finally,hisluckchangesandhehooks(钓)ahuge____50____.Withmuchdifficulty,hebringsitontohisboat.Buthistroublesarenotover.Somesharkstrytotakeawayhiscatch.He____51____infightingoffthesharkswiththehelpofaboynamedManolin.____52____,helosesthefish.ButheisstillhopefulabouthislifeanddevelopsagoodfriendshipwithManolinintheend.Ilikethisbook____53____thestoryisinteresting.IlikethecharacterofSantiagobecauseheshowsalotofcourageandperseverance(勇气和毅力).Thestory____54____methinkalotanditslanguageissimpleandbeautiful.Iwillsurelytellmyfriendsaboutit.Ithinktheywilllikeittoo.45.A.in B.for C.by46.A.ago B.later C.after47.A.called B.learned C.said48.A.minutes B.years C.days49.A.good B.bad C.difficult50.A.fish B.shark C.bag51.A.succeeds B.fails C.tries52.A.Luckily B.Suddenly C.Unluckily53.A.because B.although C.until54.A.asks B.makes C.tells三、短文首字母填空TuYouyouisaChinesemedicalscientist.ShegottheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineonOct5,2015.“Ourscientificdiscoveryisagifttohumanbeings.It’stheachievementofourwholeteam.Also,winningtheprizeisanhonorforChinesescience,”Tusaid.TuYouyouwasth