2022届高考英语阅读二轮复习备考：Before the War战前

2022届高考英语阅读二轮复习备考：BeforetheWar战前

1阅读导航

《大战火星人》(TheWaroftheWorlds)又名《星际战争》，是英国著名科幻小说

作家赫伯特•乔治・威尔斯的作品。小说描写了火星人入侵地球的过程。小说故事发生在大英

帝国建立了庞大殖民地、称霸世界的19世纪末期，火星人从天而降，在伦敦附近着陆，拉

开了征服地球战争的序幕。人类以机枪大炮面对火星人的先进武器——“热光”和“黑烟”。几

十个火星人以雷霆万钧之势，所向披靡，在短短几天时间里就打得英国军队落花流水，致

使政府、制度、社会土崩瓦解。然而，火星人尚未彻底征服地球，灭顶之灾就悄然向它们

袭来。令人啼笑皆非的是，它们的克星竟是地球上最卑微、最渺小的生物——细菌。通过

这次教训，人类不再相信自己是这个宇宙中唯一的智慧生灵。

《大战火星人》不仅以超前的思想“创造”了激光和机器人等尖端机器，还通过该作品暗

中极大地批评英国等列强通过对弱国进行侵略来实现殖民主义的无耻暴行。

［阅读目标］

1.了解小说的三要素：人物、情节和环境。理解环境描写在小说中的多重作用。

2.掌握小说情节的起因、发展、高潮和结局;了解小说推进故事情节的方法并理解小说

情节对刻画人物形象所起的作用。

3.掌握小说的写作手法，把握小说的语言风格，并理解二者与小说主题的关系。

4.探究小说的主题意义，并对人类的局限性进行反思，培养批判性思维能力。

Itwouldhaveseemedimpossibletoanyonelivingattheendofthenineteenth

centurytothinkthattheearthwasbeingscientificallyobservedbyhighlyintelligent

creaturesonanotherplanet.Atthattime,menwentabouttheirdaysasusual,thinking

themselvescompletelysafeandincontrol.Thechancesofotherlifeexistingonnearby

planetswerethoughtextremelysmall;anditwaspopularlybelievedthat,ifsuchlifedid

exist,itwouldprobablybelessintelligentthanman.Yet,soon,manwouldawaken

fromthisfalsedream,forthebeingsthatlivedonMars,otherwiseknownasMartians,

wantedtheearthforthemselvesandweremakingpreparationstotakeit.

TheplanetMarsismucholderthantheearth.Althoughweknowlittleaboutthe

planet,wedoknowthatmostofitsnaturalresourcesarenearlygone.Itsoceansare

disappearing,itsairiswithoutoxygen,anditstemperaturesareextremelylow.Those

livingonMarshavebeenforcedtodowhatpeopleonearthwoulddoiftheywereinthe

samesituation：lookforanewhome.

Howattractivetheearthmustthenlooktothemwithallofitsoceansandgreenery;

andhowstupidandsimplewehumansmustseem.Whenyouconsidertheimportanceof

survivaltoalllivingbeings,frommantothelowestformoflife,itcanbeunderstood

thattheMartianshadnochoicebuttoattackourplanetandtakeitfromus.Yet,today,

whenpeoplelookbackontheMartianattack,sixyearsago,manystillthinkofthe

Martiansasevil.Buthavehumansnotdonethesamekindsofthingstoanimalsand

eventootherhumanbeings?IfoneweretoconsiderhowthenativesofNewZealand

werealmostallkilledbytheEuropeans,itwouldnotseemsobeyondhuman

understanding.

Foryears,theMartiansmadetheirpreparationsrightunderthenosesofour

scientists,who,althoughconstantlyobserving,couldnotseeMarsclearlyenough

throughtheirinstruments.In1894,anobservatoryreportedseeingaflashoflightonthe

redplanet.Lookingbackatthat,Icanonlyguessthatthatwasthetimetheyputtheir

hugeguninplace.Then,justsixyearsago,ascientistinJavareportedthatalarge

burstoffierygashadbeenreleasedfromMarsandwascomingtowardsearth.Veryfew

people,however,paidmuchattentiontothediscovery.Oneofthepeoplewhodidwas

myfriend,Ogilvy.Hewassoexcitedbythenewsthatheinvitedmetojoinhiminhis

observatorythenextevening.

Irememberlookingthroughhistelescopeandthinkingabouthowmuchspacewas

outtherebetweenthestarsandplanets.JustbetweentheearthandMarslaytensof

millionsofmiles.Theredplanetlookedsosmall,liketheheadofapen.ThenIcaught

sightofsomething,aflashoflight.ItoldOgilvy,andhetookmyplaceatthetelescope.

ItwasanotherburstoffirefromMars.Heexplainedthatitwasprobablylargepiecesof

rockfromspacehittingthesurfaceoftheplanet.I,ofcourse,hadnoideawhatitwas

andjustrememberwishingIhadacigarettetosmoke.Thenightwassoquietand

peaceful.Noonehadanyideaoftheterribledangerthatwascomingstraightforthemin

thenightssilence.

Overthenexttendays,aburstoccurredeachdayatmidnight.Soon,the

newspapersstartedtotakemoreinterestinthevolcanoesofMars.Noonewaswillingto

believetheideathatitmightbesomeoneorsomethingtryingtocommunicatewithus

fromanotherplanet.Ogilvywasevencompletelyagainsttheidea.

Itisalmosthumorousandwonderfultorememberhowmancarriedouthisdailylife

justbeforetheMartiansarrived.I,forexample,waslearninghowtorideabicycleand

waswritingsomephilosophicalpaperson"rightandwronginthemodernworld".I

remembertakingawalkwithmywifeandteachingheraboutthedifferentpatternsof

starsinthesky.IevenshowedherwhichplanetwasMars.Therewasagroupofyoung

peopleplayingtheguitarandsinging.Thesoundofthenearbytraincouldbeheard,

whichwasslowlymovingalongitstracks.Theworldfeltverycalmandpeaceful.

2文本解读

［目标呈现］

I.Fastreading

1.Forthemainidea

Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.WhymanthoughtnothingoftheMartians.

B.Whattheauthorexperiencedbeforethewar.

C.WhytheMartiansdecidedtoinvadetheearth.

D.WhathappenedbeforethewarbetweentheMartiansandman.

2.Forthekeyinformation

3.Forthestructure

II.Carefulreading

1.Forthesettingsofthewar

(1)Whatdidmanontheearththinkofthecreaturesbeyondtheearth?

(2)WhatsituationweretheMartiansfacedwithbeforethewar?Andwhatwould

theydo?

(3)WhatdidtheMartiansthinkoftheearth?

(4)WhatwasthefundamentalreasonfortheMartianstoattackandoccupythe

earth?

2.Fortheplotofthenovel

【点石成金】

阅读小说时，应充分关注小说中的“LOCK系统”。“LOCK系统”的各个要素分别为：L

代表主角(Lead),O代表目标(Objective),C代表冲突(Confrontation),而K代表

冲击结尾(Knockout)。这可以概括为一个公式：故事情节=主角+目标+冲突+冲击结尾。

阅读本章节时应时时关注小说中两大冲突主角的行为，即火星人和地球人的行为。关注小

说以时间为顺序进行叙述，推进故事情节的手法。在把握故事情节的过程中，还应注意将

两者的行为进行对比，为推测小说的后续情节做好铺垫，从而明白小说的结局，即火星人

战胜地球人具有其必然性。

3.Fortheinformationabout"I"

【点石成金】

小说以第一人称推进故事发展，使得情节的叙述更加真实。小说中的“我”是星际战争的

见证者、亲历者和反思者。把握“我”的行为，有助于理解小说的主题意义，推动学生批判性

思维能力的形成。通过对“我”的行为的掌握，学生可以为后续的缩写进行有效铺垫。

III.Postreading

1.ForthecharacteristicsoftheMartiansandman

2.Forroleexperience

(1)Supposeyouaremanontheearth,whatwouldyouthinkoftheMartians?

Whatwouldyousaytoman?Andwhatwouldyoudotoman?Why?

(2)SupposeyouareMartian,whatwouldyoudobeforethewar?Wouldyou

persuadeyourracetogiveupthewaragainsttheearth?Andwhatwouldyousayto

man?

3.Forcriticalthinking

(1)WhatdidthenovelistthinkofthewaragainstmanfromtheMartians?Findout

thecluesinthenovel.

(2)WhatisyouropinionaboutthewaragainstmanfromtheMartians?Shareit

withyourclassmates.

3读写整合

Summarywriting

Writeasummaryofthenovelinthefirstperson.Yoursummaryshouldbeabout60

words.Thefollowingkeywordsmaybehelpfultoyou：

[theMartiansmanwartheMarstheearthpreparations]

【点石成金】

小说的概要写作应抓住三要素：人物、情节和环境。在叙述小说的情节时，应考虑叙

述的顺序，凸显小说情节的起因、发展、高潮和结局。同时，还应注意，在缩写时语言要

高度概括，不要穿插小说中的细节和不重要的情节。

4素养建构

Writingtechniques

1.旁敲侧击的satire(讽刺)

satire(讽刺)意为"awayofcriticizingpeopleorideasinahumorousway,orapiece

ofwritingorplaythatusesthisstyle"(CambridgeDictionary)。讽刺常用委婉的词语来

论述、评价事物或人物，或采用拐弯抹角、旁敲侧击、含沙射影的说法去喑示某人，或某

些有损荣誉的事，以免引起讽刺对象的伤感与不快。satire(讽刺)旨在嘲弄，以求达到一

种生动活泼、幽默风趣的语言效果。

2.丰富多样的description(描写)

【点石成金】

小说中的描写可以分为语言描写、行为描写、肖像描写，以及环境描写(包括自然环

境描写和社会环境描写)等。小说中语言描写和行为描写可以折射出小说人物的特征，而

环境描写则可以起到交代故事背景、渲染气氛、烘托心情、推动情节发展、深化主题等多

种作用。描写是小说的重要表现手法之一。同学们在平时的阅读中要强化对小说中描写语

言的积累，以便为读后续写积累必要的语料，并学会在小说中娴熟地运用描写手法。

战前答案

2文本解读

I.1.D

2.(1)attheendofthenineteenthcentury

(2)man;theMartians;friend;scientists

(3)plot

3.(1)settings(2)development

II.1.(1)Manconsideredtheretobenocreaturesonotherplanetsandifany,they

werelessintelligentthanman.

(2)TheMars,wheretheylived,ranoutofitsnaturalresourcesandtheywouldlook

foranewhome.

(3)Attractive/Resourceful.

(4)Tosurvive.

2.(1)Foryears,theMartiansmadetheirpreparationsrightunderthenosesofour

scientists.

(2)Anobservatoryreportedseeingit.

(3)Sixyearsago,alargeburstoffierygaswasreleasedfromMarsandwas

comingtowardsearth.

(4)ThenewspapersstartedtotakemoreinterestinthevolcanoesofMars.

(5)Noonewaswillingtobelievethatitmightbesomeoneorsomethingtryingto

communicatewithusfromanotherplanet.

3.(1)Iguessedthatthatwasthetimetheyputtheirhugeguninplace.

(2)inquisitive/curious

(3)IjoinedmyfriendOgilvyinhisobservatorythenexteveningandImadecareful

observationontheMars.

(4)responsible/inquisitive/curious/alert

(5)Iwaslearninghowtorideabicycleandwaswritingsomephilosophicalpapers.

(6)Itookawalkwithmywifeandtaughtheraboutthedifferentpatternsofstarsin

thesky.Ievenshowed