2022年12月四级考试真题（三）

2022年12月四级考试真题（一）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteonthetopicChangesin

theWayofEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnews

report,youwillheartwoorthreeuestions.Boththenewsreportandtheuestionswill

bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA)fB)fC)andD),Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

uestions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)ManypeoplehavebeenattackedbyDevilFirefish.

B)TheMediterraneanisanaturalhabitatofDevilFirefish.

C)Invasivespeciesaredrivingawaycertainnativespecies.

D)AdeadlyfishhasbeenspottedintheMediterraneanwaters.

2.A)Itcouldbadlypollutethesurroundingwaters.

B)Itcouldposeathreattoothermarinespecies.

C)Itcoulddisruptthefoodchainsthere.

D)Itcouldaddtogreenhouseemissions.

uestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Carswillnotbeallowedtoenterthecity.

B)Pedestrianswillhavefreeaccesstothecity.

C)Abouthalfofitscitycenterwillbeclosedtocars.

D)Buseswillbetheonlyvehiclesallowedonitsstreets.

4.A)Theunbearabletrafficnoise.C)Theever-growingcostofpetrol.

B)Theworseningglobalwanning.D)TherisingairpollutioninParis.

uestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Hishousewasburntdowninafire.C)Hisgoodluckcharmsankintothe

sea.

B)Manyofhispossessionswerestolen.D)Hisfishingboatgotwreckedona

rock.

6.A)Changehisfishinglocations.C)Sellthepearlhehadkeptforyears.

B)Findajobinatravelagency.D)Spendafewnightsonasmall

island.

.A)Hispearlcouldbedisplayedinamuseum.

B)Hismonstrouspearlwasextremelyvaluable.

C)Thelargestpearlintheworldweighs14pounds.

D)ANewYorkmuseumhastheworld'sbiggestpearl.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfouruestions.Boththeconversationandtheuestionswill

bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre,

uestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Itboastsafairlylonghistory,C)Ithas75officesaroundthe

world.

B)Ithasover50businesspartners.D)Itproducesconstruction

materials.

9.A)Itwasstartedbyhisfather.C)Itisover100yearsold.

B)Ithasabout50employees.D)Itisafamilybusiness.

10.A)Outdatedproductdesign,C)Shortageofrawmaterial

supply.

B)Lossofcompetitiveedge,D)Legaldisputesinmany

countries.

11.A)Introducinginnovativemarketingstrategies.C)Providingtrainingforitsstaff

members.

B)Seekingnewwaystoincreaseitsexports.D)Conductingafinancialanalysis

forit.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearthreeorfouruestions.Boththepassageandtheuestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedABC)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

SheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

uestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Sheisarealexpertathousedecorations.

B)Sheisreallyimpressedbytheman'shouse.

C)Sheiswellinformedaboutthedesignbusiness.

D)Sheisattractedbythecolorofthesittingroom.

13.A)Fromaconstructionbusinessman.B)FromhisyoungerbrotherGreg.

C)Fromhomedesignmagazines.D)Fromaprofessionalinterior

designer.

14.A)Thecostwasaffordable.B)Thestylewasfashionable.

C)Theeffortwasworthwhile.D)Theeffectwasunexpected.

15.A)She'dlikehimtotalkwithJonathanaboutanewproject.

B)She'dliketoshowhimaroundhernewly-renovatedhouse.

C)Shewantstodiscussthehousedecorationbudgetwithhim.

D)Shewantshimtosharehisrenovationexperiencewithher.

uestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Payinghospitalbillsforemergencycases.

B)Doingresearchonear,noseandthroatdiseases.

C)Removingobjectsfrompatients,nosesandears.

D)Providingroutinecarefbrsmallchildren.

17.A)Childrenagedonetofourareoftenmorecuriousthanolderchildren.

B)Five-tonine-year-oldsarethemostlikelytoputthingsintheirears.

C)Manychildrenliketoputforeignobjectsintheirmouths.

D)Manychildrenliketosmellthingstheyfindorplaywith.

18.A)Theywanttoattractattention.B)Theytendtoactoutofimpulse.

C)Theyareunawareofthepotentialrisks.D)Theyarecuriousaboutthesebody

parts.

uestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard

-6

19.A)Itgaveherausedbicycle.C)Itdeliveredherdailynecessities.

B)ItpaidforherEnglishlessons.D)Itprovidedherwithphysicaltherapy.

20.A)Expandingbike-ridinglessons.C)Offeringwalkingtourstovisitors.

B)Providingfreepublictransport.D)Askinglocalpeoplefordonations.

21.A)Itisasportsclub.C)Itisacounselingcenter.

B)Itisalanguageschool.D)Itisacharityorganization.

uestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard

22.A)Howanimalsdealwithlackofgravity.

B)Howmiceinteractinanewenvironment.

C)Howlowgravityaffectsthehumanbody.

D)Howmiceimitatehumanbehaviorinspace.

23.A)Theyfoundthespaceinthecagetoosmalltostayin.

B)Theyfounditdifficulttofigureoutwheretheywere.

C)Theywerenotusedtothelow-gravityenvironment.

D)Theywerenotsensitivetothechangedenvironment.

24.A)Theycontinuedtobehaveastheydidinthebeginning.

B)Theyalreadyfeltathomeinthenewenvironment.

C)Theyhadfoundalotmoreactivitiestoengagein.

D)Theytriedeverythingpossibletoescapefromthecage.

-7-

25.A)Theychangedtheirroutinesinspace.C)Theybehavedasiftheywere

onEarth.

B)Theybegantoeatlessaftersometime.D)Theyrepeatedtheiractivities

everyday.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection^thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarereuiredtoselect

onewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe

passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoice

inthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthe

wordsinthehankmorethanonce.

Trustisfundamentaltolife.Ifyoucan*ttrustanything,lifebecomesintolerable.

Youcan*thaverelationshipswithouttrust,letalonegoodones.

Intheworkplace,too,trustis_26.Anorganizationwithouttrustwillbefullof

fearand27.Ifyouworkfbrabosswhodoesn'ttrusttheiremployeestodothingsright,

you'llhavea28time.They'llbecheckinguponyouallthetime,correcting"mistakes”

and29-remindingyoutodothisorthat.Colleagueswhodon'ttrustoneanother

willneedtospendmoretime30theirbacksthandoinganyusefulwork.

Organizationsarealwaystryingtocutcosts.Thinkofalltheadditionaltasks

causedbylackoftrust.Audit(审计)departmentsonlyexistbecauseofit.Companies

8

keeplargevolumesof31becausetheydon'ttrusttheirsuppliers,theircontractors

ortheircustomers.Probablymorethanhalfofalladministrativeworkisonlythere

becauseofanever-existingsensethat"youcan*ttrustanyonethesedays.'*Ifevena

smallpartofsuchvaluelessworkcouldbe_32,thesavingswouldrunintomillions

ofdollars.

Allthisisextraworkwe33ontoourselvesbecausewedon'ttrustpeople-the

checking,followingthrough,doingthingsourselvesbecausewedon'tbelieveothers

willdothem34-oratall.Ifwetookallthataway,howmuchextratimewouldwe

suddenlyfindinourlifeHowmuchofourwork35woulddisappear

A)constantlyI)properly

B)credibleJ)records

C)essentialK)removed

D)exploringL)stacks

E)gatherM)suspicion

F)loadN)tracked

G)miserableO)watching

H)pressure

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.

Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea

paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe

uestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

ThePlaceWherethePoorOnceThrived

A)Thisisthelandofopportunity.Ifthatweren'talreadyimpliedbythelandscape-

rollinggreenhills,palmtrees,sun-kissedflowers一thenit'sevidentinthemany

storiesofpeoplewhogrewuppoorinthesesleepyneighborhoodsandroseto

enormoussuccess.PeoplelikeTriTran,whofledVietnamonaboatin1986,

showedupinSanJosewithnothing,madeittoMIT,andthenfoundedthefood­

deliverystart-upMunchery,whichisvaluedat$300million.

B)Indeed,datasuggeststhatthisisoneofthebestplacestogrowuppoorinAmerica.

Achildbornintheearly1980sintoalow-incomefamilyinSanJosehada12.9

percentchanceofbecomingahighearnerasanadult,accordingtoalandmark

studyreleasedin2022bytheeconomistRajChettyandhiscolleaguesfrom

HarvardandBerkeley.Thatnumber-12.9percent-maynotseemremarkable,but

itwas:KidsinSanJosewhosefamiliesfellinthebottomuintile(五分位数)of

incomenationallyhadthebestshotinthecountryatreachingthetopuintile.

C)Bycontrast,just4.4percentofpoorkidsinCharlottemoveduptothetop;in

Detroitthefigurewas5.5percent.SanJosehadsocialmobilitycomparableto

Denmark'sandCanada'sandhigherthanotherprogressivecitiessuchasBoston

andMinneapolis.

D)ThereasonskidsinSanJoseperformedsowellmightseemobvious.Someofthe

world'smostinnovativecompaniesarelocatedhere,providingopportunitiessuch

astheoneseizedbya12-year-oldMountainViewresidentnamedSteveJobs

whenhecalledWilliamHewletttoaskforsparepartsandsubseuentlyreceiveda

summerjob.Thisisacityofimmigrants------38percentofthecity'spopulation

todayisfbreign-born一andimmigrantsandtheirchildrenhavehistorically

experiencedsignificantupwardmobilityinAmerica.Thecityhaslonghadalarge

fbreign-boiTipopulation(26.5percentin1990),leadingtobroaderdiversity,which,

theHarvardandBerkeleyeconomistssay,isagoodpredictorofmobility.

E)Indeed,thestreetsofSanJoseseem,insomeways,toembodythebestofAmerica.

It'spossibletodriveinamatterofminutesfromsleek(光亮的)officetowersnear

theairportwherepeoplepitchideastoinvestors,tosingle-familyhomeswith

orangetreesintheiryards,ortoaVietnamesemall.Thelibrarieshereoffer

programsin17languages,andthereareareasfilledwithsmallbusinessesowned

byVietnameseimmigrants,Mexicanimmigrants,Koreanimmigrants,andFilipino

immigrants,tonameafew.

F)Butresearchersaren'tsureexactlywhypoorkidsinSanJosedidsowell.Thecity

hasalowprevalenceofchildrengrowingupin:single-parentfamilies,andalow

levelofconcentratedpoverty,bothfactorsthatusuallymeanacityallowsforgood

intergenerationalmobility.ButSanJosealsoperformspoorlyonsomeofthe

measurescorrelatedwithgoodmobility.Itisoneofthemostuneualplacesoutof

the741thattheresearchersmeasured,andithashighdegreesofracialand

economicsegregation（隔离）.Itsschoolsunderperformbasedonhowmuch

moneythereisinthearea,saidBenScuderi,apredoctoralfellowattheEualityof

OpportunityProjectatHarvard,whichusesbigdatatostudyhowtoimprove

economicopportunitiesforlow-incomechildren."There'salotgoingonhere

whichwedon'ttotallyunderstand/1hesaid."Itsinteresting,becauseitkindof

defiesourexpectations.”

G）TheChettydatashowsthatneighborhoodsandplacesmatteredfbrchildrenbornin

theSanJoseareaofthe1980s.Whetherthecitystillallowsfbrupwardmobilityof

poorkidstoday,though,isupfordebate.Someoftheindicatorssuchasincome

ineuality;measuredbytheEualityofOpportunityProjectfortheyear2022,have

onlyworsenedinthepast16years.

H）SomeSanJoseresidentssaythatasineualityhasgrowninrecentyears,upward

mobilityhasbecomemuchmoredifficulttoachieve.AsSiliconValleyhas

becomehometomoresuccessfulcompanies,thefloodofpeopletotheareahas

causedhousingpricestoskyrocket.Bymostmeasures,SanJoseisnolongera

placewherelow-income,orevenmiddle-incomefamilies,canaffordtolive.Rents

inSanJosegrew42.6percentbetween2022and2022,whichwasthelargest

increaseinthecountryduringthattimeperiod.Thecityhasagrowing

homelessnessproblem,whichittried.toaddressbyshuttingdown"TheJungle,"

oneofthelargesthomelessencampments（临时住土也）inthenation,in2022.

Ineualityisextreme.TheHumanDevelopmentIndex-ameasureoflife

expectancy,educationandpercapita（人均的）income-givesEastSanJoseascore

of4.85outof10,whilenearbyCupertino,whereApple'sheaduarterssits,receives

a9.26.SanJoseusedtohaveahappymixoffactors-cheaphousing,

closenesstoarapidlydevelopingindustry,tightly-knitimmigrant

communities—thattogetheropenedupthepossibilityofprosperityforevenits

poorestresidents.Butinrecentyears,housingpriceshaveskyrocketed,the

region*srichandpoorhavesegregated,andmiddle-classjobshavedisappeared.

Giventhis,thefuturefortheregion'spoordoesn'tlooknearlyasbrightasitonce

did.

I)LeadersinSanJosearedeterminedtomakesurethatthecityregainsitsstatusasa

placewhereevenpoorkidscanaccesstheresourcestosucceed.WithSilicon

Valleyinitsbackyard,itcertainlyhasthechancetodoso.nIthinkthereisabroad

consciousnessintheValleythatwecandobetterthantoleavethousandsofour

neighborsbehindthroughaperiodofextraordinarysuccess,0SanJoseMayorSam

Liccardosaid.

J)Butintoday'sAmerica-alandofrisingineuality,increasingsegregation,and

stagnating(不增长的)middle-classwages-cantheSanJoseregionreallyonce

againbecomeaplaceofopportunity

K)TheideathatthoseatthebottomcanrisetothetopiscentraltoAmerica'sideas

aboutitself.ThatsuchmobilityhasbecomemoredifficultinSanJoseraises

uestionsabout,theenduranceofthatfoundationalbelief.Afterall,iftheone-time

landofopportunitycan'tbefixed,whatdoesthatsayfortherestofAmerica

36.AccordingtosomepeoplelivinginSanJose,ithasbecomemuchharderforthe

poortogetaheadduetotheincreasedineuality.

37.InAmericanhistory,immigrantsusedtohaveagoodchancetomoveupwardin

society.

38.IftheproblemsofSanJosecan*tbesolved,oneofAmerica'sfundamentalbeliefs

aboutitselfcanbeshaken.

39.SanJosewasamongthebestcitiesinAmericaforpoorkidstomoveupthesocial

ladder.

40.WhetherpoorkidsinSanJosetodaystillhavethechancetomoveupwardis

uestionable.

41.SanJose'sofficialsareresolvedtogivepoorkidsaccesstotheresourcesnecessary

forsuccessinlife.

42.SanJoseappearstomanifestsomeofthebestfeaturesofAmerica.

43.Asfarassocialmobilityisconcerned,SanJosebeatmanyotherprogressivecities

inAmerica.

44.DuetosomechangeslikeincreasesinhousingpricesinSanJose,theprospectsfor

itspoorpeoplehavedimmed.

45.ResearchersdonothaveaclearideawhypoorchildreninSanJoseachievedsuch

greatsuccessseveraldecadesago.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

uestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)f

B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

uestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Threechildrenineveryclassroomhaveadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.

Halfofthesearebehaviouraldisorders,whileonethirdareemotionaldisorderssuchas

stress,anxietyanddepression,whichoftenbecomeoutwardlyapparentthroughself­

harm.Therewasanastonishing52percentjumpinhospitaladmissionsforchildren

andyoungpeoplewhohadharmedthemselvesbetween2022and2022.

Schoolsandteachershaveconsistentlyreportedthescaleoftheproblemsince

2022.Lastyear,overhalfofteachersreportedthatmoreof.theirpupilsexperience

mentalhealthproblemsthaninthepast.Butteachersalsoconsistentlyreporthowill-

euippedtheyfeeltomeetpupils'mentalhealthneeds,andoftencitealackoftraining,

expertiseandsupportfromtheNationalHealthService(英国国家医疗效劳

体系).

Partofthereasonfortheincreasedpressureon.schoolsisthattherearenow

fewer*earlyintervention()*andlow-levelmentalhealthservicesbasedinthe

community.Cutstolocalauthoritybudgetssince2022haveresultedinasignificant

declineoftheseservices,despitestrongevidenceoftheireffectivenessinpreventing

crisesfurtherdowntheline.

Theonlywaytobreakthepressuresonbothmentalhealthservicesandschoolsis

toreinvestinearlyinterventionservicesinsideschools.

Therearestrongargumentsforwhyschoolsarebestplacedtoprovidemental

healthservices.Schoolsseeyoungpeoplemorethananyotherservice,whichgives

themauniueabilitytogettohard-to-reachchildrenandyoungpeopleandbuild

meaningfulrelationshipswiththemovertime.Recentstudieshaveshownthatchildren

andyoungpeoplelargelyprefertoseeacounsellorinschoolratherthaninanoutside

environment,youngpeoplehavereportedthatforlow-levelconditionssuchasstress

andanxiety,aclinicalsettingcansometimesbedaunting(令人去步的).

Therearealreadyexamplesofinnovativeschoolswhichcombinementalhealth

andwellbeingprovisionwithastrongacademiccurriculum.Thiswill,though,reuirea

hugeculturalshift.Politicians,policymakers,commissionersandschoolleadersmust

bebraveenoughtomaketheleaptowardsreimaginingschoolsasprovidersofhealthas

wellaseducationservices.

46.Whatareteacherscomplainingabout

A)Therearetoomanystudentsreuiringspecialattention.

B)Theyareundertoomuchstresscounselling-needystudents.

C)Schoolsareinadeuatelyeuippedtoimplementanyintervention.

D)Theylackthenecessaryresourcestoaddresspupils1mentalproblems.

47.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcommunityhealthservicesinBritain

A)Theyhavedeterioratedduetobudgetcuts.

B)Theyfacilitatelocalresidents'everydaylives.

C)Theyproveineffectiveinhelpingmentalpatients.

D)Theycoverpreventativecareforthelocalresidents.

48.Wheredoestheauthorsuggestmentalhealthservicesbeplaced

A)Athome.B)Atschool.C)Inhospitals.D)Incommunities.

49.Whatdowelearnfromtherecentstudies

A)Studentsprefertorelyonpeerstorelievestressandanxiety.

B)Youngpeoplearekeenonbuildingmeaningfulrelationships.

C)Studentsaremorecomfortableseekingcounsellinginschool.

D)Youngpeoplebenefitfromvariouskindsofoutdooractivities.

50.Whatdoestheauthormeanbyaculturalshift(Line2,Para.6)

A)Simplificationofschools*academiccurriculums.

B)Parents'involvementinschools1policy-making.

C)Achangeinteachers1attitudestomentalhealth.

D)Achangeintheconceptionofwhatschoolsare.

PassageTwo

uestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Picturethis:You'reatamovietheaterfoodstandloadinguponsnacks.Youhavea

choiceofasmall,mediumorlargesoda.Thesmallis$3.50andthelargeis$5.50.It's

atoughdecision:Thesmallsizemaynotlastyou-throughthewholemovie,but$5.50

fbrsomesugarydrinkseemsridiculous.Butthere'sathirdoption,amediumsodafor

$5.25.Mediummaybetheperfectamountofsodaforyou,butthelargeisonlya

uartermore.Ifyou'relikemostpeople,youendupbuyingthelarge(andtakinga

bathroombreakmidshow).

Ifyou'rewonderingwhowouldbuythemediumsoda,theanswerisalmost-noone.

Infact,there'sagoodchancethemarketingdepartmentpurposelypricedthemedium

sodaasadecoy(诱饵)，makingyoumorelikelytobuythelargesodaratherthanthe

small.

IhavewrittenaboutthispeculiarityinhumannaturebeforewithmyfriendDan

Ariely,whostudiedthisphenomenonextensivelyafternoticingpricingfor

subscriptions(订|阅)toTheEconomist.Thedigitalsubscriptionwas$59,theprint

subscriptionwas$125,andtheprintplusdigitalsubscriptionwasalso$125.Noonein

theirrightmindwouldbuytheprintsubscriptionwhenyoucouldgetdigitalaswellfor

thesameprice,sowhywasitevenanoptionArielyrananexperimentandfoundthat

wh