Unit 8 Natural disasters八年级上册英语单元写作深度指导（牛津译林版）（原卷版）

Unit8Naturaldisasters单元写作指导与演练近三年考情分析话题考查热度记叙文：灾害发生的当天情况说明文：灾害防范措施本单元的话题是“自然灾害与防范”，主要介绍自然灾害的发生和防范措施，包括介绍自然灾害发生时的情况、防范措施等相关内容。在具体的写作中，学生应注意以下几点：1.能够正确拼写描自然灾害的相关词汇；恰当使用相关短语和句型表达；3.能够正确使用过去进行时进行描述当时的状况。【词汇积累】1.一个像雷声的很大的声音2.开始晃动3.害怕的尖叫4跑出楼房5.尽某人最大的能力做某事6.四面八方7.玻璃块8.倒塌9.黑暗安静10.根本不11.觉得紧张12.快速跳动13.被困住14.自言自语15.片刻的恐惧16.穿过17.冷静下来18.喊救命19.慢慢爬过黑暗20.足够的空间更我移动21.试图找到出路22.移走23.明亮的日光24.拖干净水25.输掉决赛26.上千的27.撞上28.冲走29.引火30.从树上掉下来31.有雷电的风暴32.着火33.受伤34.坏掉35.摔倒36.尽快37.用某物盖住某物38.保护自己免遭危险39.着火的建筑40.从洪水中过去41.保持某人安全免遭危险【句型积累】42. Soontherealnoisecame,likebombsundertheground. 很快，像地下的炸弹一样的声音传来。43. Outside,peoplewererunninginalldirectionswhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown. 外面，碎玻璃和碎砖纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。44. Icouldnotseeanythingatall,andIdidnotknowifanyoneelsewasnearme. 我什么也看不见，也不知道是否有人在我附近。45. Ifeltnervousandmyheartwasbeatingfast. 我感到紧张，我的心跳得很快。46. AmomentoffearwentthroughmymindbutItoldmyselftocalmdownsinceIwasstillalive.我的脑中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉我自己要镇定下来，既然我仍然活着。47. Istartedtopullmyselfslowlythroughthedark. 我开始在黑暗中慢慢地向前移动身体。48. AsIwastryingtofindmywayout.Isuddenlyheardsomenoiseaboveme. 当我尝试着找到出路，我突然听到了上面的噪声。49. Timmywassleeping/asleepwhentheearthquakestarted. 当地震开始的时候蒂姆在睡觉。50. Mydad’scarbrokedownbecauseofthecoldweather. 由于糟糕的天气我爸爸的汽车出故障了。51. Staylowtotheground. 贴着地面。52. Thesnowkeptfallingaroundus. 雪不停地在我们周围落下。53. IwasdoingmyhomeworkintheclassroomwhenMr.Wucameinandtoldustogohomeearly. 当吴老师进来告诉我们早点回家时，我正在教室里做家庭作业。54. WelostourumbrellainthewindandInearlyfellover. 我们在风中丢了雨伞，我差点儿摔倒。55. Suddenly,astrongwindcamefrombehind. 突然，一阵大风从后面刮来【谚语积累】1.Natureiskindofalovingmother,butalsoabutcherincoldblood. 自然不仅是位慈爱的母亲，还是个冷血的屠夫。2.Fishjumpoutofthewaterandraines. 鱼儿出水跳，风雨就来到。3. Allofthedisaster,butbecauseoflove. 所有的灾难，不过是因为眷恋。灾时状况【万能写作模板】灾时状况Anearthquake/Aflood/Asnowstorm/...hit....Iwasdoing...when......becauseoftheheavyrain/snow....Wecouldonlyhear/see.......keptfalling.Suddenly,..防范措施...hadtowalkslowly/pulloneselfthrough....防范措施If...,don’t...灾后感受...wasreallyterrible.灾后感受Wewereallsave.2022年6月10日，李华的家乡四川雅安市芦山县发生了一场地震，地震造成了巨大的损毁，但幸运的是，李华一家安然无恙。假如你是李华，请你描述一下地震发生时家里人的活动情景及感受：1.李华在浴室里洗澡；2.爸爸在电脑旁工作；3.妈妈在厨房里做晚餐；4.爷爷奶奶在客厅看电视。要求：1．结构完整，表达通顺，语言规范，书写清晰；2．文中不得出现任何真实的人名，学校名等信息；3．80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。

MynameisLiHua.Therewasanearthquakeatabout5:00p.m.onJune1st.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文MynameisLiHua.Therewasanearthquakeatabout5:00p.m.onJune1st.Atthattime,allmyfamilywereathome.Iwastakingashowerinthebathroom.Myfatherwasworkingontheputer.Mymotherwascookinginthekitchen.MygrandparentswerewatchingTVinthelivingroom.Wewereallscared.

Theearthquakemadeourneighborhoodinamess.Thereweresomefallentrees,brokenwindowsandrubbish.Butluckily,itwasn’ttooheavyanditdidn’tlastfortoolong.Wewereallsafe.【详解】[总体分析]①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，属于材料作文写作；②时态：时态为“一般过去时”和“过去进行时”；③提示：文章开头以及要点已经给出，按照提示的要点逐点阐述，不要遗漏提示中的“家里人的感受”这一要点，可以适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。[写作步骤]第一步，承接短文开头，引出话题；第二步，接着按照要点叙述当时家里人各自正在做的事情，以及家人们的感受；第三步，介绍地震给周边生活环境带来的破坏，抒发作者的感受并书写结语。[亮点词汇]①bescared感到害怕②inamess乱七八糟[高分句型]Thereweresomefallentrees,brokenwindowsandrubbish.（and连接三个并列的名词，therebe句型，就近原则，过去分词作定语）英汉互译（一）BencouldhearstrongwindsoutsidehishomeinAlabama.Blackcloudsweremakingtheskyverydark.Withnolightoutside,itfeltlikemidnight.（1）ThenewsonTVreportedthataheavyrainstormwasinthearea.Everyoneintheneighborhoodwasbusy.Ben’sdadwasputtingpiecesofwoodoverthewindowswhilehismomwasmakingsuretheflashlightsandradiowereworking.（2）她也放了一些蜡烛和火柴在桌子上.Benwashelpinghismommakedinnerwhentherainbegantobeatheavilyagainstthewindows（3）晚餐后，他们试着去玩游戏，butitwashardtohavefunwithaseriousstormhappeningoutside.Bencouldnotsleepatfirst.Hefinallyfellasleepwhenthewindwasdyingdownataround3:00a.m.Whenhewokethesumwasrising.Hewentoutsidewithhisfamilyandfoundtheneighborhoodinamess.（4）Fallentrees,brokenwindowsandrubbishwereeverywhere.Theyjoinedtheneighborstohelpcleanuptheneighborhoodtogether.（5）Althoughthestormbrokemanythingsapartitbroughtfamiliesandneighborsclosertogether.将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语.1．2．3．4．5．（二）Inmanycountries,therearesomestormsinsummerorautumn.Whenastormes,itisoftenwiththunderandlightening(雷电).Soit'susuallydangerousduringastorm._Themostimportantthingyoucandoistogetyourself,yourfamilyandyourhomeprepared._有时,尽管你在室内,也是不安全的。Thelighteningcangothroughelectricalwires(电线)andoverphonelines.Ifyoustayoutside,youwillalsobeindanger._Whenyoustandinanopenplaceorunderabigtree,thelighteningmayhityou.Whenyouseeastorming,goindoors.Don'tstayoutside._在室内,最好不要用或电脑。Keepawayfromoutsidedoorsandwindowsanddonotlieon.thefloor.Inordertoprotectourselves,it'snecessaryforustoknowthedosanddon'tinastorm.6．7．8．9．10．（三）

WhenSamwasan11yearoldboy,arainstormhithishometownonadarknight.71.Whenthestormcame,hewasdoinghishomework.

Hissisterwasasleepandhismotherwasbusycookinginthekitchen.72.他爸爸正在看电视.Suddenly,allthelightswentoff.73.Thentherainbeatagainstthedoorsandwindowsheavily.Thewindblewstrongly,sohissisterwokeup.Shewasscaredandstartedtocry.74.这家人什么也做不了。Sam’sfathertookouttheflashlight,butthebatteries（电池）weredead.75.Sohismotherfoundsomecandlesandaboxofmatches.Thenextmorning,aftertheylistenedtothenewsontheradio,theyrealizedthataheavyrainstormhadhappened.11．12．13．14．15．【参考答案】（一）【答案】1．电视新闻报道该地区有一场大暴风雨。2．Shealsoputsomecandlesandmatchesonthetable.3．Afterdinnertheytriedtoplaygames.4．到处都有倒下的树坏了的窗户和垃圾。5．尽管暴风雨破坏了很多的东西但是它使家人和邻居们更相近了。（二）【答案】6．你能做的最重要的事情就是让你自己、你的家人和家准备好。7．Sometimesitisn’tsafeevenifyouareinthehouse.8．有时它通过让人们的房子着火来杀死人们。9．当你站在开阔的地方或大树下时，闪电可能会击中你。10．Inthehouse,youhadbetternotusethephoneorputer.（三）【答案】11．暴风雨来临的时候，他正在做作业。12．HisfatherwaswatchingTV.13．然后雨重重地敲打着门窗。14．Thefamilycouldn’tdoanything.15．因此他的妈妈找到了一些蜡烛和一盒火柴。（一）地震是一种自然现象，虽然目前我们还无法预测，但我们可以了解一些自救知识，减少地震带来的伤害。假如你是你学校校报英文版的编辑，请你写一篇题为“WhattoDoDuringanEarthquakeatSchool”短文，刊登在校报上。提示：◆在高楼里，不要从楼上跳出去。远离窗户和黑板。远离火源。藏在课桌下面。当地面停止摇晃时，快速离开大楼，然后去操场。◆在操场上上体育课，待在那里。不要返回到教室去。不要站在高楼和高树附近，因为它们可能落到你的身上。总之，按照在学校所学的知识去做。保持镇定，要勇敢且乐于助人。要求：1.时态：一般现在时

人称：第二人称2.包含信息提示中的所有信息，可适当发挥；3.词数80左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。WhattoDoDuringanEarthquakeatSchoolYouhavenoideawhentheearthquakewillhappen,butyoushouldknowwhattododuringanearthquakeatschool.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（二）Writeapassageofatleast40wordsonthetopic“Whatshallwedowhenthereisatyphoon?”(以“台风来时我们该怎么做？”为题写一篇不少于40个词的短文)Usethefollowingpointsasareference(以下内容仅供参考)1.Whatcanweseewhenthereisatyphoon?2.Whatmayhappenwhenthereisatyphoon?3.Whatshallwedowhenthereisatyphoon?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（三）2020年7月17日，恩施州因持续暴雨爆发特大洪水，恩施人民团结一致抗击洪水。请根据要点提示并结合你的所见所闻写一篇英语短文，介绍恩施人民如何互帮互助共渡难关。要点提示：1.简要描述受灾情况；2.齐心协力抗洪救灾（如：转移群众、提供住宿、捐赠物品、清扫街道……）3.谈谈自己的感受。写作要求：1.要点齐全，并根据内容适当发挥；2.条理清晰，字迹工整，词数不少于80词；3.文中不得出现真实的人名和校名等相关信息。参考词汇：洪水flood

捐赠donate___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（四）请根据下面提示，以“Alandslide（山崩）”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。提示：1.上周一早上，在连续下了两天大雨之后发生了山崩；2.我和妈妈在家，爸爸下午回来，雨很大，他叫我和妈妈赶快带伞离开；3.就在那时，房子开始摇晃，我们非常害怕，迅速跑开了；4.第二天上午回家时，我们发现房子没有了，到处是碎玻璃和砖块，我们感到很伤心。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（五）假如你是Lucy，昨天下午你所居住的地方遭遇了一场暴风雨。请给你的好友Lily写一封电子邮件。向她描述一下暴风雨来临时，你的家人（爸爸、妈妈、你、妹妹）都在干什么，暴风雨的影响是什么？要求：1.须包括所有要点提示，并适当补充，语句通顺，意思连贯；2.词数：80词左右；开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3.文中不得出现个人真实姓名和校名。DearLily,Letmetellyousomethingabouttherainstormyesterdayafternoon.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Lucy参考答案：1.【答案】例文：WhattoDoDuringanEarthquakeatSchoolYouhavenoideawhentheearthquakewillhappen,butyoushouldknowwhattododuringanearthquakeatschool.Whenyou’reinahighbuilding,don’tjumpoutofit.Stayawayfromwindowsandblackboardsandfire.Hideunderthedesk.Whenthegroundstopsshaking,leavethebuildingquicklyandthengototheplayground.Ifyou’rehavingaPEclassintheplayground,pleasestaythere.Don’tgobacktotheclassroom.Don’tstandneartallbuildingsortalltrees,becausetheymayfalldown.Ifyoufollowtheserules,youcanbesafeduringanearthquake.Keepcalm,bebraveandhelpful.【详解】[总体分析]①题材：本文是一篇说明文；②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；③提示：根据所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，可适当补充细节，以第二人称为主。[写作步骤]第一步，引出主题——发生地震时该做什么；第二步，介绍如何在地震中自救；第三步，叮嘱注意事项并做总结。[亮点词汇]①stayawayfrom远离②falldown掉落③keepcalm保持镇定[高分句型]①Whenthegroundstopsshaking,leavethebuildingquicklyandthengototheplayground.(When引导的时间状语从句)②Ifyou’rehavingaPEclassintheplayground,pleasestaythere.(If引导的条件状语从句)2.【答案】例文Whatshallwedowhenthereisatyphoon?Atyphoonisakindofverystrongwind.Whenthereisatyphoon,wecanseethecloudsmovingquicklyinthesky.Peopleholdtheirraincoatstightlywhentheyarewalkinginthestreets.Thestrongwindmaybreakthewindowsanditmayalsoblowawaytheflowerpotsoutsideourflat,soweshouldclosethewindowsandmovetheflowerpotsintotheflat.Weshouldstayathomeandlistentothenewsaboutthetyphoon.【详解】[总体分析]①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；③提示：要求根据提示内容写一篇关于“台风来时我们该怎么做？”的短文，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯，表述完整。[写作步骤]第一步，介绍台风来临时，我们会看见什么；第二步，介绍台风来临时，会发生什么；第三步，介绍台风来临时，我们应该怎么做。[亮点词汇]①akindof一种②blowaway吹走③stayathome待在家[高分句型]①Peopleholdtheirraincoatstightlywhentheyarewalkinginthestreets.（when引导时间状语从句）②Thestrongwindmaybreakthewindowsanditmayalsoblowawaytheflowerpotsoutsideourflat,soweshouldclosethewindowsandmovetheflowerpotsintotheflat.（so连接并列句）3.【答案】例文：Inmanyareasofthecity,therewasseriouswaterlogging,vehicleswereflooded,houseswereirrigated,anditwasdifficultforpeopletotravel.Inaddition,thedisastercausedalargeareaofpowerfailure,people’sproductionandlifewereseriouslyaffected.Inordertofightfloodsandprovidedisasterrelief,peopleworkedtogether.Withthegovernment’spositiveresponse,groupsandorganizationstransferredpeople,andlocalcharitiesraisedmoneytoprovidepeoplewithacmodationanddonatedgoods.Aftertheflood,manyvolunteersvolunteeredtocleanthestreetsandresumedtheconstructionofthecity.Afterthis,Ithinkunityisstrength.Chinesepeoplecanovereanydifficulty