杭州师范大学外国语学院综合英语历年考研真题及详解

目录

2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语考研真题及详解

2011年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解

2012年杭州师范大学716综合英语考研真题及详解

2013年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解

2014年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解

2015年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解

2016年杭州师范大学724综合英语考研真题及详解

2017年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解

2018年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解

2019年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解

2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语

考研真题及详解

PartⅠ.Cloze(20points)

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.

Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabout

theirpastlives,(1)_____aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenot

simplyrandomortrivialmemories,(2)_____istheirpurposemerelyto

makeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto(3)

_____anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:(4)_____anyrole

thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide(5)_____tothefuture,the

individualmentionstheirpastasaremindertolisteners,thatherewasalife

(6)_____living.(7)_____,thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife(8)

_____,inwhichtheoldperson(9)_____theeventsandexperiencesofthe

yearsgonebyand(10)_____ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherown

almostcompletedlife.

Asthelifecycle(11)_____toitsclose,theagedmustalsolearntoacceptthe

realityoftheirownimpendingdeath.(12)_____thistaskismadedifficult

bythefactthatdeathisalmosta(13)_____subjectintheUnitedStates.The

merediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas(14)_____.Asadultsmanyof

usfindthetopicfrighteningandare(15)_____tothinkaboutit—and

certainlynottotalkaboutit(16)_____thepresenceofsomeonewhois

dying.

Deathhasachievedthistaboo(17)_____onlyinthemodernindustrial

societies.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto(18)

_____theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains(19)_____our

control;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses(20)_____isso.

1.A.betterthan

B.ratherthan

C.lessthan

D.otherthan

2.A.so

B.even

C.nor

D.hardly

3.A.preserve

B.conserve

C.resume

D.assume

4.A.performing

B.playing

C.undertaking

D.lacking

5.A.orientation

B.implication

C.succession

D.presentation

6.A.worthy

B.worth

C.worthless

D.worthwhile

7.A.Inaword

B.Inbrief

C.Inaddition

D.Inparticular

8.A.prospect

B.impetus

C.impression

D.review

9.A.integrates

B.incorporates

C.includes

D.interacts

10.A.reckons

B.counts

C.reflects

D.conceive

11.A.keeps

B.draws

C.inclines

D.tends

12.A.Therefore

B.And

C.Yet

D.Otherwise

13.A.taboo

B.dispute

C.contempt

D.neglect

14.A.notorious

B.indecent

C.obscure

D.desperate

15.A.ready

B.willing

C.liable

D.reluctant

16.A.at

B.on

C.with

D.in

17.A.status

B.circumstance

C.environment

D.priority

18.A.encounter

B.confront

C.tolerate

D.expose

19.A.under

B.above

C.beyond

D.within

20.A.which

B.what

C.as

D.that

【答案与解析】

1.B句意：老年人谈论过去而不是未来。ratherthan而不是。betterthan

多于；好于。lessthan少于。otherthan表示除了；不同于。故B项为正确

答案。

2.C语法题。本句中前半部分为否定句，nor引导否定句且句子倒装。

3.A考查动词。preserve和conserve都有“保存，保持”的意思，但是只有

preserve可以和identity搭配，表示保持住身份。resume继续。assume假

设。故A项为正确答案。

4.D从上下文逻辑来看此处应选lacking（缺乏）与role搭配，意为“缺乏

这种角色”。performarole和playarole表示“起作用，承担角色”。

undertake表示“承担，担任”。故D为正确答案。

5.A句意：他们不再充当受人尊敬的角色，也没有能给未来确定方向

的生活目标。orientation方向。implication暗示；含义。succession连续。

presentation展示。故A项为正确答案。

6.B语法题。beworth+名词/doing意为“值得”，此处的名词往往是钱数

或相当于代价的比喻性名词。beworthyof意为“值得”。worthless无价值

的。worthwhile值得的，作表语或定语。故B项为正确答案。

7.C语篇连接题。inaddition另外。inaword总而言之。inbrief简言之。

inparticular特别。根据上下文意思，此处需填表示递进的短语，文章前

一句讲回忆有助于老年人保留住他们的身份，后一句讲回忆成为了老年

人不断回顾的生活的一部分，故C项为正确答案。

8.D语意搭配题。lifereview生活回顾。prospect展望；前景。impetus动

力，推动力。impression印象。故D项为正确答案。

9.A语意搭配题。integrate把……集成；综合。incorporate合并，结合

（成一体）。include包含（作为其中的一部分）。interact与……交往/

沟通。根据原文，老年人的生活回顾是指把过去发生的事件和他们的经

历综合起来，故A项为正确答案。

10.C语意搭配题。reflecton/upon反省，反思。reckonon指望，盼望。

counton指望。conceive构想出，认为。此处需要一个动词与下文的

meaning搭配，因此只有“思考生命的意义”符合逻辑，故C项reflects正

确。

11.B固定搭配。drawtoaclose渐进结束；告终。故B项为正确答案。

12.Cyet然而。therefore因此。and和。otherwise否则。此处表示转折，

故C项为正确答案。

13.A语意搭配题。句意：死亡在美国是一个忌讳的话题。taboo禁忌，

忌讳。dispute争端。contempt蔑视。neglect疏忽，不留心。故A项为正

确答案。

14.B语意搭配题。indecent不成体统的，不体面的。notorious臭名昭著

的，声名狼藉的。obscure晦涩的；模糊的。desperate绝望的。根据上下

文，上句说死亡是忌讳的话题，因此，谈论死亡会被看作是不成体统

的，故B项为正确答案。

15.D固定搭配。bereluctantto不乐意，不情愿。

16.A固定搭配。atthepresenceof在……面前。

17.A语意搭配题。status表示“地位”，可与前面的动词achieve连用，说

明在现代工业社会里，谈论死亡处于人们忌讳的境况。circumstance指

某事件或动作发生时的“情况”。environment表示“环境（总称）”。

priority表示“优先权”。全句可译为：只有在现代工业社会里，死亡才成

为人们忌讳的话题。故A项为正确答案。

18.Bconfront面对。encounter遭遇。tolerate容忍。expose揭露。此处表

示面对死亡，故B项为正确答案。

19.C词语搭配题。beyond（指空间）在……那一边，在借喻中有“超

出”之意，偏重于客观事物非本身能力所能达到或完成。undercontrol表

示“情况正常，处于控制之下”。above强调本身凌驾于一般标准之上。

within通常不与control连用。故C项为正确答案。

20.D考查关系从句。前方有only修饰时，关系代词只能用that。故D项

为正确答案。

PartⅡ.ReadingComprehension(40points)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberof

questionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwithfour

suggestedanswers.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheanswerONYOUR

ANSWERSHEET.

TEXTA

WhenIwasaschoolgirlIimaginedmyselfat60,cladinlongblacklace,

gnarledhandsgrippingasilver-headedstick,layingdownthelawtomy

grandchildren.Thatseemslaughablenow:plentyofpeoplescarcelynotice

whentheyturn60,planningtripsandgardensanduniversitycoursesinto

their70s;wecanalmostthinkthatrealoldagehasbeenabolished.But

gnarledfingershaven’tbeendiscontinued,eyesandearsdeclineasbefore;

time’swingedchariothasn’tgoneoutofservice:itsimplycatchesupwithus

later.Theage,whichseemed,whenonewasyoung,torepresentvast

antiquity,mayperhapshavebeenpushedupwardsbyadecadeortwo,butit

hasn’tdisappeared.Facing80andbeyond,it’snotthepastthat’sanother

countrybutthefutureandwefearthat,indeed,theydothingsdifferently

there.

Everyoneknowswe’realllivinglonger:in1880,onlyabout160,000inevery

millionmadeitto75;nowit’smorethan600,000andtheQueenneeds

thousandsofcardsforthosewhoreach100.Butstatisticsaside,howdowe,

cheerfullyploughingthroughour60sand70s,feelaboutwhat’stocome

turning80?Sofar,youcouldsaywe’veneverhaditsogoodthelast

generation.Wehavedecentpensions,mortgagespaidoffandchildrenoutof

thehouse(withluck);we’reactive,involved,oftenstillworking,andifwe

gointohospitalforthisorthat,wecomeoutagainnearlyasgoodasnew.

Eventhemarketisgettingroundtorealisingthatwehavemoremoneythan

anyotheragegroup,andclassifyusas“goldenpleasure-seekers.”

Or,atleast,someofusare.Thefactis,there’smoredifferencebetweenthe

havesandhave-notsinthisagegroupthaninanyother,andrealoldagehits

thehave-notsfarsoonerthantheluckyones.Arecentsurveyfoundthatthe

differencebreakssquarelyalongthelinesofmoneyandeducation:thosewith

botharelightyearsawayfromthesolitaryoldfolkthatcharitiesurgeusto

visit,desperatelyhardup,toocreakytogooutmuchandterrifiedofthugson

theestate.Placemakesadifferencetoo:aLondonerwithafreepublic

transportpassandconcessionstocinemasandexhibitionsdoesfarbetterthan

someonewhocan’tdriveanymore,strandedupamuddylaneinthecountry

withthepostofficecloseddownandthebusrunningonalternateTuesdays.

Someofthepeoplesostrandedsayit’slikebeingburiedalive.Toomany

peoplemakeaplanforretirementthatworksexcellentlyuntiltheyturn80

andcan’twalkthemiletothevillageorthebusstopandhavetowaitfor

someonetogivethemalift.Becomingelderlyisnotjustaquestionofbeing

oldcrucially,it’showold.

“Itcomesassuchasurprise,”saidonewomanof78,“tobeletdownbyyour

body.Youwakeup,you’rebrightasabutton,youcoulddoanythingand

thenyouabsolutelyhavetohaveasleepafterlunch.”Increasingly,wefeel

thatourmindsareasclearasever,exceptofcoursefortheodd“senior

moment”whenyoucan’trememberthenameofyourlastemployeroreven

yourlastmeal.Yousetoutforawalkwithyoungerpeople,youlikewalks,

whynot,butyou’reabsolutelyknackeredbythetimeyoureachthepub.

21.Whentheauthorwasyoung,sheusedtothinkwhenyourreach60,

_____.

A.youbecomereallyold

B.youcanhavegrandchildren

C.youcanwearblacklace

D.youbecomearuleroftheyoung

22.Whichisnottrueoftheconditionsoftheelderlyasdescribedinthe

article?

A.Theyarebetterofffinanciallythanthelastgeneration.

B.Mostofthemowntheirownhouses.

C.Thehavebetterhealthcarethanthelastgeneration.

D.Mostofthemlivewiththeirchildren.

23.Thewaytheelderlypeopleliveareaffectedbywhether_____.

A.theytakeeducationalcoursesafterretirement

B.theylivealoneornot

C.theyliveinthecitiesorinremoteareasinthecountry

D.theymadeplansornot

24.Theauthorusedtheexampleofthe78yearoldwomaninthelast

paragraphtoshow_____.

A.theelderlyneedmoresleep

B.theelderlycannotkeepupwiththeyoung

C.ourbodyrefusestoobeyourmind

D.ourbodygetsoldeventhoughourmindisnotsenile

25.Itisobviousfromthearticlethatthewriterbelievesthat_____.

A.peopleshouldforgetaboutproblemscausedbyage

B.peoplewillnevergetoldiftheyremainyoungintheirminds

C.livinglongerdoesnotmeanyoucanescapeoldage

D.livinglongermeansyoucanenjoylifetothefull

【答案与解析】

21.A根据文章开头“WhenIwasaschoolgirlIimaginedmyselfat60,clad

inlongblacklace,gnarledhandsgrippingasilver-headedstick,layingdown

thelawtomygrandchildren.Thatseemslaughablenow.”作者提及这一切都

是可笑的，故当你真的到六十岁时，这一切都不会发生，你是真的变老

了。因此选择A项。

22.D根据文章第二段第三句“Sofar,youcouldsaywe’veneverhaditso

goodthelastgeneration.Wehavedecentpensions,mortgagespaidoffand

childrenoutofthehouse(withluck);”可知A、B、C符合题意。D项“和孩

子一起住”与原文意思相反。因此选择D项。

23.D文章倒数第二段提到了“金钱和教育，是否会开车以及计划会影响

老年人的生活方式。”因此选择D项。

24.A文章最后一段“...youcoulddoanythingandthenyouabsolutelyhave

tohaveasleepafterlunch.”表明老年人需要更多睡眠。因此选择A项。

25.C主旨题。全文主要讲述尽管现代科技可以让我们寿命变长，但每

个人都逃离不了变老这个事实。因此选择C项。

TEXTB

Isthistheendofthelanguageclass?

Takingforeignlanguagelearningoutofthelanguageclassroomand

integratingitwithothersubjectshasastrongappeal,butKariSmithurges

caution:languageacquisitionisnotalwaysnatural.

“Thankyouforthecourse.Iwishithadbeengiveninmyownlanguage

becauseIknowIhavelostoutonmuchinformationduringthecourse,and

you,theteacher,didnothavetheopportunitytogettoknowtherealme,

whatIamabletodo,whatIknow,whatIthinkandwhoIam.”

Thisisthemessageapreviousstudentofminewroteafterhavingspentfive

daysaweekforeightmonthsstudyingtobeateacherinanadditional

language(alanguageotherthanthenativelanguage).

Danielaisnottheonlystudentenrolledinoneofthemanyimmersionor

ContentandLanguageIntegratedLearning(Civil)programmesinschools

anduniversitiesaroundtheworldwhofeelsthisway.Purelyforlanguage

learningpurposessomelanguageteachers,parentsandpolicymakersbelieve

thatforeignlanguagelearningcanbeenhancedbyteachinginthetarget

language.

Theextentoftheimmersionoflearnersintoatargetforeignlanguagevaries,

fromteachingasubjectormoreinEnglish(forthesakeofconvenience)to

makingtheschooloruniversityanEnglishmediuminstitution,whereall

subjectsaretaughtinalanguageforeigntothestudents.Ihaveseencautious

attemptssuchasteachingphysicaleducationinEnglishandmorecourageous

programmesintroducingtheforeignlanguageofmathematicstostudentsin

theforeignlanguageofEnglish.Someattemptsareevenbolder:schoolsand

universitiesteachingonlyinEnglishtostudentswhosepreviousschool

educationtookplaceintheirnativetongueandbyteacherswhoseEnglish

doesnotallowthemtorespondtoquestionsbeyondthelessonplantheyhave

carefullypreparedthedaybefore.

Sowhyarewewitnessingthisquesttouseaforeignlanguageasthemedium

ofinstruction—tryingtomaketheunnaturalnatural?Weneedtolookattwo

basicconceptsrelatedtobecomingskilledusersofanadditionallanguage.

Thereislanguageacquisitionandlanguagelearning.Languageacquisition

happenswhenthelearnerissurroundedbythetargetlanguage,andlearning

takesplaceinanaturalway.Thisisexactlywhathappenswhenchildren

acquiretheirnativetongue:littleornoformallanguagelearningtakesplace

beforeschoolage,andeveninschoolwefindlittleformallearningofnew

vocabularyorlinguisticstructures.Languageacquisitionoccurswithoutany

specialeffortbeingputintolanguagelearningprogrammes.Naturalteachers

areparents,extendedfamily,friends,media,etc.

Immigrantslearningthelanguageoftheirnewcountryoftenacquirethe

languagetoacertainextentinthesameway.Theyaresurroundedbythe

targetlanguageoutsidetheirownfamily;theyenjoyrichexposuretoit.

However,thefactthatnotallarriveinthenewcountryasyoungchildren,

andthatthenativetongueremainsthelanguagespokeninthefamily,add

complexitytotheprocessofacquisition.Therefore,newimmigrantsare

encouragedtotakespecificlanguagecourses;theyneedtobeintroducedto

formallanguageinstructionalongsidethemanyopportunitiesfornatural

exposure.

Whenlanguagehastobelearnedwithaconsciouscognitiveeffortwetalk

aboutlanguagelearning,whichis,inaway,anunnaturalwaytolearna

language.Languageexposureisrestrictedtospecifichoursonspecificdays;

learningisconsciousandusuallyrequiresseriouscognitiveeffort,mainly

focusedonlearningaboutthetargetlanguage.Whenthelearnerleavesthe

class,thereislittleornoexposuretothetargetlanguage.WhenEnglishis

learnedinTurkey,IsraeloreveninNorway,thisisusuallywhathappens.

Civilprogrammes,whethertheyareextensiveorlimited,aimatcausing

languageacquisitiontotakeplace(thenaturalway)inaforeignsetting

(whichwouldusuallyrequirelanguagelearning)byteachinginthetarget

language,thuscreatingatargetlanguageenvironmentwithinthe

environmentofanotherlanguage.Thisis,asIseeit,anattempttotransform

anunnaturalwayoflearningalanguageintothenaturalwayofacquiring

languages.

26.Themainconcernoftheauthoriswith_____.

A.thedefinitionoflanguagelearningandlanguageacquisition

B.whetherCivilprogrammesarebeneficialforthestudents

C.whetherlanguageshouldbelearnednaturallyorunnaturally

D.theimpactofforeignlanguageonimmigrants

27.InanEnglishmediuminstitution,_____.

A.Englishisthelanguageofinstructioninallsubjects

B.nativelanguageisthelanguageofinstructioninmostsubjects

C.Englishisonlyusedincoursesrelatedtothetargetlanguage

D.theteachers’Englishislimitedbytheirlessonplans

28.Childrenacquiretheirnativelanguagesinanaturalwaybecause_____.

A.theyaresurroundedbyanaturallanguageenvironment

B.theirteachersaretrainedinthetargetlanguage

C.theylearnthelanguageearlyinschool

D.theirparentstakecaretoteachthem

29.Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonwhylearningaforeignlanguage

isnotnatural?

A.Itrequiresconsciouscognitiveefforts.

B.Thereisnoexposureoutsidetheclassroom.

C.Itisnotencouragedbythesocietyatlarge.

D.Languageislearntonlyasaschoolsubject.

30.Ingeneraltheauthor’sattitudetowardscivilprogrammescanbe

describedas_____.

A.enthusiastic

B.skeptical

C.highlycritical

D.supportive

【答案与解析】

26.B主旨题。文章第四段提到了civilprogramme，后面都是围绕它的

可操作性开展的。文章最后又一次提及这个项目将语言学习变得自然

化。故B项为正确答案。

27.A根据第五段第一句“Theextentoftheimmersion...whereallsubjects

aretaughtinalanguageforeigntothestudents.”可知以英语为教学媒介的

学校是所有课程均用英语授课。故A项为正确答案。

28.A根据文章倒数第四段第四句“Languageacquisitionhappenswhenthe

learnerissurroundedbythetargetlanguage,andlearningtakesplaceina

naturalway.”可知被目的语也就是母语包围的环境才是自然的语言习得

方式。故A项为正确答案。

29.C根据文章倒数第二段可知自然的语言习得过程需要有意识的认

知，目的语环境。A、B、D均符合语言习得环境的要求。只有C项不符

合。故C项为正确答案。

30.D根据文章最后一段，作者说civilprogramme将语言学习变成一个

自然而然的过程，因此作者是支持的。supportive支持的。enthusiastic热

衷的；狂热的。skeptical怀疑的。highlycritical十分谴责的。故D项为正

确答案。

TEXTC

Leftholdingthebaby

Scientistsrecentlyrevealedaninstinctinwomenintactandunaffectedbythe

ageoftechnology.GlancingthroughglossyartbooksLeeSalknoticedthat

fourtimesoutoffiveMaryisdepictedholdingtheinfantJesusagainsther

feltbreast.TheMadonnasparkedoffaseriesofexperimentsand

observationstodetermineonwhichsidewomenholdtheirbabiesandwhy.

Firsthedeterminedthatmodernmothersstilltendtoholdtheirbabyonthe

left.Of255right-handedmothers,83%heldthebabyontheleft.Andoutof

32left-handedwomen,78%heldthebabyontheleft.Asacontrol,women

werewatchedemergingfromsupermarketscarryingbaby-sizedpackages;the

bundleswereheldwithnosidepreference.

Then,dentalpatientsweregivenalargerubberballtoholdduringtreatment.

Themajorityclutchedtheballtotheirleftside,evenwhenitinterferedwith

thedentist’sactivities.Thissuggestedthatintimesofstressobjectsareheld

againsttheleftside.

Atthatpointanapparentlycontradictoryphenomenonwasobserved.Alarge

numberofmotherswhobroughttheirprematurebabiestoafollow-upclinic

wereseentoholdtheirbabiesagainsttheirrightside.

So,115motherswhohadbeenseparatedfromtheirbabiesfor24hoursafter

birthwereobservedforholdingresponse.Theexperimenterspresentedthe

babydirectlytothemid-lineofthemother’sbody,andnotedhowsheheld

thebaby.53%placedthebabyontheleftand47%ontheright.Anditwas

alsonotedthatthemothersofthegroupwhohadheldtheirbabyontheleft

hadalreadyhadababyfromwhichtheyhadnotbeenseparatedafterbirth.

Theauthorsuggeststhat“Thetimeimmediatelyafterbirthisacriticalperiod

whenthestimulusofholdingthebabyreleasesacertainmaternalresponse.”

Thatistosay,shesensesthebabyisbetteroffonherleft.

Left-handedholdingenablesthebabytoheartheheartbeat–asound

associatedwiththesecurityofthewomb.Inordertodiscoverwhether

hearingthehearthasabeneficialeffectonthebaby,thesoundofahuman

heartbeatwasplayedto102babiesinaNewYorknurseryfor4days.A

controlgroupofbabieswasnotexposedtoheartbeats.Thebabiesinthebeat

groupgainedmarkedlymoreweightandcriedfarlessthanthebabiesinthe

controlgroup.

31.LookingatartbooksinspiredLeeSalktoinvestigate_____.

A.picturesofMaryandJesus

B.thewaymothersholdtheirbabies

C.thewaypeopleholdobjectsintimesofstress

D.theeffectofthehumanheartbeatonprematurebabies

32.Hefoundthat_____.

A.left-handedwomentendtoholdtheirbabiesontheright

B.onlyright-handedwomentendtoholdtheirbabiesontheleft

C.moreright-handedwomenthanleft-handedwomentendtoholdtheir

babiesontheleft

D.womenwhoholdtheirbabiesontheleftarenearlytendtohavesuffered

fromstress

33.Whatwasthe“apparentcontradictoryphenomenon”mentionedin

paragraph4?

A.Mothersofprematurebabieswereseentoholdtheirbabiesdifferently.

B.Mothersofprematurebabiesheldtheirbabiesonthecorrectside.

C.Mothersofprematurebabiestooktheirbabiestoafollow-upclinic.

D.ThebehaviourofmothersofprematurebabiesdisprovedLeeSalk’s

theory.

34.Thetimejustafterbirthisimportant:thisiswhen_____.

A.babiesmustnotbeseparatedfromtheirmothers

B.thebaby’sresponsetothemotherisreleased

C.themotherhasaninstinctivetendencytoholdthebabyontheleft

D.thebabycanhearthemother’sheartbeatandfeelsecured

35.Salk’sexperimentsprovedthat_____.

A.mothershaveaninstincttoholdtheirbabiesontheleftimmediatelyafter

birth

B.mothersholdtheirbabiesontheleftattimesofstress

C.mothersofprematurebabiesdonothavetheinstincttoholdtheirbabies

ontheleft

D.mothersfinditmorecomfortabletocarrytheirbabiesontheleft

【答案与解析】

31.B根据文章第一段第二句“GlancingthroughglossyartbooksLeeSalk

noticedthatfourtimesoutoffiveMaryisdepictedholdingtheinfantJesus

againstherfeltbreast.TheMadonnasparkedoffaseriesofexperimentsand

observationstodetermineonwhichsidewomenholdtheirbabiesand

why.”可知书中描绘的Madonna怀抱婴儿这一形象引发LeeSalk进行一系

列的实验和观察，以确定那些女性抱孩子的方式。因此B项为正确答

案。

32.C根据第二段第二句“Of255right-handedmothers,83%heldthebaby

ontheleft.Andoutof32left-handedwomen,78%heldthebabyonthe

left.”可知在255个右撇子的母亲中，83%的人把婴儿放在左边。在32位

左撇子女性中，有78%的人把婴儿放在左边。故C项为正确答案。

33.D根据第四段第二句“Alargenumberofmotherswhobroughttheir

prematurebabiestoafollow-upclinicwereseentoholdtheirbabiesagainst

theirrightside.”可知大量的母亲把她们的早产婴儿带到一个诊所时是用

右手抱孩子的，这与实验结果不一致。故D项为正确答案。

34.C根据倒数第二段第二句“Thatistosay,shesensesthebabyisbetter

offonherleft.”可知母亲是自己感觉把孩子放在左边更好。故C项为正确

答案。

35.A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的叙述顺序是按LeeSalk所进

行的观察、实验的时间顺序，因此文中虽然只出现过一次LeeSalk这个

名字，后文中的“he”“then”“atthatpoint”“theauthor”等词都显示出他在一

步步地进行各种实验活动。目的是为了证明他看画时获得灵感，母亲把

初生儿抱在左侧。故A项为正确答案。

TEXTD

Ourfirstwords

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacritical

periodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?Judgingfromthedrastic

experimentsofFrederickⅡinthethirteenthcenturyitmaybe.Hopingto

discoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertonguehe

toldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethan

languagedeprivationhere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Without

goodmothering,inthefirstyearoflife,especially,thecapacitytosurviveis

seriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchdrasticdeprivationexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.

Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthe

reasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothecuesandsignalsofthe

infant,whosebrainisprogrammedtomopuplanguagerapidly.Thereare

criticaltimes,itseems,whenchildrenlearnmorereadily.Ifthesesensitive

periodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandthey

mightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidly

attherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehas

passed.

Linguistssuggestthatspeechmilestonesarereachedinafixedsequenceand

ataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachild

whoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ(IntelligenceQuotient).Attwelve

weeksababysmilesanduttersvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecan

speaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthhe

hasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1000words

whichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatof

hisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.

Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.

WhatisspecialaboutMan’sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthe

complexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,a

teddy-bearwiththesoundpattern“teddy-bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleis

theyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthehubbubof

soundaroundhim,toanalyse,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofa

languageinnovelways.

Butspeechhastobetriggered,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthe

motherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognisesthecuesandsignalsinthe

child’sbabbling,clinging,grasping,crying,smiling,andrespondstothem.

Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethe

childgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivityto

thechild’snon-verbalcuesisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentof

language.

36.FrederickⅡ’sexperimentswas“drastic”because_____.

A.hewantedtoprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytospeak

B.heignoredtheimportanceofmotheringtotheinfant

C.hewasunkindtothenurseswholookedaftertheinfants

D.hewantedtoseeifthechildrenwoulddiebeforetheyreachedtheageof

one

37.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingtodayisthat_____.

A.theydonotlistencarefullytotheirmothers

B.theirbrainshavetoabsorbtoomuchlanguageatonce

C.theirmothersdonotrespondtotheirattemptstospeak

D.theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem

38.By“criticaltimes”(seeunderlineinparagraph3)theauthormeans:

_____.

A.difficultperiodsinthechild’slife

B.importantstagesinthechild’sdevelopment

C.momentswhenthechildbecomescriticaltowardsitsmother

D.timeswhenmothersoftenneglecttheirchildren

39.Whichofthefollowingisnotimpliedinthepassage?

A.Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.

B.Childrendonotneedtobeencouragedtospeak.

C.Thechild’sbrainishighlyselective.

D.Mostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.

40.Ifthemotherdoesnotrespondtoherchild’ssignals,thechildwill_____.

A.neverbeabletospeakproperly

B.stopgivingoutsignals

C.inventalanguageofitsown

D.makelittleefforttospeak

【答案与解析】

36.B根据文章第二段第二句“Butclearlytherewasmorethanlanguage

deprivationhere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.”可知FrederickⅡ

的实验忽略了母亲育儿方式的影响。故B项为正确答案。

37.C根据文章第三段第三句“Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthe

motherisinsensitivetothecuesandsignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainis

programmedtomopuplanguagerapidly.”可知最常见的原因是母亲对孩子

想要说话的手势和信号无动于衷。故C项为正确答案。

38.B文章第三段对于criticalperiod解释为在这些关键时期，孩子们更

容易学习。如果这些敏感的时期被忽视了，那么获得技能的理想时间就

会过去。故B项为正确答案。

39.A排除法。文章倒数第二段提到“...thataninfantisbornwiththe

capacitytospeak.”，B项正确。倒数第二段最后提到“Andevenmore

incredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefrom

thehubbubofsoundaroundhim,toanalyse,tocombine.”C项正确。文章第

四段第一句“Linguistssuggestthatspeechmilestonesarereachedinafixed

sequenceandataconstantage,”D项正确。故A项为正确答案。

40.D根据文章最后一段最后一句“Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbal

cuesisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.”可知一旦母亲

不对孩子发出的信号做出反应，