定语从句复习2

语法Grammar定语从句TheAttributiveClauses形容词性从句--定语从句1、在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词、代词、句子叫做定语从句。（在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。）2、被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句放在先行词之后。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.I’vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.定语从句常用关系词关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）关系副词：where(onwhich),when(inwhich),why(forwhich)（在句中作状语）e.g.Themanwholivedonthethirdfloorwasafamousscientist.先行词关系代词定语从句定语从句引导词的选择取决于先行词（被修饰词）在定语从句中的位置、成分。e.g.Thepeoplewhom\who\thatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（作宾语）

Thiswasthetimewhen\atwhichsheleftforBeijing. Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.使用要点1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。e.g.Theclassroom

thatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.

2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。e.g.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks.3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.关系代词指代在句子中的成分例句that指人主语指物宾语who指人主语宾语which主语指物宾语whose指人或物的所有格whom指人宾语where指地点状语when指时间状语why指原因状语关系代词关系副词Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.()6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.

定语介宾宾语状语定语从句简化四法当定语从句有谓语动词后面是介词短语,只而去掉关系代词和谓语动词即可.e.g.ThestudentthatisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.---------ThestudentfromCanadaspeaksFrench.Thebookthat/whichisontableisexpensive.----------thebookonthetableisexpensive.(2)

当定语从句是主动结构,且为进行时态,或当定语从句表示经常的动作或状态时,可以简化为现在分词短语.TheboythatisreadingabookisTom.------theboyreadingabookisTom.Thestudentswhostudyhereareallfromworkerfamilies.-------thestudentsstudyinghereareallfromworkerfamilies.(3)当定语从句为被动语态是,支掉关系词或助动词,使之成为一个过去分词短语.Thisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyaworker.-----thisisabookwrittenbyaworker.Wecanseemanydinosaurswhichwerediscoveredbyyou.-----wecanseemanydinosaursdiscoveredbyyou(4)当定语从句中的谓语动词表示一个将要发生的动作或具有某种情态意义时,可以简化为动词不定式.Shehasalotofworkthatshemustdo.-----shehasalotfworktodo.Heisthefirstwhoarrivesandthelastwholeaves.-----heisthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.一、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：当关系词在定语从句中作主语是，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。1.TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.2.TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.二、定语从句中动词时态的问题。定语从句根据表达的需要选用相应的时态。e.g.1.WhereisthestudentwhomImetjustnow?2.WhereisthestudentwhomIwillvisitsoon?3.Whereisthestudentwhoisondutytoday?考点一：that和which三、以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing,none等。e.g.

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.Ihadtoremembereverythingthattaughtme注：先行词是something时，关系代词可用that或which;先行词是someone,anyone，someboby,anyboby,noboby时（即指人）关系代词用that或who.2.先行词前有形容词最高级时，或是最高级时，用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.HeworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthatIhadseen.考点一：that和which3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame,thejust等修饰时，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.HeisthelastmanthatIwanttosee.Ineedthesamebookthat/asyouhave.注：当选行词是thesame

时，也可以用as.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.6.先行词被序数词或thelast修饰时，e.g.Hewasthefirstpersonthat

gottotheMountEmei.Thisisthefourthfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisteam.Thefirstthingthatyoumustdoistohaveameal.7.先行词是或被不定代词all,few,little,much,evey,some,no等修饰时。E.g.Ihavedoneallthathetoldustodo.

我已完成了他让我做的一切。

HehasnobooksthatIneed.

他没有我所需要的书。

Thisislittleworkthatisfitforyou。

几乎没有适合你的工作了。8.当先行词是疑问词who，which,what或主句以这些词开头时，e.g.whichisthestarthat

isnevertotheearth?Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.9.当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；定语从句简化四法当定语从句有谓语动词后面是介词短语,只而去掉关系代词和谓语动词即可.e.g.ThestudentthatisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.---------ThestudentfromCanadaspeaksFrench.Thebookthat/whichisontableisexpensive.----------thebookonthetableisexpensive.(2)

当定语从句是主动结构,且为进行时态,或当定语从句表示经常的动作或状态时,可以简化为现在分词短语.TheboythatisreadingabookisTom.-