肌学课件：下肢肌

Myology

第三章肌学第六节下肢肌

Themusclesofthelowerlimb髋肌Themusclesofthehip大腿肌Themusclesofthethigh小腿肌Themusclesoftheleg足肌Themusclesofthefoot一、髋肌前群

Theanteriorgroup后群

Theposteriorgroup髂肌

iliacs腰小肌psoasminor腰大肌psoasmajor(一)髋肌前群tensorfascialatae

（一）髋肌前群阔筋膜张肌髋肌前群的作用髂腰肌iliopsoas屈大腿（髋关节）。Flexesthethighatthehipjoint.大腿外旋（髋关节外旋）。Laterallyrotatethethighatthehipjoint.使躯干前屈。Bendsthetrunkforward.阔筋膜张肌tensorfasciaelatae使阔筋膜紧张并屈髋。（二）髋肌后群gluteusmaximus

臀大肌gluteusmediuspiriformismuscleobturator

internus（二）髋肌后群quadratus

femoris臀中肌梨状肌股方肌闭孔内肌上孖肌下孖肌（二）髋肌后群臀小肌gluteusminimus闭孔外肌obturator

externus（二）髋肌后群piriformismuscleobturator

internus梨状肌闭孔内肌髋肌后群的作用伸髋关节：臀大肌内旋髋关节：臀中肌、臀小肌外旋髋关节：臀大肌、臀中肌、梨状肌、臀小肌、闭孔内肌、闭孔外肌、股方肌外展髋关节：臀中肌、臀小肌、梨状肌髋肌后群的作用臀大肌gluteusmaximus①Flexesandlaterallyrotatesthethighatthehipjoint（使髋关节伸和外旋）；

②下肢固定时，能伸直躯干，防止躯干前倾，是维持人体直立的重要肌肉。臀中肌

gluteusmedius：使大腿外展、内旋和外旋。梨状肌

piriformismuscle：使大腿外展和外旋。闭孔内肌

obturator

internus：使大腿外旋。臀小肌Gluteusminimus：使大腿外展、内旋和外旋。闭孔外肌obturator

externus：使大腿外旋。股方肌quadratus

femoris：使大腿外旋。二、大腿肌

Themusclesofthethigh前群（伸肌群）

Theanterior(extensor)group内侧群（收肌群）

Themedial(adductor)group后群（屈肌群或腘绳肌）

Theposterior(flexororhamstring)groupSartoriusm.

（一）大腿前肌群Vastus

mdialism.

Vastus

lateralism.

Rectus

femorism.

缝匠肌股内侧肌股直肌股外侧肌髌韧带Patellarligament

股内侧肌Vastus

mdialis股外侧肌Vastus

lateralis股直肌Rectus

femoris股直肌腱Rectus

femoris,tendon

股四头肌quadricepsfemorisPatellarligament

Vastus

mdialisVastus

intermediusVastus

lateralis股直肌腱Rectus

femoris,tendon

股四头肌Quadricepsfemoris股外侧肌股中间肌股内侧肌髌韧带股前肌群的作用股四头肌quadricepsfemoris

①伸膝关节。Extendsthekneejoint;②股直肌使髋关节屈。Therectus

femorisflexesthethighatthehipjoint.缝匠肌

sartorius①屈髋关节、屈膝关节。Flexesthehipjointandknee.②使半屈位膝关节内旋。Mediallyrotatestheflexedknee.(三)大腿内侧肌群pectinealmuscleadductorlongusgracilisadductormagnus耻骨肌长收肌大收肌股薄肌(三)大腿内侧肌群pectinealmuscleadductorbrevisgracilisadductormagnus耻骨肌短收肌大收肌股薄肌adductorhiatus

收肌腱裂孔股内侧肌群的作用使大腿（髋关节）内收和外旋。Adductandlaterallyrotatethethighsemitendinosussemimembranosusbicepsfemoris，longhead股二头肌长头半膜肌半腱肌bicepsfemoris，shorthead股二头肌短头(三)大腿后肌群Semitendinosus，tendonsemimembranosusbicepsfemoris，longhead股二头肌长头半膜肌半腱肌腱bicepsfemoris，shorthead股二头肌短头(三)大腿后肌群大腿后肌群的作用伸髋关节、屈膝关节。Extendthethighatthehipjointandflexthelegatthekneejoint.半腱肌和半膜肌：使半屈位的膝关节内旋。股二头肌：使半屈位的膝关节外旋。三、小腿肌

ThemusclesofthelegTheanterior(extensorandinvertor)group

前群（伸肌群或内翻肌群）Thelateral(flexorandevertor)group

外侧群（屈肌群或外翻肌群）Theposterior(flexorandinvertor)group

后群（屈肌群或内翻肌群）

外侧骨筋膜鞘前骨筋膜鞘后骨筋膜鞘小腿的骨筋膜鞘1.小腿前肌群extensorhallucis

longusextensordigitorum

longus

tibialisanterior胫骨前肌趾长伸肌拇长伸肌小腿前肌群的作用背屈（伸）踝关节：胫骨前肌、拇长伸肌和趾长伸肌。足内翻：胫骨前肌。伸拇趾：拇长伸肌、拇短伸肌。伸第2~5趾：趾长伸肌、趾短伸肌。2.小腿外侧肌群peroneus

brevis

peroneus

longus

腓骨短肌腓骨长肌Fibularis

longus

2.小腿外侧肌群腓骨长肌小腿外侧肌群的作用跖屈踝关节：腓骨长、短肌。足外翻：腓骨长、短肌。3.小腿后肌群gastrocnemius

soleus

小腿三头肌tricepssuraemuscletendoncalcaneous跟腱腓肠肌比目鱼肌tibialisposteriorflexorhallucis

longus

flexordigitorum

longus

3.小腿后肌群趾长屈肌胫骨后肌拇长屈肌Fibularis

longus

flexorhallucis

longus

flexordigitorum

longus

3.小腿后肌群趾长屈肌腓骨长肌拇长屈肌四A、足背肌extensorhallucis

brevis

extensordigitorum

brevis

趾短伸肌拇短伸肌Medialgroup

内侧群Intermediategroup

中间群Lateralgroup