非谓语动词-精简版

倍夺分英语教育第4页共24页非谓语动词非谓语动词包括：不定式、分词和动名词。不定式：todotodothehomeworktoplayhappilytoeataredappletomakeiteasier1、不定式的否定形式：nottodoTheteachertoldustostudyhard.老师让我们努力学习。Theteachertoldusnottoplaycomputergames.老师告诉我们不要玩电脑游戏。2、不带to的不定式：(to)do3、不定式在句子中充当的成分1.作主语不定式相当于名词Tolearnaforeignlanguageisimportant.学习一门外语很重要。2.作宾语不定式相当于名词Theboywantstogotoschool这个男孩想要上学。3.作表语不定式相当于名词Myhobbyistocollectstamps.我的爱好是集邮。4.作定语不定式相当于形容词Ihavequitealotofhomeworktodo.我有很多作业要做。5.作状语不定式相当于副词Hecameheretoseehisfather.（目的状语）他来这里是为了看望他的父亲。6.作宾补Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他把收音机的声音调小些。4、“不带to的不定式”的固定搭配使役动词letsbdosthmakesbdosthhavesbdosth让/使某人做某事Lethergo.让她走。感官动词seesbdosthhearsbdosthnoticesbdosth看到/听到/注意到某人做了某事Iheardhercrylastnight.昨晚，我听到她哭了。★helpsbdosth=helpsbtodosth帮助某人做某事注意：当以上动词（除let，let一般不用于被动语态）变为被动语态时,不定式必须加上to。即：bemadetodo，beseentodo，beheardtodo如:Hewasseentorepairthemachine.他被看到把机器修理了。★goontodosthgoondoingsth继续去做另一件事继续做某事★trytodosthtrydoingsth尽力做某事尝试做某事5、可用不定式作宾补（“动词+宾语+不定式”）的常见动词wantsb(not)todo想要某人（不要）做某事tellsb(not)todo告诉某人（不要）做某事teachsb(not)todo教育某人（不要）做某事enablesb(not)todo使某人能够（不要）做某事allowsb(not)todo允许某人（不要）做某事advisesb(not)todo建议某人（不要）做某事persuadesb(not)todo劝告某人（不要）做某事encouragesb(not)todo鼓励某人（不要）做某事permitsb(not)todo允许某人（不要）做某事ordersb(not)todo命令某人（不要）做某事invitesb(not)todo邀请某人（不要）做某事causesb(not)todo导致某人（不要）做某事warnsb(not)todo警告某人（不要）做某事6、it作形式主语和形式宾语，代替不定式Itisimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.学习一门外语很重要。It’snecessaryforthestudentstodoeyeexercisestwiceaday.学生们一天做两次眼保健操是必要的。It’skindofyoutohelpme.你帮了我，你太好了。“It+be+形容词+（for/ofsb）+todosth”It作形式主语，不定式作真正主语，for/ofsb是不定式的逻辑主语注：当形容词是careful,clever,kind,nice,good,right,wrong等时，用ofsb。当形容词difficult,hard,easy,dangerous,important等时，用forsb。Ittakeshimaquartertocutthehair.=Ittakesaquarterforhimtocutthehair.他剪头发花了一刻钟。It+take+sb+一段时间+todosth=It+take+一段时间+forsb+todosth表示“某人做某事花费了多长时间”It作形式主语，不定式作真正主语，sb或forsb是不定式的逻辑主语。It’sagoodideatogoswimmingafterschool.放学后去有用，是个不错的想法。It’sabouthalfanhour’swalktogetherefromthehospital.从医院到这儿，大约要走半个小时。It+be+名词+todosthIt作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。IfounditveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.我发现学好英语很难。find/make/think/believe+it+形容词+不定式it作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语findit+adj.+todosth发现做某事…makeit+adj.+todosth使得做某事…thinkit+adj.+todosth认为做某事…believeit+adj.+todosth相信做某事…7、不定式作后置定语JohnSmithistheonlypersontoknowthesecret.约翰史密斯是唯一知道那个秘密的人。Thedirectorisalwaysthelastonetoleave.导演总是最后一个离开的人。Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.请给我写吃的。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他正在找一个住的地方。（liveinaroom正）Heislookingforaroomtolive.他正在找一个住的地方。（livearoom误）不定式作定语，需后置；不定式与它所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系时，不及物动词要加上一定的介词。8、“疑问词+不定式”作主语Whentostartisstillaproblem.何时出发仍然是个问题。作宾语Idon’tknowwhattosay.我不知道说什么。作表语Ourproblemishowtosavewater.我们的问题是如何节水。疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why与不定式连用（疑问代词和疑问副词在不定式中充当宾语、状语等成分），“疑问词+不定式”结构相当于名词，可以作句子中的主语、宾语、表语等。Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道该做什么。Iwilltellhimhowtomakeit.我将告诉他怎么制作它。当不定式有宾语时用疑问副词how，无宾语时用疑问代词what。“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，可以和宾语从句相互转换。Hedidn’tknowwhenheshouldgo.他不知道他应该何时走。=Hedidn’tknowwhentogo.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.我不知道我应该做什么。=Idon’tknowwhattodo.Wehaven’tdecidedwhenwe’llleavehere.我们还没有决定我们将要何时离开这里。=Wehaven’tdecidedwhentoleave.9、区分“不定式符号to”与“介词to”“不定式符号to”与动词原形构成“todo不定式”“介词to”后跟名词或动名词（V-ing）使用介词to的常见固定搭配：lookforwardto(doing)sth期待、盼望（做）某事beusedto(doing)sth习惯于（做）某事devoteto(doing)sth献身于、致力于（做）某事makeacontributionto(doing)sth为……做出贡献动名词：动词原形+ingdoingthehomeworkplayinghappilyeatingaredapplemakingiteasier1、动名词的否定形式：notV-ing如：Hemademeangrybynottakingthemedicine.他不吃药，使我很生气。2、动名词起名词的作用，在句子中可充当的成分有：作主语Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实作宾语Ilikeswimming.我喜欢游泳。作表语Herjobisteaching.她的工作是教育。作定语Hehasareadingroom.他有一个阅览室。3、不定式和动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语，特指具体一次动作Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.玩火将很危险。（特指具体一次玩火动作）动名词作主语，泛指抽象（多次性）行为Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。（泛指玩火行为）4、后接动名词的常见动词完成实践值得忙继续习惯别放弃考虑建议不禁想喜欢思念要介意finish,practise,beworth,bebusykeepon,beusedto,giveupconsider,suggest,can’thelp,feellikeenjoy,miss,mindfinishdoingsth完成做某事practisedoingsth练习做某事beworthdoingsth值得做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事keep(on)doingsth继续做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事giveupdoingsth放弃做某事considerdoingsth考虑做某事suggestdoingsth建议做某事can’thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事feellikedoingsth想要做某事enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事missdoingsth思念做某事minddoingsth介意做某事avoiddoingsth避免做某事endupdoingsth以做某事结束begoodatdoingsth=dowellindoingsth擅长做某事lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事stopsb(from)doingsthpreventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事spend+时间+（in）doing花多长时间做某事What/Howaboutdoingsth?做某事怎么样？5、No+动名词，表示“禁止……”Nosmoking.禁止吸烟Noparking.禁止停车分词：现在分词和过去分词1、分词的构成（略）2、分词的否定形式：not+分词Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.不知道怎么算出这道数学题，我走过去问老师。3、分词起形容词的作用，在句子中可以充当的成分有：作表语现在分词表示“使人……的”，物作主语Thestoryisinteresting.这个故事很有趣。过去分词表示“感到……的”，人作主语Heisinterestedinscience.他对科学感兴趣。作宾补Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。宾语是分词的逻辑主语。现在分词与逻辑主语构成主动语态；过去分词与逻辑主语构成被动语态。He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.放学后他要去理发。作定语Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗？被修饰词是分词的逻辑主语。现在分词与逻辑主语构成主动语态；过去分词与逻辑主语构成被动语态。Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.请交上你们的笔试练习。作状语Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。句子主语是分词的逻辑主语。现在分词与逻辑主语构成主动语态；过去分词与逻辑主语构成被动语态。Seenfromthemoon,theearthlooksgreen.从月亮上看时，地球是绿色的。4、词组辨析interestinterested感兴趣的MybrotherininterestedinSeresting有趣的Scienceisinteresting.Ilikeinterestingstories.amazeamazed感到惊奇的Lucyisamazedatthenews.amazing令人惊奇的Thenewsisamazing.Ihaveheardabouttheamazingnews.exciteexcited感到兴奋的Weareexcitedaboutfootballmatch.exciting令人兴奋地Thefootballmatchisexciting.Wewatchedtheexcitingfootballmatch.surprisesurprised感到吃惊的Heissurprisedattheresult.surprising令人吃惊的TheresultissurprisingWedon’twantthesurprisingresult.5、使用现在分词作宾补的常见动词seeseesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事（动作正在进行）seesbdosth看见某人做了某事（动作全过程）hearhearsbdoingsth听见某人正在做某事（动作正在进行）hearsbdosth听见某人做了某事（动作全过程）noticenoticesbdoingsth注意到某人正在做某事（动作正在进行）noticesbdosth注意到某人做了某事（动作全过程）非谓语动词中注意点：1、have固定搭配havesbdosth让某人做某事，等同于letsbdosth,makesbdosthhavesbdoingsth让某人做某事，等同于keepsbdoingsth,具有持续、进行的意味。havesthdone（让别人）做某事Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。2、hope后能跟不定式或从句作宾语，不能接不定式作宾补，而wish可以接不定式作宾语，也可接不定式作宾补。hopehopetodosth（正）hopesbtodosth（误）hopethat…（正）wishwishtodosth（正）wishsbtodosth（正）wishthat…（正）补充知识：动名词与现在分词的区别动名词现在分词词性名词形容词可充当成分可以作名词可以充当的成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语可以作形容词可以充当的成分：表语、宾补、定语、状语当-ing形式在句中作主语、宾语时,它肯定是动名词。当-ing形式在句中作状语时,它肯定是现在分词。当-ing形式在句中作表语时，如果-ing相当于名词，它就是动名词；如果-ing相当于形容词，它就是现在分词。Thesituationbothathomeandabroadisveryinspiring.（“鼓舞人心的”，是现在分词）Oneofthebestexercisesisswimming.（“游泳”，是动名词）当-ing形式在句中作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途；现在分词和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作。asleepingbag（动名词）asleepingchild（现在分词）aswimmingpool（动名词）aswimminggirl（现在分词）宾语Theydecided___thesciencemuseumafterschool.AvisitBvisitedCtovisitDvisitingLinTaodoesn’tknow___it.AhowtodoBwhattodoChowuseDdowhatHefound___difficulttogotosleepatnight.AthisBitCthatThegirlenjoys___totheradioverymuch.AlistenBtolistenClisteningDlistenedTeachersmuststopthestudentsfrom____(smoke).Mymotherisbusy___(get)readyforChristmas.主语___isimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’sdifficult___amiddleschoolstudentstodevelopaprogram.It’sverykind____youtohelpme.______________toomuchchocolateisbadforyourteeth.AEatBEatingCAteDEats定语Wouldyoulikesomething___(eat)?Ihavenoroom.AliveBlivingCtoliveDtolivein宾补Mothertoldme___someclotheslastnight.AwashBtowashCwashedDwashing改错：Ihopeyoutolearnfromhim.HowdidLingFengmakethebady____(stop)crying?Theworkersweremade___(work)dayandnight.不定式的否定形式Thepolicemantoldthechildren___ontheroad.AtonotplayBnotplayCnottoplayDdidn’tplayAfterhegothome,hebegan____(do)hishomework.Jimlikes___basketball,buthelikes____(play)footballthisafternoon.-Doyoustillremember___mesomewhereinBeijing?-Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.AtoseeBseeCseeingDsawThoughitrainedveryheavily,theywenton____.AworkingBtoworkCworksDworkedDon’tstop___(have)arestbeforeyoufinishyourwork.--Haveyoufinished___thebook?--Notyet.I’lltry___ittoyoubeforeFriday.Areading…returningBtoread…returnCreading/toreturnDtoread/returningWhenIwaswalkingpastthepostoffice,Isawtheaccident____(happen).Weheardher____(cry)forhelpwhenwepassedby.固定用法及句型Thehospitalisveryfarfromhere.You’dbetter___(take)ataxi.Wouldyouplease___(notdrop)yourshoesonthefloor?Whynot____(have)ashortrestunderthebigtree?Hespendsanhour___(read)Englisheveryday.Ittookusaboutaweek___(finish)thework.Theyprefer___(buy)anewpenratherthan____(repair)it.I单项选择1You’dbetter___earlytomorrow.AgettingupBtogetupCgetupDgotup2Nothingcouldmakehim___hiscountry.AturnagainstBtoturnagainstCturningagainstDturnedagainst3Thechildrenhavebeenwarned___fire.AnottoplayBnotplaywithCnotdoplaywithDdon’tplaywith4AskJohn___onthewall.AnotwritingBnotwriteCnottowriteDdon’twrite5Letme___twoboxesforyou.AcarryBtocarryCcarryingDcarried6Don’tforget___younewEnglishbooktomorrow.AbringingBtobringCbringDbrought7Remember__thedoorwhenyouleavetheroom.AturnoffBcloseCtocloseDclosing8Idon’tknow__themachine.AhowrunBhowrunningChowIrunDhowtorun9Theworkerswantus___togetherwiththem.AworkBworkingCtoworkDworked10Hewastoofrightened__________.AmoveBmovingCmovesDtomove11Goon___theotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.AdoingBtodoCwithDtobedoing12Haveyoudecided___?Yes,tomorrowmorning.AtoleaveBtobeleavingCwillyouleaveDwhentoleave13It’sagoodidea__swimmingafterschool.AgoingBtogoCwentDwill14Ihope__itassoonaspossible.AtoworkoutBtobeworkedoutCworkingoutDtobeworkingout15Theproblemisdifficult___.AtoworkoutBtobeworkedoutCworkingoutDtobeworkingout16You’dbetter__out.It’sraininghard.Adon’tgoBnotwentCnottogoDnotgo17Tellhim__inthesun.AtoreadnotBtonotreadCnottoreadDnotread18Idon’tknow___.AwhichtobuyshirtBtobuywithshirtCwhichshirtbuyDwhichshirttobuy19Ihavesomethingimportant___you.AtotellBtellingCtellDtold20It’saverynice__youto__methebike.Afor,lendBof,lendCfor,borrowDof,borrow21Whynot___us?AtojoinBjoiningCjoinDtobejoining22Heisn’toldenough___thearmy.AjoinBjoiningCjoinedDtojoin23Theworkerweremade___overtwelvehoursaday.AworkBworkingCtoworkDworked24Theteacheraskedustostop___thenewwordsafterwereadthetextforalongtime.AreadingBtoreadCreadDtoreading25Tomaskedhisfather___himanewball.AbuyBtobuyCbuyingDbought26It’sabouthalfanhour’swalk__herefromthehospital.AgetBgettingCtogetDgot27Hasanythingtobedone__thestrike?AtoendBendCendedDending28Heissure__heretonight.AcomingBcomeCtocomeDcomes29Wouldyoulike___footballwithus?AtoplayBplayingCplayDplayedII动词不定式练习1Theyweresopleased____________(see)eachotherthattheyforgoteverything.2Wesawthatman__________________(go)intothatbuildingjustnow.3Onhiswayhomehemetafriendofhisandstopped___________(talk)tohim.4Mumtoldthelittleboy______________(notmake)somuchnoiseintheroom.5Finallyhedecided_________________(join)thearmy.6Theteachersaskedthestudent________(try)_________(nottalk)inclass.7Thereisnoroomforus______________(sit)down.8Hedoesn’tknowhow_______________(use)acomputer.9Haveyougotanything_________________(eat)?I’mhungry.10Wereallydon’tknowwhat_________________(do)next.III动词不定式练习1Marydidn’tkno