高考阅读理解解题指导

高考阅读理解解题指导

高考考纲规定，阅读理解部分要求考生能读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段。考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；（4）作出简单判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。下面主要讲我们在最后阶段应如何快速提高解答阅读理解题的准确率和速度。一、先题后文，忌一概精读先看题目，再读文章——这种方法看似简单，却可以给考生节约很多宝贵的时间。该方法适用于所有体裁的阅读理解文章，尤其适用于应用文。因为阅读理解测试不仅考查受试者的精读能力，还考查略读和跳读能力，而应用文是最适合考查略读和跳读能力的体裁。例：（2017全国I卷A篇，保留原题题号，下同）PacificScienceCenterGuide◆VisitPacificScienceCenter'sStoreDon'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.◆Hungry?Ourexhibits...◆RentalInformationLockersareavailable...◆SupportPacificScienceCenterSince...bringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.21.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.B.InBuilding3.C.AttheLaserDome.D.AttheDennyWayentrance.22.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools? A.Trainscienceteachers. B.Distributesciencebooks. C.Inspirescientificresearch. D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext? A.Toencouragedonations. B.Toadvertisecomingevents. C.Tointroducespecialexhibits. D.TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.

本文是应用文。文章是太平洋科学中心的参观指南。答案依次是B、D、A。通过浏览题目不难发现，三道题均为细节理解题。再阅读文章可知，三道题都是只需要阅读小标题及个别信息就可以找到答案。也就是通过先看题目，再读文章，利用跳读的方法，只需读几十词（而不是全文220余词）就可以快速且正确作答。二、顺序寻找答案线索，特殊情况除外通常一篇阅读理解的数个题目的答案线索在文中是按先后顺序出现的，特殊情况除外。例如，主旨大意题、标题归纳题、文章出处题、写作目的题等题目是建立在文章全部内容之上的，通常放在最后或最前面，解答这些题目的明显依据视文章具体情况而定。因此，答题时要避免做每一道题都盲目地从头到尾找线索，而应在上一道题的答案线索下面找本道题的答案线索。这样在做题过程中可以节约不少时间。

从上文所举的例子（2017全国I卷A篇）来看，三道题的答案线索依次出现在第一段、最后一段前半部分、最后一段后半部分。我们再举一个例子。例：（2017全国I卷B篇）

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife...Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl...Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine...Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound...Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents...toseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall...Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Efforts

made

in

vain. B.Getting

injured

in

his

work. C.Feeling

uncertain

about

his

future. D.Creatures

forced

out

of

their

homes.25.Why

was

the

author

called

to

Muttontown? A.To

rescue

a

woman. B.To

take

care

of

a

woman. C.To

look

at

a

baby

owl. D.To

cure

a

young

owl.26.What

made

the

chick

calm

down?A.A

new

nest. B.Some

food.C.A

recording. D.Its

parents.27.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent? A.It's

unexpected. B.

It's

beautiful. C.

It's

humorous. D.

It's

discouraging.

本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助一只猫头鹰幼雏的经历。选文是文章每段中的部分内容。答案依次是A、C、A、B。第24、25、26题是细节理解题；第27题是推理判断题。四道题的答案线索依次出现在第一、二、四、六段。三、仔细阅读题干，排除干扰项通常阅读理解的选项均与文章中的信息相关：正确选项是对原文部分内容的同义重复或者总结引申；干扰项有的会在原文中全部或部分出现，有的是对文章部分信息断章取义的结果，有的则是对原文信息的错误联想。很多同学不仔细阅读题干，仅凭某一选项在文章中出现过就选为答案的做法往往使自己中了命题人的圈套，是非常不可取的。例：（2017全国II卷B篇）

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers....24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst? A.PaulNewmanwantedit. B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent. C.Hewasn'tfamousenough. D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.

本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者和一位名演员PaulNewman之间的友谊。选文是文章第一段的内容。答案是