阅读理解·组合限时练(一)

阅读理解·组合限时练(一)(限时30分钟)说明：语篇中的加黑词汇为高级表达词汇，用黑体给予凸显，旨在让考生在阅读的同时，潜移默化地提升表达素养，且这些词汇在后面给予集中归纳，供考生自主积累并应用。A(2023·周口一模)It'shardtoimagineavisualrecordofthe20thcenturywithoutPicasso.TheSpanishartistcapturedeverythingfromthehorrorsofwartotheboundlesspossibilitiesofthehumanform.Eventhoseunfamiliarwiththemodernarthistorycanlikelyidentifyafewofhisbest-knownpaintings.TheOldGuitaristCompleted:Late1903toearly1904Wheretoseeit:ArtInstituteofChicagoTheOldGuitaristhastobeoneofthemostsorrowfulpaintingstoevercapturetheartworld'simagination.Thefiguredepicted(描绘)thinandcross-leggedappearsexhaustedashesitsoverhisbrownguitar.GarconalaPipeCompleted:1905Wheretoseeit:PrivatecollectionWithGarconalaPipe(BoyWithaPipe),wemovefromPicasso'sblueperiodtothemorelivelyroseperiod.Andwhilethefigureintheoil-on-canvasportraitisclothedinblue,thebackgroundfeatureshappiershadesofochreandpink.GirlBeforeaMirrorCompleted:1932Wheretoseeit:MuseumofModernArt(NewYork)Ifthere'sasinglepaintingthatscreamsPicasso,thismightbetheone.GirlBeforeaMirrorisalivewithcolor,pathosandcharmingshapesthattakecubismtoitsextremes.Picassosaidhepreferredthispaintingtoanyoftheothers,accordingtoMOMA'sfoundingdirector,AlfredH．BarrJr.GuernicaCompleted:1937Wheretoseeit:MuseoReinaSofia(Madrid)GuernicaisPicasso'sbest-knownwork.ItsdepictionofanaerialbombingattackontheBasquetownofGuernicainApril1937,duringtheSpanishCivilWar,wasavisualprelude(序曲)tocomingviolentactofWorldWarⅡ.Themutedtonesofgrayfurtheremphasizetheshapesofhumans,theirarmsoutstretchedinextremepain.Guernicahasbecomeoneofthemostrecognizableanti-warpaintingsinhistory.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了毕加索最著名的几幅画。1．WherecanweseeTheOldGuitarist?A．InParis. B．InChicago.C．InNewYork. D．InMadrid.解析：选B细节理解题。根据TheOldGuitarist部分中的“Wheretoseeit:ArtInstituteofChicago”可知，我们在芝加哥可以看到《老吉他手》。2．WhichpaintingisPicasso'sfavorite?A．TheOldGuitarist. B．GarconalaPipe.C．GirlBeforeaMirror. D．Guernica.解析：选C细节理解题。根据GirlBeforeaMirror部分中的“Picassosaidhepreferredthispaintingtoanyoftheothers”可知，《镜子前的女孩》是毕加索的最爱。3．WhatdoesPicassodescribeinGuernica?A．Thegreedofhuman.B．Thecrueltyofthewar.C．Themisfortuneofwomen.D．Thesufferingofthepoor.解析：选B细节理解题。根据Guernica部分中的“ItsdepictionofanaerialbombingattackontheBasquetownofGuernica...comingviolentactofWorldWarⅡ.”可知，毕加索在《格尔尼卡》中描述了战争的残酷。B(2023·江苏苏锡常镇二模)“Torepairancientbooks,wehavealottodo，”saysSongJing,34,whohasbeenworkingintherestorationdivisionforancientbooksattheNationalLibraryofChinainBeijingforeightyears.Beforestartingarestorationproject,Songandhercolleagueshavetoevaluatethesubjecttoconsiderwhatproblemscanbesolvedthroughrestorationandthosethatcannot.Fearingthechemicalsincommerciallyproducedpastes(胶水)mightharmthebooks,theyhavetomakethegluestheyneedbythemselves,startingfromremovingstarch(淀粉)fromflour.“Therestorationalsorequireshighlevelsofcontrolinbrushingthepaper.Ifthepressureisnotproperlycontrolledduringthebrushingprocess,thepapermaytear,butifthetouchistoolight,thepaperwon'tstick，”Songexplains.Songwasdeterminedtojointhefieldfromanearlyage.Asachild,shewasattractedbydocumentariesabouttheworld'sculturalrelics(遗物)andbecamedeeplyinterestedintheartofartifactrestoration.Inseniormiddleschool,thoseearlierexperienceshelpedhertosethersightsonbecomingamasterrestorerofancientbooks.Therewerenotmanyschoolsofferingcultural-relicrestorationcoursesbackthen,andherdreamdestination,PekingUniversity,onlyofferedopeningseveryotheryear.AsSonglookedintoundergraduatecurricula(本科课程)arrangementforthatparticularfieldofstudy,shefounditwasmostlyrelatedtochemistry.Therefore,shechosetostartachemistrydegreeatFudanUniversityinShanghaiin2008.Inhersparetime,shecontinuedtoreaduponculturalrelicsandstudyhowmuseumsoperate.“Igottolearnhowcertainaspectsofchemistryaregoingalongwayinrestoringculturalrelics，”shesays.AftergraduatingfromFudan,shewasacceptedasamaster'scandidatetotheculturalheritagepreservationprogramatPekingUniversity.Fromthenon,shehasbeenonamissiontomakeherdreamsareality.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了宋静在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复处工作和努力成为古籍修复师的故事。4．Whatwillruinarestorationwork?A．Brushingthepaper.B．Man-madeglue.C．Removingstarch.D．Incorrectassessment.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Beforestartingarestorationproject...thosethatcannot.”可知，错误的评估可能会破坏修复工作。5．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSong'sjob?A．DemandingandBoring.B．Complexandchallenging.C．ComplicatedandDangerous.D．Entertainingandprofitable.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Fearingthechemicals...removingstarch(淀粉)fromflour.”和第二段中的“Therestorationalsorequireshighlevelsofcontrolinbrushingthepaper...thepaperwon'tstick”可知，古籍修复工作复杂且具有挑战性。6．WhydidSongstudychemistryatFudanUniversityin2008?A．Shedidn'treachtherequirementofPekingUniversity.B．OnlyFudanUniversityofferedherfavoritecourse.C．Shewantedtobebetterpreparedforherdreamoccupation.D．Herinteresthadshiftedfrombookrestorationtochemistry.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第六段中的“AsSonglookedintoundergraduatecurricula(本科课程)arrangement...atFudanUniversityinShanghaiin2008.”和第七段“‘Igottolearnhowcertainaspectsofchemistryaregoingalongwayinrestoringculturalrelics，’shesays.”可知，宋静去上海复旦大学攻读化学学位是因为她发现研究该特定研究领域的本科生课程安排主要与化学有关，所以她去学习化学是为自己梦想中的职业做更好的准备。[谨防最易错的那一个]错因：本题易误选D。部分考生根据第六段中的“Therefore,shechosetostartachemistrydegreeatFudanUniversityinShanghaiin2008.”未加分析就作出错误的选择。分析：选项D属于曲解文意，错项故意更换个别关键字词或说法，如将“她去学化学是为梦想中的职业做准备”改成了“她兴趣的转移”，造成说法相异，从而背离原文意思，歪曲作者的观点。要判断“曲解文意”干扰项，一定要仔细比对原文，充分理解文意。要特别注意揣摩事物与事物之间的关系，看选项是否有意混淆了逻辑关系。7．WhatcanwelearnfromSong'sstory?A．Historymirrorsfuture.B．Courageisthekeytoachievements.C．Educationbreaksdownbarriers.D．Commitmentandhardworkpayoff.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段“Songwasdeterminedtojointhefieldfromanearlyage.Asachild,she...becamedeeplyinterestedintheartofartifactrestoration.”以及最后一段“AftergraduatingfromFudan,shewasaccepted...atPekingUniversity...tomakeherdreamsareality.”可知，宋静的故事告诉我们，只要付出和努力就会有回报。C(2023·晋中三模)Toadapttoclimatechange,someflowersaredarkeningtheircolortoprotectthemselvesfromthesun'sradiation,newresearchshows.Thestudysuggeststhatoverthepast75years,theultraviolet(UV)pigments(紫外线色素)inflowershaveincreasedinresponsetorisingtemperaturesandathinningozonelayer(臭氧层)．Theflowerswon'tlookanydifferenttohumans,butinsectsconsiderthehigherlevelsofUVpigmentsasadarkercolor,whichcouldbeconfusingwhentheytrytofindoutcolorfulflowerstolandon.TheUV-absorbingpigmentsinflowersworklikesunscreenandprotectsensitivecellsfromharmfulradiation,MatthewKoski,aplantecologistatClemsonUniversity,says.Heandhisteamhopedtodetermineifchangesinpigmentswerearesultofenvironmentalchange—andifso,whataretheplantsrespondingto?Theteamcollecteddried,pressedplantsacrossNorthAmerica,Australia,andEurope.Intotal,theystudied1,238samplesfrom42differentspeciesdatingbackto1941.Then,usingaUV-sensitivecamera,theyphotographedflowerpetalsfromeachspeciestoseehowthepigmentlevelchangedovertime.Next,theypairedthephotographswithhistoriclocaltemperatureandozoneleveldatafromthetimetheplantwaspicked.Theresearchersfoundthatthechangesinpigmentsdifferbyspecies,aresultoftheflower'sstructure.Flowerswithopen,exposedpollen(花粉)hadmoreUV-absorbingpigmentswhenozonelevelswerelowandradiationwashigh.Butflowerswithpollensurroundedbythepetalrespondedtotemperature,notozonelevels.Asclimatechangecontinuestointensify,thesechangesinflowers'colorcanaffectplant-insectinteractions.Whenthewholeflowersgetdarker,insectsmightmisstheflowersentirely.“Thishasanegativeinfluenceonplantreproduction.”Koskisays.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明，为了适应气候变化，一些花的颜色正在变深。8．Whatisthecauseofflowers'colorchangingaccordingtotheresearch?A．Theimpactofclimatecrisis.B．Thelossofnaturalhabitats.C．Theharmofnuclearradiation.D．Thethickeningofozonelayer.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thestudysuggeststhatoverthepast75years...andathinningozonelayer(臭氧层)．”可知，花朵中的紫外线色素随着温度升高和臭氧层变薄而增加，这是花朵应对气候变化的策略。9．WhatareKoski'sfindingsbasedon?A．Photographsofflowersfromdifferentspecies.B．AnalysisofhowlevelsofUVpigmentschangeovertime.C．Collectionofabundantsamplesfromvariousspecies.D．Historiclocaltemperatureandozoneleveldatabase.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Next,theypairedthephotographswithhistoriclocaltemperatureandozoneleveldatafromthetimetheplantwaspicked.”可知，该研究团队将紫外线敏感相机拍摄的花瓣照片与植物被采摘时的当地历史温度和臭氧水平数据配对，分析紫外线色素的水平如何随时间变化，从而得出研究结果。10．Whatcanwelearnaboutthechangeinpigments?A．Itexistsinflowerswithexposedpollenonly.B．Itrespondstotemperatureandsealevels.C．Itremainsthesameregardlessofspecies.D．Itvariesdependingontheflower'sstructure.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Theresearchersfoundthatthechangesinpigmentsdifferbyspecies,aresultoftheflower'sstructure.”可知，色素沉着的变化因花的结构而异。11．WhatisKoski'sattitudetowardsthechangeinflowers'color?A．Concerned. B．Indifferent.C．Unclear. D．Optimistic.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whenthewholeflowersgetdarker...Koskisays.”可知，当整朵花变暗时，昆虫可能会完全错过花朵，这对植物的繁衍有消极的影响，说明Koski对此现象是担忧的。D(2023·义乌三模)ErinAlexanderwashavingahardday.AwaitressworkingatStarbuckswastoo.Erinorderedanicedgreenteaandtoldthewaitresstocheerup.Afterpickinguptheorder,shenoticedamessageonthecup:“Erin,yoursoulisgolden.”ErinAlexanderrecalledtheincident,“Ofcourse,Iwasstillreallysad,butthatlittlethingmadetherestofmyday.”Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychologyinAugust,provejusthowpowerfulexperienceslikeErin'scanbe.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoperformarandomactofkindnesstendtounderestimatehowmuchtherecipientwillappreciateit.Andtheybelievethatmiscalculationcouldholdmanyofusbackfromdoingnicethingsforothersmoreoften.Arecentexperimentrecruited84participantsataniceskatingrinkinChicago,wheretheyweregivenahotchocolateandaskedtokeepitorgiveittoastrangerasanactofkindness.The75participantswhogaveawaytheirhotchocolatewereaskedtopredicthowtherecipientwouldfeelonascalefrom0(verysmall)to10(verylarge),andtherecipientswerethenaskedtoreporttheiractualfeelingsonthesamescales.Inthatexperiment,thepeopledoingthekindthingconsistentlyunderestimatedtheappreciationtheyreceive,accordingtoAmitKumar,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofTexas.“Peopletendtothinkthatwhattheyaregivingiskindoflittle,maybeit'srelativelyinconsequential，”Dr.Kumarsaid.“Butrecipientsarelesslikelytothinkalongthoselines.Theyconsiderthegesturetobesignificantlymoremeaningfulbecausetheyarealsothinkingaboutthefactthatsomeonedidsomethingniceforthem.”Dr.Kumarcontinued,“Withanexperimentlikethis,Ihopeitwillinspiremorepeopletoactuallycommitrandomactsofkindness.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，随意做善事的人往往会低估接受者的感激程度，误判可能会阻碍我们中的许多人更频繁地为他人做好事，希望这个结果可以鼓舞人们更多地做好事。12．What'sthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Topresentafact.B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Todescribeascene.D．Toexplainanopinion.解析：选B推理判断题。结合文章的主题可知，第一段讲述了一个小的善意让双方都感到快乐的小故事是为了引出话题。[谨防最易错的那一个]错因：本题易误选C。部分考生只读完第一段的Erinorderedanicedgreenteaandtoldthewaitresstocheerup.Afterpickinguptheorder,shenoticedamessageonthecup：“Erin,yoursoulisgolden.”就误认为这是描述一个场景。分析：解答本题时，要从写作手法角度考虑，有些说明文采用“故事法”引入主题，先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，从而引出文章的主题。以本文为例，文章主要讲述研究人员发现，随意做善事的人往往会低估接受者的感激程度，误判可能会阻碍我们中的许多人更频繁地为他人做好事，结合第二段讲述文章的主题可推断，第一段的功能是引出话题。13．Whatcanwelearnabouttheexperiment?A．Allparticipantsgiveawaytheirhotchocolate.B．Recipientsreceivedkindgesturesfromtheirfriends.C．Recipientsshowedmoreappreciationthangiversthink.D．Participantsreportedtheirfeelingsonascalefrom0to10.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Peopletendtothinkthatwhat