无锡市天一中学2021-2022学年高二上学期第一次教学质量监测英语试题（解析版）

2021-2022学年度上学期第一次教学质量监测高二英语试题（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whattimeisitnow?A.7:15. B.6:40. C.7:45.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Johnissupposedtocomehereathalfpastseven.W:Yes,he’llbeherein15minutes.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthewoman’shat?A.It’sverygood.B.Itdoesn’tgowellwithherdress.C.Helikesthestyleofit.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Idon’tthinkyourhatmatchesyourdress.W:ButIlikeitsstyle.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedoesn’tknowthepark.B.Theparkisnearby.C.Thereisnoparkinghere.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmehowtogettothepark?M:There’saparkaroundhere?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thewomanshouldgoaway.B.Hewillgoclosertoher.C.Hecanhearherverywell.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IfIspeakthisway,couldyouhearmeclearly?M:Goahead.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheproblem?A.Thewomandoesn’tlikeorangejuice.B.Themanwaslookingfororangejuice.C.Themanbrokethecontaineroftheorangejuice.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IjustboughtsomeorangejuicebutnowIcan’tfindit.Doyouknowwhereitis?M:Ibrokethebottle.Didn’tyouhearthecrash?第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whichbusdidthemantakeyesterday?A.Number7.B.Number15.C.Bothofthem.7.HowfarwillthewomanwalkifshetakesaNumber15bus?A.Halfamile. B.Onemile. C.Twomiles.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Whereareyougoing,Jane?W:I’mgoingtothehospitaltoseeMay.M:Isawheryesterday.Shewasalittlebetter.W:MustIcatchaNumber7bustogetthere?M:No,youneedn’t.ANumber15buswillalsotakeyoutothehospital.W:Number15busesrunmuchmorefrequently,don’tthey?M:Yes.IcaughtaNumber7busyesterday,andIhadtowaitforhalfanhouratthebusstop.W:Thankyou,Henry.I’llgetaNumber15.M:ButNumber15busesleavefromthetowncentre.You’llhavetowalktwomilestocatchone.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.What’stheweatherlikethesedays?A.Rainingallthetime.B.Sunnyandbright.C.Cloudyandwindy.9.Whatdotheythinkoftheweather?A.Nottoobad.B.Terrible.C.Fine.10.Howabouttheweathertomorrowaccordingtotheweatherman?A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.【答案】8.A9.B10.A【解析】【原文】W:Whataterribledayitis!M:Yes,itistoobad.W:Istheweatheralwayslikethis?M:No,Ithinkitwillbefinesoon.W:Ihopeyouareright.Wedon’twanttobestuckhereallmorning.M:Quiteright.W:Whatistheweatherforecastfortoday?M:Rainyinthemorningandcloudyintheafternoon.W:Ithasbeenrainingforthepastfewdays.M:Idon’tthinkweatherlikethiscanlastlong.W:Doyouthinkitwillbefinetomorrow?M:Perhaps.Theweathermansaysitwillclearuptomorrow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Wheredidthemanwatchthemovie?A.Atafriend’shouse.B.Downtown.C.Atanearbycinema.12.Howdidthemanlikethemovie?A.Itwasexcellent.B.Itwasabsurd.C.Itwasn’tworthmentioning.13.WhydidDavesayhisroommatewasarealairhead?A.HethoughtTitanicwasaJapaneseboatduringWorldWarⅡ.B.HesaidthattheJapanesewonthewarusingaboatcalledTitanic.C.HebelievedthattheJapanesesankaboatcalledTitanic.14.WhatdidDaveandhisroommatedoafterthemovie?A.Theywentoutforafewdrinks.B.TheywatchedTV.C.Theytalkedabouttheirhobbies.【答案】11.B12.A13.C14.B【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Dave.Howwasyourweekend?M:Notbad.Iwentdowntowntowatchamoviewithmyroommate.W:Howwasit?M:Oh,themoviewaswonderful,butthecompanywasn’t.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,Ilikedthemovie,butmyroommateisarealairhead.Westartedtalkingaboutthisandthat,andhethoughtTitanicwasaboattheJapanesesankduringWorldWarⅡ.W:Oh,oh.Notaverybrightguy.M:Yeah,andhe’srealcouchpotato.Heinvitedmeovertohisparents’housetowatchTV.Wow.IbetwatchingTVishisonlyhobby,buthesuredoesn’tknowmuch.W:Toobad.Hey,doyouwanttogooutandgetsomethingtodrink?It’sprettyearly.M:Nah.I’dliketogotobed.Ihaveatesttomorrowmorning,andIwanttobereadyforit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】15.Whatisthewoman?A.Asaleswoman.B.Astudent.C.Abankclerk.16.Howmuchmoneycanthewomangetpermonthalltogether?A.＄760. B.＄1260. C.＄2160.17.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Workmore.B.Getsomemoneyfromthebank.C.Makeamonthlybudget.【答案】15.B16.B17.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Carina.Longtimenosee.Outpartyingeverynight,insteadofstudying,huh?W:Well,notrecently!Actually,Idon’thaveanymoneytopartythesedays.M:Hey,Ithoughtyouhadagoodpart-timejobatthemall.W:Ido.Iworkabouttwentyhoursaweek,andthepay’snotbad,ninedollarsandfiftycentsanhour.M:Really?Sothat’ssevenhundredandsixtydollarsamonth.Hey,that’snotabadincomeforastudent!W:Iknow.Andmyparentssendmefivehundreddollarsamonth,too.But...M:Butyoucan’tliveonthat?W:NoIonlymanagetosaveabouttendollarsamonth.M:Itsoundslikeyouhaveabudgetproblem.Simply,eitherworkmoreorspendless.W:I’mdefinitelynotgoingtoworkmore.M:Soyou’dbetterstartspendingless.Whydon’tyoumakeamonthlybudget?W:Abudget?Hmm,maybe...Hey,Tim,youmajoredineconomics,right?M:Uh,yeah...W:Andyouworkinabanknow,right?M:Uh,yeah,why?W:Well,you’rethebestpersontohelpmemakeabudget!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whatdidthewomandoimmediatelyaftershewokeup?A.Shelookedoutofthewindow.B.SheturnedontheTV.C.Shepreparedtoleave.19.Whatwastheweatherlikethatday?A.Rainy. B.Sunny. C.Windy.20.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Thewomanleftwithouttakinganything.B.Shecouldn’tseetheroadclearlybecausenightwasdrawingnear.C.Abigfirebrokeoutaroundwhereshelived.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】ThefirstthingIdidwhenIwokeupinthemorningwaswatchingtheTVnews.Icouldseethatthesituationwasbad.Outsideinthegarden,Icouldn’tseethesun,astheskywasfullofsmoke.IdecidedI’dbetterleave.Ipackedasuitcaseofclothesandanothercaseofusefulthings.It’sdifficultinthiskindofsituationtodecideexactlywhattotakewithyou.Outinthegardentheskywasgettingblacker,andthewindwasgettingstronger.Igotintomycaranddrovedowntheroad.Thesmokewasthickandattimesitwasdifficulttoseetheroad.Animalswererunningacrosstheroad,tryingtoescapethefire.FivemilesdowntheroadIcametoalongbridge.OnlywhenIwasontheothersidedidIknowIwassafe.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABuzzwords(流行词汇)SplinternetEuropeisfloatingregulationthatcouldimposetemporarybansonUStechcompaniesthatviolateitslaws.Ifsuchterritorialagreementsbecomemorecommon,theglobally-connectedInternetweknowwillmorelikewhatsomehavecalledthe“splinternet”,oracollectionofdifferentInternetswhoselimitsaredeterminedbynationalorregionalborders.Cyberpunk—Doyouthinkwearealreadyinacyberpunkage?—Ithinkweare.Justlookaroundus,weareenjoyingthefruitofhightechnologywhenweorderalmosteverythingatourfingertips.Butthepeopledeliveringtheproductscan’tevenhaveadecentmeal.That’satypical“hightech,lowlife”contrast.Mansplaining—Youmustfollowmyinstructionstocompletetheproject.Don’tyoueverscrewup.—Stopmansplaining,OK?I’mfarmoreexperiencedthanyou.DigitalnativesIfyouarewonderingwhy“Phone”appiconisdesignedlikethatandlooksalmostthesameoneverysmartphone,youaredefinitelyoneofthedigitalnativeswhodon’tknowwhatatelephoneis.SocialbankruptcyHaveyoueverfounditextremelyexhaustingtryingtomaintainabalancedrelationshipwithallyoursocialmediafriendsandfollowers?Perhapsit’stimethatyougosocialbankruptcy.Justcloseallyouraccountsandgooutandenjoythesunshine.21.ThesocialmediaplatformFacebookbrieflydecidedtopreventAustralianusersfromsharingnewlinks.Whichwordismostrelevanttothisaffair?A.Splinternet B.Mansplaining C.Digitalnatives D.Socialbankruptcy22.Mencius(孟子)oncesaid:“Disgustforsomeonebyothersdoesfocusonhis/herpretendingtobeothers’master.”Whichwordmeansthesamething?A.Splinternet B.Cyberpunk C.Mansplaining D.Digitalnatives23.WhichcolumninTeenSpaceMagazineisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Preface B.Outlook C.Story D.Witticism【答案】21.A22.C23.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些如今流行的流行词汇的含义。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“EuropeisfloatingregulationthatcouldimposetemporarybansonUStechcompaniesthatviolateitslaws.Ifsuchterritorialagreementsbecomemorecommon,theglobally-connectedInternetweknowwillmorelikewhatsomehavecalledthe“splinternet”,oracollectionofdifferentInternetswhoselimitsaredeterminedbynationalorregionalborders.(欧洲正在实施一项浮动法规，可能对违反欧洲法律的美国科技公司实施临时禁令。如果这样的领土协议变得更加普遍，我们所知道的全球互联互联网将更像一些人所说的“分裂互联网”，或不同互联网的集合，其界限由国家或地区边界决定)”可知，社交媒体平台Facebook暂时决定阻止澳大利亚用户分享新的链接，Splinternet与之相关。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Mansplaining部分中“—Youmustfollowmyinstructionstocompletetheproject.Don’tyoueverscrewup.—Stopmansplaining,OK?I’mfarmoreexperiencedthanyou.(——你必须按照我的指示完成这个项目。千万别搞砸了。——停止好为人师好吗？我比你经验丰富多了)”可知，孟子说过“人之患在好为人师”与C选项“Mansplaining”意思是一样的。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Buzzwords(流行词汇)”以及文章主要介绍了一些如今流行的流行词汇的含义，可推知，文章可能来自《青少年空间杂志》的“前景”专栏。故选B。BEveryoneisafraidofsomething.Maybeyou'reafraidofspiders,orheights,ordogs,orthedark.Andtraditionally,we’vethoughtthat'sbecauseyoulearnedtobeafraid.Probablybecauseyouhadabadrun-inwithsomethingatsomepoint.Butthere'sadifferentideaouttherethat'sbeengettingmoreattentionlately:theideathatfearsaren’tjustlearned…theyalsocanbeinherited.Itsoundslikeawildidea.Howdoyouinheritsomethingasabstractasfear?Butoverthelastfiftyyears,researchershavebeenstudyingjusthowmuchfearshavetodowithinheritanceandgenetics.Andtheirresultshavebeenkindofsurprising.Inthiswork,they’veputalotofeffortintounderstandingoneextremekindoffear,calledaphobia.Togetasenseofhowmuchgenesinfluencefear,scientistshavebegunlookingatidenticaltwins.SinceidenticaltwinshavealmostthesameDNA,researcherscanfigureouthowheritableafearisbycomparinghowoftenspecificphobiasappearinidenticaltwinsasopposedtootherbrothersorsisters.Becauseeventhoughtwinsoftenhavelotsofsimilarexperiences,theyprobablydon'tsharethetypesofexperiencesthatcausephobias—likegettingbittenbyadogorfallingoutofatree.One1998studyof659pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwinsinAustralialookedathowmanyhadafearofblood.Thestudyfoundthatgeneticsaccountedfor71percentofthevariationamongthosepeople,meaninggeneticfactorsplayaprettybigroleindeterminingwhetherapersonhassomespecificfear.A2016studyalsofoundthatfearofdentalworkwasover30percentheritable.So,ifyouareafraidofgoingtothedentist,itreallymightnotbeyourdentist'sfault.Overall,first-degreerelativesofpeoplewithphobiasaremorelikelytohavesimilarphobiasthanpeoplewithnofamilyhistory.So,it'sprettyclearthatphobiasareheritable!24.WhatdoestheauthormeanbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinPara.2?A.It'sunbelievablethatpeoplecaninheritsomethingsoabstractlikefear.B.It'ssurprisingthatpeopleknowsolittleaboutinheritanceandgenetics.C.It'snaturalthatpeoplebecomeafraidofthingsthattheyhadbadexperiencewith.D.It'sinterestingthatpeopleareafraidofsomanythingssuchasspidersandthedark.25.Whydidthescientistschooseidenticaltwinsastheirtestsubjects?ATheylookverymuchalike. B.Theyhavesharedexperiences.C.Theyhavesimilarpersonalities. D.TheysharebasicallythesameDNA.26.WhatdidtheauthortrytoprovebymentioningthestudiesinPara.4and5?A.Dentistsarescarytomanykids. B.Mostpeoplehavesomekindoffear.C.Fearofbloodisthemostcommonphobia. D.Fearofthingscanbearesultofgeneticinheritance.27.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Atravelbrochure. B.Asciencetalkshow.C.Acommercialadvertisement. D.Ahistorybook.【答案】24.A25.D26.D27.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现人们能遗传像恐惧这样抽象的东西，介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。【24题详解】句意猜测题。根据画线词后文“Howdoyouinheritsomethingasabstractasfear?Butoverthelastfiftyyears,researchershavebeenstudyingjusthowmuchfearshavetodowithinheritanceandgenetics.Andtheirresultshavebeenkindofsurprising.”可知，但在过去的50年里，研究人员一直在研究恐惧与遗传和基因有多大关系。他们的结果证明了人们能遗传像恐惧这样抽象的东西，这令人惊讶，故画线句意思是“令人难以置信的是，人们能遗传像恐惧这样抽象的东西”。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“SinceidenticaltwinshavealmostthesameDNA,researcherscanfigureouthowheritableafearisbycomparinghowoftenspecificphobiasappearinidenticaltwinsasopposedtootherbrothersorsisters.(由于同卵双胞胎拥有几乎相同的DNA，研究人员可以通过比较特定恐惧症在同卵双胞胎和其他兄弟姐妹中出现的频率来了解恐惧的遗传程度)”可知，科学家选择同卵双胞胎作为他们的测试对象因为他们基本上拥有相同的DNA。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“One1998studyof659pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwinsinAustralialookedathowmanyhadafearofblood.Thestudyfoundthatgeneticsaccountedfor71percentofthevariationamongthosepeople,meaninggeneticfactorsplayaprettybigroleindeterminingwhetherapersonhassomespecificfear.(1998年的一项研究对澳大利亚659对同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎进行了研究，看有多少人害怕血。研究发现，基因在这些人的变异中占71%，这意味着基因因素在决定一个人是否有某种特定的恐惧方面发挥了相当大的作用)”以及第五段“A2016studyalsofoundthatfearofdentalworkwasover30percentheritable.So,ifyouareafraidofgoingtothedentist,itreallymightnotbeyourdentist'sfault.Overall,first-degreerelativesofpeoplewithphobiasaremorelikelytohavesimilarphobiasthanpeoplewithnofamilyhistory.(2016年的一项研究还发现，对牙医的恐惧超过30%是遗传的。所以，如果你害怕去看牙医，这可能不是你牙医的错。总的来说，有恐惧症的人的一级亲属比没有家族史的人更有可能有类似的恐惧症)”可推知，作者通过提到第4和第5段的研究试图证明恐惧可能是遗传的结果。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butthere'sadifferentideaouttherethat'sbeengettingmoreattentionlately:theideathatfearsaren’tjustlearned…theyalsocanbeinherited.(但最近有一种不同观点得到了更多的关注：恐惧不仅仅是后天习得的……它们也可以遗传)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员发现人们能遗传像恐惧这样抽象的东西，介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。可推知，文章可能来自科学谈话节目。故选B。CDr.MelissaD.YoungisachemistandCertifiedDiabetesEducatorattheAmericanAssociationofDiabetesEducatorswhoholdsaverypersonalinterestinadvocatingforannualfluvaccination(预防接种).Twelveyearsago,hermotherpassedawayafterafluinfection.Young’smotherhadachronic(慢性的)lungcondition,butshehadrefusedtogetafluvaccinebecauseshemistakenlythoughtitwouldmakehersufferfromtheflu.It’sasad,butalltoocommonstory.AccordingtodatacollectedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,ofUSadultswhowerehospitalizedforfluinfectionin2018-2019withadditionalinformationavailable,93percenthadatleastonemedicalcondition.IntheUS,nearlyhalfofalladultsaged45-64years,and80percentofthoseaged65yearsandolder,havemultiplechronichealthconditionsthatputthemathighriskforflu-relatedcomplications,includingheartattack,stroke,hospitalization,andevendeath.Toaddressthispublichealththreat,themedicalcommunityisworkingtogethertoprotectthemostvulnerable(易受伤害的)patients.Fluvirusescauseareactionthatcanlastforseveralweeksfollowingseriousinfection.Thisflu-relatedreactioncanmakeexistingchronicconditionsworse,includingheartdisease,lungdiseaseanddiabetes.Additionally,adultswithdiabetesweresixtimesmorelikelytobehospitalizedandthreetimesmorelikelytodiefromflu-relatedcomplicationsthanpeoplewithoutdiabetes.Yetthereremainslowawarenessoftheimportanceofannualfluvaccinationforadultswithchronichealthconditions.Despitetheabundanceofpublichealthguidanceurgingpeopletogetvaccinatedeachyear,increasingfluvaccinationrateshasprovenextremelydifficult.Vaccinationcoverageamongadultshasincreasedslightlyoverthepastdecade,butremainsabout40percent,leavingmorethanhalfofUSadultsvulnerableeachyear.28.WhydoestheauthormentionYoung’smotherinparagraph1?A.Tosummarizethefollowingparagraphs.B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C.Toshowthebackgroundofthestory.D.Toprovidesomeadviceforreaders.29.Whatdoweknowaboutfluinfectionandchronicconditions?A.Theyinfluenceeachother. B.TheyexistmainlyinAmerica.C.Theyhardlyhappentotheyoung. D.Theyarethemainreasonsfordeath.30.WhatattitudedomostAmericanadultshavetowardsfluvaccination?A.Positive. B.Flexible.C.Uncertain. D.Uncaring.31.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThebenefitsoffluvaccinationB.FluinfectionisincreasingintheUSAC.FluinfectionisathreatforAmericanadultsD.Thedifficultyincarryingoutfluvaccination【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国流感的严重性以及美国成年人不重视预防流感和接种疫苗。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’sasad,butalltoocommonstory.(这是一个令人悲伤但又非常普遍的故事)”以及最后一段“Yetthereremainslowawarenessoftheimportanceofannualfluvaccinationforadultswithchronichealthconditions.(然而，对于患有慢性疾病的成年人每年接种流感疫苗的重要性，人们的认识仍然很低)”可推知，作者在第一段提到杨的母亲是为了引出文章的主题。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“havemultiplechronichealthconditionsthatputthemathighriskforflu-relatedcomplications,includingheartattack,stroke,hospitalization,andevendeath(患有多种慢性疾病，这使他们面临着心脏病、中风、住院甚至死亡等流感相关并发症的高风险)”以及第四段“Thisflu-relatedreactioncanmakeexistingchronicconditionsworse,includingheartdisease,lungdiseaseanddiabetes.(这种与流感相关的反应会使现有的慢性疾病恶化，包括心脏病、肺病和糖尿病)”可推知，流感感染和慢性病相互影响。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Vaccinationcoverageamongadultshasincreasedslightlyoverthepastdecade,butremainsabout40percent,leavingmorethanhalfofUSadultsvulnerableeachyear.(在过去十年中，成年人的疫苗接种率略有上升，但仍保持在40%左右，每年有超过一半的美国成年人易受感染)”可推知，大多数美国成年人对流感疫苗接种的态度是不关注的。故选D项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第二段“USadultswhowerehospitalizedforfluinfectionin2018-2019withadditionalinformationavailable,93percenthadatleastonemedicalcondition.(在2018-2019年因流感感染住院的美国成年人中，93%的人至少有一种疾病)”以及第三段“IntheUS,nearlyhalfofalladultsaged45-64years,and80percentofthoseaged65yearsandolder,havemultiplechronichealthconditionsthatputthemathighriskforflu-relatedcomplications(在美国，近一半的45-64岁成年人以及80%的65岁及以上的成年人患有多种慢性疾病，这些疾病使他们面临流感相关并发症的高风险)”可推知，本文主要介绍了流感感染对美国成年人的威胁性之高。C项“流感感染对美国成年人是一种威胁”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。DThefarsideofthemoonisastrangeandwildregion,quitedifferentfromthefamiliarandmostlysmoothfaceweseenightlyfromourplanet.Soonthisroughspacewillhaveevenstrangerfeatures:itwillbecrowdedwithradiotelescopes.Astronomersareplanningtomakethemoon'sdistantsideournewestandbestwindowonthecosmic(宇宙的)darkages,amysteriouserahidingearlymarksofstarsandgalaxies.Ouruniversewasnotalwaysfilledwithstars.About380,000yearsafterthebigbang,theuniversecooled,andthefirstatomsofhydrogenformed.Gigantichydrogencloudssoonfilledtheuniverse.Butforafewhundredmillionyears,everythingremaineddark,withoutstars.Thencamethecosmicdawn:thefirststarsflickered,galaxiescameintoexistenceandslowlytheuniverse'slarge­scalestructuretookshape.Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark­agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光学的)telescopes—therewasnolight.Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong­wavelength(orlow­frequency)radioemissions,radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.Nowmultiplespaceagenciesplanlunarmissionscarryingradio­wave­detectinginstruments—somewithinthenextthreeyears—andastronomers'dreamsaresettobecomereality.“IfIweretodesignanidealplacetodolow­frequencyradioastronomy,Iwouldhavetobuildthemoon,”saysastrophysicistJackBurnsoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulder.“Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”32.What'sthepurposeofbuildingradiotelescopesonthemoon?A.Toresearchthebigbang. B.Todiscoverunknownstars.C.Tostudythecosmicdarkages. D.Toobservethefarsideofthemoon.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“probe”inParagraph3possiblymean?A.Explore. B.Evaluate.C.Produce. D.Predict.34.Hydrogenradioemissionscan'tbedetectedonEarthbecause________．A.therewasnolightinthedarkagesB.theycannotpossiblygetthroughouratmosphereC.gigantichydrogencloudsnolongerfilltheuniverseD.radiosignalsonEarthcausetoomuchinterference35.Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.Scientistshavetorebuildthemoon.B.Wewillfinallygettothemoon'sdistantside.C.Themoonisaperfectplacetosetupradiotelescopes.D.Afavorableresearchenvironmentwillbefoundonthemoon.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们想要在月球背面架设射电望远镜，以此来研究宇宙暗黑纪元。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thefarsideofthemoonisastrangeandwildregion,quitedifferentfromthefamiliarandmostlysmoothfaceweseenightlyfromourplanet.Soonthisroughspacewillhaveevenstrangerfeatures:itwillbecrowdedwithradiotelescopes.（月球的背面是一个奇怪而狂野的区域，与我们每晚从地球上看到的熟悉而平滑的面孔大不相同。很快，这个粗糙的空间将会有更加奇特的特征:它将被射电望远镜所包围。）”可知，月球的远端很快就要被射电望远镜所包围；而根据第四段“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.（几十年来，科学家们一直梦想着从月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑纪元。）”可知，科学家们想通过研究月球的背面来研究宇宙的黑暗纪元。由以上可以推出，架设电望远镜的目的是研究宇宙的黑暗纪元。故选C项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词部分“Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark­agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光学的)telescopes—therewasnolight.（这种结构的种子一定存在于黑暗纪元的氢云中，但是这个时代不可能用光学望远镜来probe——那里没有光。）”中的therewasnolight解释了不能用光学望远镜的原因。且根据后文“Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong­wavelength(orlow­frequency)radioemissions,radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.（尽管这种氢气产生了长波长(或低频率)的电辐射，但地球上的射电望远镜已经发现几乎不可能探测到它们。）”中detect即为“探测”之意。前后对应，probe应为“探测”之意，意同“explore”。故选A项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.（我们的大气层要么阻碍或干扰这些微弱的信号；那些通过的信号被人类的无线电噪声所淹没。）”中的humanity'sradionoise可知，检测不到射电辐射的原因是，地球上的无线电信号造成了太多的干扰。故选D项。【35题详解】判断推理题。根据第四段“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.（几十年来，科学家们一直梦想着从月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑纪元。）”和最后一段““Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”（“我们未来几年将把这些望远镜放在月球上的地方。”）”可推知，划线部分的意思是月球是架设射电望远镜的理想场所。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MakingtheMostofthePresentWe'veallbeenaskedthatquestion"Wheredoyouseeyourselfin5or10years?”andwhilesomeofusmighthavetheanswerstothat,therealityis,mostofusdon'tandthatistotallyOK.____36____We'veputtogetherthebelowtipsonhowtoenjoylivinginthemoment.Stopworryingaboutwhathasn'thappenedyet.We'vealldoneit.Worryingaboutasituationthathasn'thappenedyetisonlygoingtoruinallthegoodthingsthatarehappeningnow.Ifyoufocusonthefuturetoomuch,itmakesthepresentirrelevant.____37____Ifitisreallyeatingyouup,trythinkingaboutwhatyoucandorightnowtoavoidanynegativesituationsyoumightbeworriedabout.____38____Itissoeasytogetcaughtupinotherpeople'slivesandcompareyourachievementstotheirs,soifyoufindyourselfdoubtingyourachievementsandfeelinglessthansomeonebecausetheyhaveanicercarorabetterjob,takeastepawayfromthemforawhileuntilyounolongerfeelnegativelyaboutthedifferencesinyourlivesandachievements.Bettermood,betterlife.Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse.____39____Andlookingafteryourselfbeforeanyoneelseisthemostimportant.Worktowardsthegoalsyouwanttoachievenottheonesotherswantyoutoachieveortheonesyouthinkyoushouldbeachievingbecausesocietytellsustoo.Ifyoudon'twanttogetmarried,that'sOK,andifyoudo,that'sOKtoo.____40____A.Nooneisbetterthanyou.B.Youareyourownnumberone.C.Justmakesurethatanythingyoudo,isdoneforyou!D.Stopbeinginfluencedbypopularandinfluentialpeople.E.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplethatmakeyoufeelbetter.F.Whatwillbe,willbeandstressingaboutsomethingisn'tgoingtochangethat.G.Thinkingaheadisimportantbutitcanoftenbethecauseofunnecessarystress.【答案】36.G37.F38.E39.B40.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文就话题“怎样抓住当下，过好当下”进行陈述并给出了三个方面的建议。【36题详解】根据上文“We'veallbeenaskedthatquestion"Wheredoyouseeyourselfin5or10years?”andwhilesomeofusmighthavetheanswerstothat,therealityis,mostofusdon'tandthatistotallyOK.(我们都被问到过这个问题:“你认为自己在5年或10年后会发展到什么地步?”虽然有些人可能知道答案，但事实是，大多数人都不知道，这也没什么)”和下文“We'veputtogetherthebelowtipsonhowtoenjoylivinginthemoment.(我们整理了下面这些如何享受当下的小贴士)”可知，空处承上启下，说明提前考虑会带来压力。G项“提前考虑是很重要的，但它往往会导致不必要的压力”符合语境。故选G。【37题详解】本段主题句为“Stopworryingaboutwhathasn'thappenedyet.(不要担心还没有发生的事情)”可知，本段主要说明不要为将来担心，F项中“Whatwillbe,willbe”与之对应。F项“将来会怎样，会怎样，为某事感到压力不会改变它”符合语境。故选F。【38题详解】设空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Bettermood,betterlife.(好心情，好生活)”可知，E项中“makeyoufeelbetter.”与之对应。E项“和让你感觉更好的人在一起”符合语境。故选E。【39题详解】根据上文“Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse.(把自己放在第一位，不要试图取悦其他人)”可知，本段主要强调的是自己是最重要的。B项“你就是你自己的第一”符合语境。故选B。【40题详解】该自然段主题句为“Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse(把自己放在第一位，不要试图取悦其他人)”设空在文段最后一句，总结该文段意思。C项“只要确保你做任何事，都是为你做的！”符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Gonearethedayswhenbigbusinesseswerelookeduponbyenvironmentalistsasenemiesinthefightagainstglobalwarming.JusttwoweeksafterU.S.PresidentDonaldTrumppulledhiscountry