参考案例文件zhaoxinxiang

3GPP标准的演进(RAN&Main3GPP标准的演进(RAN&MainfeatureofRel-Basic3.84McpsW-CDMA(FDD&1.28McpsTDD(akaTD-SCDMA)HSPA+(64QAMDL,16QAMManyincrementalfeaturesplusLTE&SAEStudyitemsLTEWorkitem–OFDMAairinterfaceSAEWorkitemNewIPcorenetworkEdgeRel-Rel-Rel-2009-OFDM和OFDMA的对比（LTE使用的•••OFDM=OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexingOFDMAOFDM和OFDMA的对比（LTE使用的•••OFDM=OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexingOFDMA=OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultipleAccessOFDMA=OFDM+UserUserUserOFDMA’sdynamicallocationenablesbetteruseofthechannelformultiplelow-rateusersandfortheavoidanceofnarrowbandfading&interference.SymbolsSymbolsLTE两种帧结构LTE两种帧结构Type1FDD&TDDTS36.211Figure4.1-1:Type2TS36.211Figure4.2-Type1帧结ofresourcesisoneResourceBlock=12adjacentsubcarriersType1帧结ofresourcesisoneResourceBlock=12adjacentsubcarriersforone0.5msslotNBWRBsubcarriersNType1帧结(DL)36.211时隙子NOFDMsymbols(=7OFDMsymbols@Normal (xTs=32.6Type1帧结(DL)36.211时隙子NOFDMsymbols(=7OFDMsymbols@Normal (xTs=32.61=15360=0.50123456TheCyclicPrefixiscreatedbyprependingeachsymbolwithacopyoftheendofthesymbol0246135P-SCH-PrimarySynchronizationS-SCH-SecondarySynchronizationChannelPBCH-PhysicalBroadcastChannelPDCCH-PhysicalDownlinkControlPDSCH–PhysicalDownlinkSharedChannelReferenceSignal–(Pilot)1sub-=2=11=10sub-=10#10#11#12#14#15#16#17#181帧结构(DL)–物理层映1帧结构(DL)–物理层映P-SCH-PrimarySynchronizationS-SCH-SecondarySynchronizationChannelPBCH-PhysicalBroadcastChannelPDCCH-PhysicalDownlinkControlChannelPDSCH–PhysicalDownlinkSharedReferenceSignal–PBCH,P-SCHandS-SCH只占用72个子载波，只有1.08这样使得帧结构可以独立于系统带宽，系统带宽可以从1.4MHz－20MHz进行灵活分资源块••••Abasestation资源块••••Abasestation(BTS)assignsaRBtoausertousetoreceiveortransmitARBcontains12sub-carrierswith∆f=15kHzx7symbols(1slot@normalCP)Asub-framecontains14symbols(@normalCP)TheminimumRBtheBTSusesforLTEschedulingis1ms(1sub-frame)×180kHz(12sub-carriers@15kHzspacing)UserUserUserUser14symbols(1sub-frame)x12sub-carriers下行信道结P-SCHisplacedinthelastandS-SCHinthesecondlastOFDMsymbolofthefirstslotevery10slot(5ms)CellsearchschemeflowisasBCHis下行信道结P-SCHisplacedinthelastandS-SCHinthesecondlastOFDMsymbolofthefirstslotevery10slot(5ms)CellsearchschemeflowisasBCHisplacedintheforthlastOFDMsymbolinthesameslotofP-SCHandS-SCH.5mstimingisidentifiedusingtheRadiotimingandgroupIDisfoundfromtheS-SCHFullcellIDisfoundfromthedownlinkreferencesymbolsDecodingofBCHFrequencyFirstreferencesymbolsarelocatedinthefirstOFDMsymbolofeveryslot.DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDSecondreferencesymbolsarelocatedinthethirdlastOFDMsymbolofeveryslotandmaynotalwaysbepresent0.5Downlink-channel-qualitymeasurementsDownlinkchannelestimationforcoherentdemodulation/detectionattheUECellsearchandinitial:Firstreference:Secondreference:D各个信道在物理层的映LTE5MHzDLStructure(Normal2ndS-1stS-ModulatedbyModulatedbyexp(2各个信道在物理层的映LTE5MHzDLStructure(Normal2ndS-1stS-ModulatedbyModulatedbyexp(2π·1/2)=-10msradio313activetotalBW1msTTI0.5ms0.5ms0123450123465MHzBW=26RBx12(RSallocatesevery6thsubcarriersoverentire..RRRRRS ..RSRRRP-SCH=Frank36Sequence(basedonR1-063164,withdcpuncturing)2xrepetitionintimedomain,locatedinlastsymbolofslots0&10incentral72subcarriersonlyS-SCH=currentlyhaveQPSKPNsequencelocatedin2ndlastsymbolofslots0&10incentral72subcarriersOnepossiblecandidateappeartobeZadoffChumodulatedbyComplexExponentialwaveprovidingcirculartimeP-BCH=currentlyhaveQPSKPNsequencelocatedin4thlastsymbolofslots0&10incentral72subcarriersonly.DefinitionlikelytochangeRSPilots=currentlyhave1st&2ndRefSymbolPilotsimplementedasasymbol-by-symbolproductoftwo-dimensionalOS(OrthogonalSequence)bytwo-dimensionalPRS(PseudoRandomSequence).3GPPTS36.211V0.2.2detailsOrthogonalSequencegenerationused,butPseudo-RandomSequencegenerationnotdefined.CurrentlyhaveaPN9sequencetogeneratePRS,theperiodofwhichischosentorepeatatstartoftheP-SCHslotintervals.AlsoRSFrequencyHoppingtobedefinedforIntraorInterTTI(subframe)possiblybasedoncellID.3possibilitiesare:timeconstantandcellcommon(nofreqhoppingorfreqtimeconstantandcellspecific(nofreqhopping,butcellspecificfreqtimevaryingandcellspecific(cellspecificfreqhoppingandfreqPDCCH(PysicalDownlinkControlChannel)=currentlyhaveQPSKPNsequence“placeholder”,locatedin1stthreesymbolofslots0&10,occupyingallsubcarriers,withexceptionofactiveRSPilotsLTE在上行使用SC-FDMA的原•SC-FDMAisaLTE在上行使用SC-FDMA的原•SC-FDMAisanewhybridmodulationtechniquecombiningthelowPARsinglecarriermethodsofcurrentsystemswiththefrequencyallocationflexibilityandlongsymboltimeofOFDMSC-FDMAissometimesreferredtoasDiscreteFourierTransformSpreadOFDM=DFT-SOFDM•TimeFrequencyTimeCodedsymbolrate=NTXSize-Size-TR25.814Figure9.1.1-1TransmitterstructureforSC-OFDM和SC-FDMA的对QPSK调制方式，4个子载ThefollowinggraphsshowhowthissequenceofQPSKsymbolsisrepresentedinfrequencyandtimeVV60OFDM和SC-FDMA的对QPSK调制方式，4个子载ThefollowinggraphsshowhowthissequenceofQPSKsymbolsisrepresentedinfrequencyandtimeVV60ff15ccDatasymbolsoccupyN*15kHz1/NSC-FDMAsymbolDatasymbolsoccupy15kHzforoneOFDMAsymbolperiod1,--1,-1,-1,1,--1,-1,-1,OFDM调QPSK，4个子载OneOFDMAsymbol(F… OFDM调QPSK，4个子载OneOFDMAsymbol(F… EachofNsubcarriersisencodedwithoneQPSKNsubcarrierscantransmitNQPSKQ-f0+15(F+1… -1,-If+30…-1,-1,--1,10(F+2f0+45(F+3…1,-1TheamplitudeofthecombinedfourcarriersignalvarieswidelydependingonthesymboldatabeingWithmanyGaussiannot1,1-1,-1-1,11,-1OnesymbolSC-FDMA调QPSK，4个子载QTotransmitthe-1, -1,--1,1,-SC-FDMA调QPSK，4个子载QTotransmitthe-1, -1,--1,1,-IusingSC-FDMAfirstcreateatimedomainrepresentationoftheIQbasebandsequence---1,-OneSC-symbolOneSC-symbolShifttheNsubcarrierstothedesiredallocationwithinthesystembandwidthPerformaDFToflengthNandsamplerateN/(symbolperiod)tocreateNFFTbinsspacedby15kHz-PerformIFFTtocreatetimedomainsignalofthefrequencyshiftedInsertcyclicprefixbetweenSC-FDMA-1,-1,-ImportantNote:PARissameastheoriginalQPSKmodulation1,-Type1帧结(UL)36.211时隙子NOFDMsymbols(=7OFDMsymbols@Normal (xTs=32.61Type1帧结(UL)36.211时隙子NOFDMsymbols(=7OFDMsymbols@Normal (xTs=32.61=15360=0.50123456TheCyclicPrefixiscreatedbyprependingeachsymbolwithacopyoftheendofthesymbol02461351sub-=2=1PUSCH-PrimaryUplinksharedReferenceSignal–#10#11#12#14#15#16#17#181=10sub-=10Type1帧结构(UL物Type1帧结构(UL物理层映PUSCH-PrimaryUplinksharedReferenceSignal–RS并没有占据整个频域，这点不同于上灵活的上行带宽分•Thenumberofavailableuplinkresourceunitsvariesfrom3to48dependingonthesupporteduplinkchannelbandwidth.灵活的上行带宽分•Thenumberofavailableuplinkresourceunitsvariesfrom3to48dependingonthesupporteduplinkchannelbandwidth.Table.1-1Bandwidthoccupiedbyaresourceunitandnumberofresourceunitsdependentonbandwidth.Note,25.814hasnotbeenupdatedforthenewer180kHzRB•BandwidthBandwidth(kHz)occupiedbyaresourceunitNumberofavailableresource36上行帧结Figure:Time-frequencymapping上行帧结Figure:Time-frequencymappingofnon-syncchannelsordatatransmission.DataTRA-REP(10msradioframe?)Random-accessLTE中的DLFullLTE中的DLFullPrimarySynchronizationUsedforcellsearchandidentificationbytheUE.CarriespartofthecellID(oneof3orthogonalsequences).UsedforcellsearchandidentificationbytheUE.CarriestheremainderofthecellID(oneof170binaryUsedforDLchannelestimation.ExactsequencederivedfromcellID,(oneof3*170=510).UsedforsynchronizationtotheUEandULchannelestimationReferenceSignalULFull(Demodulation)ReferenceLTE中的LTE中的FullPhysicalBroadcastChannelPhysicalDownlinkControlChannelPhysicalDownlinkSharedChannelFullnamePhysicalRandomAccessChannelPhysicalUplinkControlChannelPhysicalUplinkSharedScheduling,ACK/NACKCall“signal”调制和映DLModulation“signal”调制和映DLModulationPhysical72subcarrierscentredaroundDCatOFDMAsymbol#6ofslot#072subcarrierscentredaroundDCatOFDMAsymbol#5ofslot#0Every6thsubcarrierofOFDMAsymbols#0ofeveryslotPhysicalSC-FDMAsymbol#3ofeveryslotOneof3Zadoff-Chu[+3.0Two31-bitM-sequences(binary)–oneof170CellIDsplusotherinfoOS*PRSdefinedbyCellID(P-SCH&S-SCH)ReferenceSignal[+2.5ULModulationReferenceSignalrootZadoff-信道调制和编DLModulationPhysical信道调制和编DLModulationPhysical72subcarrierscentredaroundDCatOFDMAsymbol#3&4ofslot#0andsymbol#0&1ofslot#1.ExcludesRSsubcarriers.OFDMAsymbol#0,#1ofthefirstslotofthesubframe.ExcludesRSChannel(PDCCH)Channel(PDSCH)ULChannel(PRACH)Channel(PUCCH)Channel(PUSCH)ModulationAnyassignedPhysicalNotyetAnyassignedRBbutnotAnyassignedRBbutnotBPSK&安捷伦在安捷伦在LTE领域的相关仪••Potentialforadoptionasatestmoduleifnotasmodelingtool.SynergisticwithMatLabSignalStudio89601AVSASWESGorMXGMXAorPSAor89641A16900LogicAnalyzers+New••••••ADSLTEWireless•ADSLTEWireless•CurrentStatusand•ADS2006A-Update2includesEVManduncodedADS2006A-Update3dueforreleaselateSeptemberandiscurrentlyinBeta.IncludesULchannelcoding.ADS2008-PlannedsupportforDLcoding.MIMOisalsobeingconsideredasanADS2008Update.ConnectedSolutionswithMXG,MXA,andLogic•••ADS中的LTE下行信号生codeantennaADS中的LTE下行信号生codeantennaModulationMappingforUE1-UE6SelectQPSK,16QAM,64QAMLTEDownlink系统设计平衡性能预估系统设计平衡性能预估仿Performance(e.g.EVM&BitsBits系统设计中系统设计中针对EVM的平Trade-OffforEVMBitwidthofRRCPhasenoiseof1dBcompressionpointofPhasenoise(dBc/Hz)vs.frequencyLTEDLReceiverUncodedBERResultsUE1SetforLTEDLReceiverUncodedBERResultsUE1SetforQPSK,16QAM,and64QAMPhaseNoiseSweptfrom-60dBc/Hzto-80@10kHz-60-70-80UE1:16UE1:64UE1:Co-SimulateCo-SimulatewithHDLandTransistor-LevelLTELTESystemPerformancewithTransistor-LevelCircuitandHDLCo-Simulation:Downlink下载下载LTE信号到E4438C/ESG信号下载下载ADSLTE信号到N5182AMXG信号从从PSA捕捉LTE信号并读回ADS进行分LTELTEConnectedSolutions实物LTELTEConnectedSolutions测试结果－星座LTELTEConnectedSolutions测试结果ADSMXGPSADPPCH,BCH,SSCH,PSCH等信道的EVMLTELTEConnectedSolutions测试结果ADSMXGPSAUE1-UE3的EVMLTELTEConnectedSolutions测试结果ADSMXGPSAUE4-UE6的EVMConnectedSolutions测试流程框Downloaded…Event1234NSimulatedIConnectedSolutions测试流程框Downloaded…Event1234NSimulatedIDatavs.SamplesSimulatedQDatavs.SamplesStartAnalyzerSample#1MeasuredIDatavs.MeasuredQDatavs.PSAor•••••ADS2006AwithAgilentPtolemySimulator(E8823)ADS3GPPLTEWirelessLibrary(E8895)N5182AMXGwithoption506,option652or654,ORE4438CESGwithoption602E444XPSAwithoption140or内置在MXA/EXA内置在MXA/EXA中的ADS软DUT**Note:DifferentDUTthansimulatedamplifierusedincaseConnectedSolutions小•ADSConnectedSolutions小•ADS3GPPLTEWirelessLibraryincludessources,receivers,and•ConnectedSolutionscanbeusedtocreateandanalyzereal-worldsignals(e.g.LTEEVM)N7624B-3GPPLTESignalStudioGenerateN7624B-3GPPLTESignalStudioGenerateLTESignalinESG/MXGOFDM89601A89601AVSAWorld’sMostFlexibleVectorSignalAnalysisSoftware!AvailableDemodulationFormats:WirelessWiMAX802.16eOFDMAincludingWiMAX802.16dWLAN802.11nWLANRFID,Bluetooth;ZigBeeplusLTE(JanHSPA+(JanW-Generalpurposedigital33general-purposeanaloganddigitalSignalAnalysisHardware,PSASpectrum89600SignalAnalysisHardware,PSASpectrum89600VXI36MHzanalysisbandwidthBB/IF/RFanalysis(1or2channels)LTEsoftwarerunsonexternalPCUpto80MHzanalysisbandwidthLTEsoftwarerunsonexternalMXASignalUpto13GHzUltrawideband&BBIQLTEsoftwarerunsinsideorUpto25MHzanalysisLTEsoftwarerunsinsideor89601AEXASignalLogic10MHzanalysisLTEsoftwarerunsinsideorFPGA,ASICdigitalLTEsoftwarerunsinsideor89601ALTESignalAnalysis(Jan08)Features/CapabilitiesSummary89601ALTESignalAnalysis(Jan08)Features/CapabilitiesSummary•LTEmeasurementSyncCorrelation,FrequencyError,IQCompositeEVM(Peak&ChannelEVM&PowerDL:P-SCH,S-SCH,RS,P-BCH,PDCCH,upto6PDSCH’s,UL:DM-RS,CommonTrackingError,SymbolClockCPlength&CPLTEmeasurementRBErrorMagSpectrumorRBPwrSpectrumorRMSErrorVectorSpectrumorCommonTrackingErrorSummary,FrameSymboldemodbitsI/QCCDF,CDF,•LTEDownlink(OFDMA)andUplink(SC-FDMA)analysisinasingleoptionFDDmode,Type1genericframestructureAllLTEbandwidths1.4MHz(6RB),1.6MHz(7RB),3MHz(15RB),3.2MHz(16RB),5MHz(24or25RB),10MHz(48or50RB),15MHz(72or75RB),and20MHz(96or100RB)NormalandextendedCP[Downlink]Userdefinitionofupto6PDSCHtwo-dimensionaldataburstsforEVManalysiswithmodulationformateitherQPSK,QAM16,or64QAMineachdataburst[Uplink]UserdefinitionofPUSCHtwo-dimensionaldataburstforEVManalysiswithmodulationformateitherQPSK,QAM16,or••••••AgilentLTEIntegratedMobileTestAgilentLTEIntegratedMobileTestHigherLayerL3/ScriptingScalableSinglebox2G/3G/3.9GL1PHY+RLC/MAC+20MHz2x2RFParametricTTCNProtocolConformanceRFConformanceL1digital(2x2RFUP/DOWN20MHzB/WRF*Optional2ndSource/Receiverfor2x2LTE发射机测–LTE发射机测–上行和下•••••••••••OutputPowerOutputPowerDynamicsTransmitON/OFFPowerOutputRFspectrumEmissionOccupiedBandwidthOutofbandemission(ACLR&SpuriousTransmitModulationThesetransmittertestsareworkinprogressandmostofthedefinitionsandrequirementsareeNB-TR36.804V0.6.0(2007-08)MS-TR36.803V0.4.0(2007-06)OutputPower–OutputPower–ChannelPower•AgilentMXAorPSAsignalanalyzerscanbesetupmanuallytomakechannelpowermeasurement89601AVSAsoftwarewithbandpowermarkercanalsobeusedtomakequickchannelpowermeasurement•89601AVSAchannelpowerusingbandpowermarkerMXA/EXAandPSAchannelpowerFrequency•AquicktestisusetheOccupiedBWmeasurementFrequency•AquicktestisusetheOccupiedBWmeasurement(Agilent89601AVSASWshown)•AnaccuratemeasurementcanthenbemadeusingtheDemod•••Minimum3GPPWideAreaBS->+/-0.05ppmMedium/LocalAreaBS->TBDACLRRequirement–BTS••LTEACLRMeasurementACLRRequirement–BTS••LTEACLRMeasurementFilter–LimitsforLTEBW<5MHz-ACLRlimitsdefinedforLTEcarriersALCRlimitdefinedforLimitsfor5MHzBWACLR1–45dBACLR2–451010OperatingBand(BSemissionslimitemissionslimitLimitsfor5MHzBWACLR1–45dBACLR2-Spectrum•Spectrum•AgilentMXAorPSAsignalanalyzerswithtimegatingcapabilitycanbeusedtomanuallysetupACPandSEMtypemeasurementsforLTE“GateView”splitscreenontheMXAallowssimultaneousviewingoftimedomaingateviewandfrequencydomainmeasurementresultsMaskTBDfrom•EVMRequirements–BTSPre-/postFFTEVMRequirements–BTSPre-/postFFT/frequencyBS•EVMlimitsarestillTBD.Currentworkingassumptionsare:7to8%EVMfor64QAMmodulated12.5%EVMfor16QAMmodulatedRBs17.5%EVMforQPSKmodulatedRBsReferencepointforEVM•••EVMMeasurementEVMMeasurement–BothUplinkand•VariousEVMmetricsareavailableon89601ALTECompositeRMSEVMPeakEVMDataReferenceSignal(RS)•••••LTEMeasurementItisoftenmoreusefultohaveaclearunderstandingofthesignalandanorderlyanalysisLTEMeasurementItisoftenmoreusefultohaveaclearunderstandingofthesignalandanorderlyanalysisapproachthantoknowallthetechnicaldetailsofthestandard.AnorderlyapproachReducesetupandmeasurementFindproblemsattheearlieststagesofProvidemoreunderstandableandusefulmeasurementresultsHelpavoidmissingcertainsignalproblemsorimpairments(someimpairmentsaremostclearlyseeninvectormeasurements)••••SimultaneousFrequencySimultaneousFrequency&Time•FirststepistolookatthesignalinfrequencyandtimedomainandseeifitlooksOK.Canalsoturnonbandpowermarkertomakesurechannelpowerisasexpected.•OccupiedBandwidthOccupiedBandwidth(OBW)••OBWisagoodmeasurementtoverifyoccupiedbandwidthinOBWmeasurementalsomeasuresfrequencyoffset.Thiscanbeusedasaquicktestforfrequencyerror.AnaccuratemeasurementcanthenbemadeusingtheDemodprocessLTEDownlinkCCDFindicatesLTEDownlinkCCDFindicatesPAPRof~10dBforthisparticulardownlinksignal•QuantitativeanalysisofRFpowerbehaviorpowerratioMeasurebeforeandafteramplifiersCanW-amplifiershandleLTE••LTEUplink(SC-CCDFindicatesPAPRof~7dBforthisparticularuplink•TimeTime•••••FullBandwidthAcquisitionDirecttoMemoryGap-FreeinTimeandFrequencyAcquireOnce,MeasureManyPost-AcquisitionCenterFreq.,SpanSingle-Shot,CanBeTriggered,EnsuresData3symbolsofeachoccurevery6th•SeeentireframeinfrequencyandtimeononedisplayFindsubtlepatterns,•DigitalDemodulation–DigitalDemodulation–Basic••SelectDownlinkorForUplink,enterthecorrectZadoff-ChuIndexSelecttherightBWSelecttherightCellIDgroup.(ThisdeterminestherightOSandPRSusedforRS)EnterthePDCCHallocationspersub-frame(defaultis3PDCCHsymbolineachsub-frame)•••DigitalDemodulation–DigitalDemodulation–BasicSetup••Under“Profile”tabSpecifythemodulationtypeandRBallocationforeachactiveuserDownlinksupportsupto6simultaneousUplinksupports1Allcontrolchannelsareautomaticallydetectedassumingtheuserisusingsameassumptionas89601Asoftwareforparametersnotspecifiedin3GPPstandard.Usercanselectchannelstoanalyzeandincludeinthemeasurementresultbycheckingthe“box”••••InitialDemodulationInitialDemodulation••••••Successfuldemodulation?Expectedmodulationtype(s)?Indicationsoferror?ErrorErrorVectorMagnitude(EVM)–CompositeEVM,DataEVMandReferenceSignal(RS)EVMI/QerrorsincludinggainimbalanceandquadratureerrorFrequencyerrorCommontrackingerror•••ColColorCodedMulti-FormatColorcoderelatesEVMreadingtoaspecificRB17thruRBRB9thruRB1thruRBMultipleEVMMeasureEVMMultipleEVMMeasureEVMinTime,Frequency,RBandSlotSub-ErrorVectorErrorVectorSpectrum–DownlinkP-SCH,S-P-SCH&S-SC