2022-2023学年吉林省长春市高二上学期期末英语试卷 （解析版）

2022-2023学年吉林省长春市高二（上）期末英语试卷

题号一―三四五八总分

得分

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用

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3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

MeetIncredibleConservationHeroesSavingWildlifefromExtinction

AnneSavage

Dr.Savagefoundedaconservationprogramtoprotectcotton-toptamarins（棉顶被猴）.Shepioneeredin

thedevelopmentofnewtechnologiestostudytheanimalintheColombianfbrest.Shealsohelpedconduct

astudythatfoundonly7,500individualsremained.Asaresult,theInternationalUnionforConservation

ofNaturechangedtheclassificationofcotton-toptamarinsfromEndangeredtoCriticallyEndangered,

whichbroughtthespeciestomorepeople'snotice.

ElenaBykova

Havingmajoredinbiology,Bykovahasagoodknowledgeofthesaigaantelope（赛力口羚羊）.As

ExecutiveSecretaryoftheSaigaConservationAlliance,aninternationalorganization,Bykovaworksto

savetheantelope.Illegalshootingisthesinglebiggestthreat,andBykovaconcentratesonraisingpublic

awarenessofthedanger,findingalternativelivelihoodopportunitiesforlocalcommunities,andprotecting

saigahabitats.

JeanneTarrant

FrogsareastonishinglydiverseandbeautifulforDr.Tarrant.Overtheyears,shehashelpedputthe

spotlightonmanyhighlythreatenedspeciesoffrogsthatfaceextinctionduetohabitatloss,climate

change,andhuntsbytheiranimalenemies.Nowondersheiscalledthe"FrogLady1'ofSouthAfrica!

MarilynConnell

LivingonlyintheMaryRiverofQueensland,theMaryRiverturtle（龟）takesinoxygenintwo

ways.BeinghuntedbyotherwildlifeistheMaryRiverturtle'sbiggestthreat.Connellandherteam

investigatethethreatstothespeciesandtakemeasurestoprotecttheeggsandnewbornsfrombeing

hunted,ensuringthespecieshasachancetosurvive.

1.Whatmadecotton-toptamarinsgetmoreattention?

A.Dr.Savage^conservationprogram.

B.Theadjustmenttotheirriskcategory.

C.Researchintocotton-toptamarins.

D.Thedevelopmentofnewtechnologies.

2.WhatdoesElenaBykovadotoprotectthesaigaantelope?

A.Shefoundsaninternationalorganization.

B.Shechoosesbiologyashermainsubjectofstudy.

C.Sheprovideswaysforlocalstomakealiving.

D.Shefightsagainstthebehaviorofillegalshooting.

3.WhataffectsthesurvivalofbothfrogsandtheMaryRiverturtles?

A.Changestolivinghabits.B.Threatsfromotherspecies.

C.Lossoftheirhabitat.D.Difficultyinraisingnewborns.

B

Bornin1902,HarryBeckwasanEnglishengineeringdraftsman（制图员）whobroughtaboutasmall

revolutionintheearly1930swhenhecreatedacompletelynewmapoftheLondonUnderground.

BeforeBeck'sdesign,earlymapswereusuallydrawntoageographicallyaccuratescale（比例）.Map

designerssimplyplacedthesubwaylinesonstandardmapsofthecitystreets.Thesemapsclearlyshowed

thesubwaylinesthatreachedtheareasoutsidethecentreofLondon,buttheymadeitdifficulttomakeout

thebusylinesthatjoineddirectlyundercentralLondon.

Inthe1930s,Beckcameupwithasolutionthatwouldnottakethegeographicalaccuracyintoaccount.He

createdamapthatwasascaled-downlineardiagramofthesubwaylines.Moreabasicoutlineofthelines

thanatrue-to-lifemap,itdidn'ttelltravelersabouthowfaritactuallywasbetweentwopoints.Beck'smap

hadacleanstructurewithcolouredlines.Hisideawastocreatetheplainestguidetoshowtravelershowto

getfromonestationtoanother.

It'snotclearwhatinspiredhimtostarttheproject；hewasn'taskedtodoit,butlikelydevelopedhisdesign

inhisfreetime,whilebetweenjobs.ltwasmoreapresentationofhisbeingcreative,inseeingaproblem

andcomingupwithananswertoit,thanaresponsetopublicdemand.

HisdesignwasthenpresentedtotheLondonPassengerTransportBoard,whosemembersrefusedto

acceptit,feelingthatnotshowingrelativedistancesbetweenstationswassillyandunreasonable.Still,

afteratime,inordertoincreasesubwayridershipandthereforeearnmoremoney,theBoarddecidedto

printalimitednumberofcopies.Gradually,Beck'smapbecameahugesuccess.

Formostofhislife,Beckcontinuedtomakesmallimprovementstothediagram,buthekeptitsbasic

designsandideas.Hiscleardiagrammaticmethodofmappinghasbeengenerallyacceptedandfollowedin

thefieldofinformationdesignnotonlyinLondonbutalsoaroundtheworld.

4.Whatisthedisadvantageofearlysubwaymaps?

A.Theywerenottoscale.B.Theywerehardtodraw.

C.Theywerenotuser-friendly.D.Theywereseldomupdated.

5.WhichaspectofasubwaymapdidBeckfocuson?

A.Itssimplicity.B.Itsvividdetails.

C.Itscompleteness.D.Itsgeographicalaccuracy.

6.WhatdoweknowaboutBeck'smapfromparagraphs4and5?

A.Itwascreatedaccidentally.

B.Itwasanimmediatesuccess.

C.Itwasareflectionofhiscreativity.

D.Itwasdesignedtomeetpublicneed.

7.HowdidBeckcontributetotheworld?

A.Hechangedtheconstructionofsubways.

B.Heinspireddesignerstoimprovethesubway.

C.Hemadethefirstscaled-downlinearmap.

D.Heprovidedamodelforthedesignofsubwaymaps.

c

PieterBruegel's1565realisticpaintingTheHarvestershangsattheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.nThe

workdescribesfarmerscuttingwheatnearlyastallastheyare,"GhentUniversitybiologistIveDeSmet

says."Nowadays,ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseewheatisaboutknee-high,which

isaconsequenceofselectivebreeding（培育）fromthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury."DeSmetsays

he'steamingupwitharthistorianDavidVergauwenofAmaranttolookatthingswheretheycanspot

differencesinshape,incolor,andinsize.Wheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanhelp

trackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.

Friendssincechildhood,theytookinterestinplantsinartworkandbeganwithavisittotheHermitage

MuseuminRussia一wheretheynoticedanodd-lookingwatermeloninanearly-17th-centurypaintingby

FlemishartistFransSnyders.

"Soifyouthinkofawatermelon,youcutitthrough,itshouldbedarkredontheinside.Butthatone

appearedtobepaleandwhite."DeSmetassumedthepainterhaddoneapoorjob.ButVergauwensaid,

"Thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepaintsitlikethat,that*sthewayitmusthave

been."Otherpaintingsshowedthatbothredandwhitewatermelonswereraisedduringthe17thcentury.

Theteamhopestosetupanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartwork.Theycreateasocialmedia

hashtag（主题标签）fbrit.Anyonecouldsendpicturesofrelevantartworkanddetailsofplantswhen

theyvisitamuseumorexhibitthroughthehashtag.But,theyadd,thesourcesneedtoberealistic.uIf

you'regoingtouse,forexample,Picassotounderstandhowapearlooked,youmightbemisled.'1

8.WhatcanwelearnfromDeSmet'swordsinparagraph1?

A.Humanshavemainlyfedonwheatsince1565.

B.Selectivebreedingaffectsagriculturalstructure.

C.Wheathasgonethroughgreatchangesinheight.

D.ThesceneinTheHarvestersmaybeunbelievable.

9.WhatisVergauwen'sattitudetothewatermelonpaintedbyFransSnyders?

A.Curious.B.Disapproving.C.Doubtful.D.Favorable.

10.Whyisthesocialmediahashtagcreated?

A.Tocollectmorepaintingsfortheirdatabase.

B.Toencouragepeopletofocusonart.

C.Toadvertisetheirresearchdatabase.

D.Tosharesomehistoricalplantartwork.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Ancientpaintingsfocusedonfoodcrops.

B.Historicalartworkrevealsagriculturalinformation.

C.Twomencreateadatabaseofplantartwork.

D.Plantstodayaredifferentfromtheirancestors.

D

Wehumansoftennavigate（导航）usingroadsignsandGPS.Butwhataboutelephants?ConnieAllen,

abehaviouralecologistattheUniversityofExeterintheU.K.,said“theelephantsnavigateoverlong

distancesusingtheirunbelievablememories",whichmakesothersconsiderthatanelephantwillnever

forget.Butit'salsobeensuggestedhereandtherethatmaybeisextremelyimportantforthese

long-distancemovements.

AllenandhercolleaguescheckedthatideabytestingAfricanelephants*abilitytoidentifyaveryspecial

smell：thesmellofpee（尿）.Yousee,anelephantpeesalot一some12to15gallonsaday一andthat

peecancontainaseriesofchemicalsignals.

Butfirst,theyneededsomepee.SotheyheadedforaspotalongBotswana'sBotetiRiverandwaited.They

waitedforelephantstopeeand,within20minutes,wentandcollectedthesefreshpeesamples.Thenthey

setupcamerasonsevenpathswhichtheelephantsusuallywalkedalong.Afterobservingtheelephants*

naturalbehaviouronthepaths,theynoticedthatthemajorityoftheelephantscheckedsmellsalongthe

paths-especiallyelephantstravellingalone,whichisanindication,theresearcherssaid,thatsmellsmay

serveassignpostsalongthepaths.

Next,theyplacedthosepeesamplesalongthepaths.Andtheyfoundthatforatleasttwodays,passing

elephantstrainedtheirtrunksonthesamples,especiallysamplesfrommatureadults,whichisanother

indicationthatsmellsmightbeaneffectivenavigationalsignaLTheirfindingsappearedinthejournal

AnimalBehaviour.

Basedontheseresults,theyhopeconservationistsmightbeabletouseelephantpeeasadecoy（诱饵）.If

wecantrickelephantsintothinkingotherelephantsaregoingthisway,maybewecanredirectthemaway

fromwheretheyarecomingintoconflictwithhumansatthemoment.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"olfaction"inparagraph1mean?

A.Theroadsidesignpost.B.Thesenseofsmell.

C.Thelong-termmemory.D.Thesenseofdirection.

13.Howdidresearchersgettheirconclusions?

A.Bydoingfieldresearch.B.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bydoinglaboratoryexperiments.

14.Whatmightbeapotentialbenefitofthefindingsaccordingtothetext?

A.Helpingelephantstofindothercompanions.

B.Inspiringnewresearchdirectionsinelephants.

C.Raisingpublicawarenessofelephantprotection.

D.Makingelephantsandhumanscoexistpeacefully.

15.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AfricanElephantsShowPersonality-basedMovements

B.ElephantsAreBornWithExcellentAbilitytoNavigate

C.AfricanElephantsMayUsePeeasaRoadSign

D.ElephantsHaveaGoodMemoryforRoads

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

Nowadays,learningaforeignlanguageisbecomingmoreandmorecommon.(1)Asyoumayhave

heard,languagelearningisamarathon,notasprint(短跑).Butattheenditwillbewellworthit,Hereare

somebenefitsoflearningaforeignlanguage.

Itopensyouuptomanynewpeople.Knowinganotherlanguageenablesyoutocommunicatewithmoreof

theworld'speopleandbefriendthem.(2)You'llmeetlotsofgreatpeopleyouotherwiselikelywouldn't

havethechancetomeetifitweren'tforlanguagelearning.

(3)Bylearningthelanguageofaparticularforeigncountry,youareopeningyourselftoall

kindsofnewculturalinsightsthatyouhaven'tknownaboutbefore.Thererssomuchmorethanwhatyou*ve

gotexposedtowhenyoustarttoadoptthelanguage.Music,food,theatre,literature,andhistoryarejustafew

thingsamongmanyothersthatyou'llbeabletolearnmoreaboutasyoulearnmoreaboutthelanguage.

Itopensthedoorfornewopportunities.Youmayhaveanewprogram,anewjob,oranyotheropportunity

thatinvolvesmovingtoaforeigncountry.(4)Ifyou'reastudentlookingtostudyabroad,you'llfindthat

you'llbemuchbetteroffknowingthelanguageofthatcountry.

Itenablesyoutobetterenjoyyourtravelabroad.Theobviousbenefitoflearninganewlanguageisthat

yourplansoftripswillgetaseriousboostwhenyoutravel!Bylearningthelanguageofacountry,youwill

feelconfidentandfreetotravelaroundthecountry.⑸

A.Itexposesyoutodifferentcultures.

B.Ofcourse,itcomeswithchallengesanddifficulties.

C.Itinspiresyoutorespectculturesindifferentcountries.

D.Yourtravelexperienceswillbecomemuchmoreauthentic.

E.Meetinggreatpeoplehelpsyoubetterlearnaforeignlanguage.

F.There'snodoubtthatknowinganotherlanguagebringsinmorepossibilities.

G.Thepracticeoflearningwillofferyouthechancetomeetlike-mindedpeople.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)

Musicproducesprofoundandlastingchangesinthebrain.Schoolsshouldaddclasses,notcutthem.Nearly

20yearsagoasmallstudyadvancedthe⑵)thatlisteningtoMozart'sSonatacouldboostmental

functioning.ltwasnotlong(22)trademarked"Mozarteffect"productsappealedtoanxiousparentsaiming

toputtoddlers(刚学步的孩子)onthefasttracktothefamousuniversitieslikeHarvardand

Yale.Georgia'sgovernoreven(23)givingeverynewbornthereaclassicalCDorcassette.

The(24)fbrMozarttherapyturnedouttobeweak,perhapsnonexistent,althoughthe(25)studynever

claimedanythingmorethanatemporaryandlimitedeffect.Inrecentyears,(26),scientistshaveexamined

thebenefitsofacontinuousefforttostudyandpracticemusic,asopposedtoplayingaMozartCDora

computer-based"brainfitness"game(27)inawhile.

Advancedmonitoring(28)haveenabledscientiststoseewhathappensinsideyourheadwhenyoulistento

yourmotherandactuallypracticetheviolinforanhoureveryafternoon.Andtheyhavefoundthatmusic

(29)canproduceprofoundandlastingchangesthat(30)thegeneralabilitytoIearn.Theseresultsshould

(31)publicofficialsthatmusicclassesarenotameredecoration,readyforbeinggivenupinthebudget

crisesthatconstantlytroublespublicschools.

Studieshaveshown(32)instrumenttrainingfromanearlyagecanhelpthebrainto(33)soundsbetter,

makingit(34)tostayfocusedwhenabsorbingothersubjects,fromliteraturetomathematics.Themusically

experiencedarebetterableto(35)abiologylessondespitethenoiseintheclassroomor,afewyearslater,

tofinishacallwithaclientwhenacolleagueinthenextofficestartsscreamingatasubordinate(下

属).Theycanbeengagedinseveralthingsatonce,whichisanessentialskillinthiseraofmultitasking.

21.A.noticeB.noteC.ideaD.impression

22.A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before

23.A.proposedB.pushedC.submittedD.subjected

24.A.witnessB.evidenceC.symptomD.context

25.A.recentB.advancedC.originalD.latest

26.A.howeverB.moreoverC.thenD.therefore

27.A.quiteB.onceC.oftenD.much

28.A.managementB.techniquesC.informationD.skills

29.A.subjectsB.modelsC.causesD.lessons

30.A.enhanceB.introduceC.ensureD.instruct

31.A.conveyB.convinceC.communicationD.conclude

32.A.urgentB.casualC.diligentD.occasional

33.A.proceedB.processC.preferD.predict

34.A.easierB.harderC.tougherD.faster

35.A.countonB.concentrateonC.insistonD.dependon

第II卷(非选择题)

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.Sorapidlydoesthetechnologydevelopthatnoonecanpredictwhatmayhappentomorrow.The

numberof5GusersinChinahasreached20percent,whichleavesthepeopleintheworld(1)

(amaze).InChina,operatorsarequick(2)(provide)continuousnationwidecoverage,ensuring

usersaconsistentexperience.Theyalsoofferflexibleservicepackages,(3)deliversabeneficial

resultforbothusersandthemselves.

High-quality5Gnetworks(4)(drive)rapidgrowthofmobiledatatrafficsofar,accordingtoDing,

YunHuawei'sexecutivedirectorandpresidentofitscarrierbusinessgroup.Asisestimated,the

averagedatatrafficper(5)(use)permonthwillreach600GBby2O3O.Theenergyconsumption

ofwirelessnetworkswill(6)(certain)increasealot,ifenergyefficiencyofexistingnetworks

remainsunchanged.

However,(7)hasbeenconfirmedisthatHuaweihasofferedacomprehensiverangeproductsand

measuresthataddressthepowerconsumptionissuesofwirelessnetworks.

Huaweihasalreadyemployedlow-carbonstrategiesinmorethan100countries,includingSaudi

Arabia,Greece,PakistanandSwitzerland,(8)(help)operatorsreducecarondioxideemissions

by40milliontons.As_(9)_importantplayerinthecommunicationsindustry,Huaweiwillcontinueto

putgreendevelopmentatthecenterofeverythingitdoesanddevelopinnovativewaystobuild(10)

(green)5Gnetworksworldwidethanbefore.

(I)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

五、单词拼写.单句(本大题共10小题，共10.0分)

37.Freshairisf(基础的；根本的)togoodhealth.

38.Anumberof(嫌疑犯)havenflownthecountry.

39.Attheageof20,hisopportunityhada(出现；发生)

40.IadmiredHelenbecausesheiso(乐观的)aboutlife.

41.Untilnextpayday,Iwas1（真正地；真地）withoutanymoney.

42.Somepeoplesaythatclassicalmusicisa（与...有关）onlywitholdpeople.

43.Sheisdeterminedtoliveafulfillinglife（不管；不顾）ofwhatthefutureholds.

44.C（相反的）topopularbelief,womencausefewerroadaccidentsthanmen.（根

据中英文提示填空）

45.Chinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectand（防卫；保卫）themselves

againstknife

attacks.

46.Researchshowsthatyoungpeoplearemorelikelytobetrickedintop（参与；参力口）

inillegal

activities.

六、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共30.0分）

47.假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，你校正在开展“健康饮食”的活动，请你代表学校用

英语写一封倡议书。内容包括；

1.健康饮食的重要性；

2.如何健康饮食；

3,发出倡议。

注意：

1.词数80左右;

2,可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

48.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Jennywastheonlychildinherhome.Shehadaquarrel（争吵）withhermotherthatafternoonand

sheranoutofthehouseangrily.

Shecouldn'thelpcryingsadlywhenshethoughtofthescolding（指责）fromhermother.Having

wanderedaimlesslyinthestreetforhours,shefeltalittlehungryandwishedforsomethingtoeat,

butitwasnotpossibleforher,sinceshehadnothingwithher.Shestoodbesideastandforawhile,

watchingthemiddle-agedsellerbusydoinghisbusiness.However,withnomoneyinhand,shehad

toleave.

Thesellerbehindthestandnoticedtheyounggirlandasked,nHey,girl,youwanttohavethenoodles?

“Oh,yes***,butIdon'thavemoneyonme...”shereplied.

"That'snothing.Filtreatyoutoday,usaidtheman,"comein."Thesellerbroughtherabowlof

noodles,whosesmellwassoattractive.Asshewaseating,Jennycriedsilently.

"Whatisit?naskedthemankindly.

"Nothing,actuallyIwasjusttouchedbyyourkindness!"saidJennyasshedriedhertears,“Evena

strangeronthestreetwillgivemeabowlofnoodles,whilemymother,drovemeoutofthe

house.Sheshowednocareforme.Sheissocruelcomparedtoastranger!!1'

Hearingthewords,thesellersmiled,nGirl,doyoureallythinkso?Ionlygaveyouabowlofnoodles

andyouthankedmealot.Butitisyourmotherwhohasraisedyousinceyouwereababy.Canyou

numberthetimesshecookedforyou?Haveyouexpressedyourthankstoher?"

Jennysatthere,speechless；sherememberedmother'sfamiliarfaceandweatheredhands."Whydid

Inotthinkofthat?Abowlofnoodlesfromastrangermademefeelthankful,butIhavenever

thankedmymumforwhatshehasdoneforme."

Onthewayhome,Jennymadeuphermindtomakeanapologytohermotherforherrudenessas

soonasshearrivedhome.

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150词左右；

2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph1：

Approachingthedoorway,Jennytookadeepbreath.

Paragraph2：

Agentletouchonherhaircalledhermindback.

(1)

⑵

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、C、B

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据对AnneSavage的介绍中的Asaresult,theInternationalUnionfor

ConservationofNaturechangedtheclassificationofcotton-toptamarinsfromEndangeredtoCritically

Endangered,whichbroughtthespeciestomorepeople'snotice.（因止匕，国际自然保护联盟将棉顶成

猴的分类从濒危物种转变为极度濒危物种，这使该物种引起了更多的人的注意。）可知，濒危等

级的改变引起了更多人对它们的关注。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据对ElenaBykova的介绍中的Illegalshootingisthesinglebiggestthreat,and

Bykovaconcentratesonraisingpublicawarenessofthedanger,findingalternativelivelihood

opportunitiesforlocalcommunities,andprotectingsaigahabitats.（非法狩猎是最大的威胁，贝科娃

专注于提高公众对危险的认识，为当地社区寻找替代性生计机会，并保护赛加羚羊的栖息地。）

可知，Bykova为当地居民寻找其他谋生机会，以防止他们非法狩猎赛加羚羊。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据对JeanneTarrant的介绍中的Frogsareastonishinglydiverseandbeautifulfor

Dr.Tarrant.Overtheyears,shehashelpedputthespotlightonmanyhighlythreatenedspeciesoffrogsthat

faceextinctionduetohabitatloss,climatechange,andhuntsbytheiranimalenemies.（在塔伦特博

士看来，青蛙的多样性和美丽程度令人惊讶。多年来，她帮助人们关注了许多高度濒危的青蛙物

种，由于栖息地丧失、气候变化和它们的动物敌人的捕猎，这些青蛙面临灭绝。）可知，动物天

敌的猎食对一些濒危蛙类造成了巨大威胁；根据对MarilynConnell的介绍中的Beinghuntedby

otherwildlifeistheMaryRiverturtle'sbiggestthreat.（被其他野生动物猎杀是玛丽河龟最大的威胁。）

可知蛙类和玛丽河龟受到其它物种的影响。故选B。

本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位野生动物保护主义者为保护一些高度濒危的物种所做的

努力。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断：或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】B、A、A、D

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段句子

ThesemapsclearlyshowedthesubwaylinesthatreachedtheareasoutsidethecentreofLondon,

buttheymadeitdifficulttomakeoutthebusylinesthatjoineddirectlyundercentralLondon.（这些±也图

清楚地显示了到达伦敦市中心以外地区的地铁线路，但它们使人们很难分辨出伦敦市中心直接连

接的繁忙线路。）早期地铁地图的缺点是有些东西它们很难画出来。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。据第三段

Hisideawastocreatetheplainestguidetoshowtravelershowtogetfromonestationtoanother.（他的

想法是创建最简单的指南，向旅行者展示如何从一个车站到达另一个车站。）可知，贝克关注的

是地铁地图的简单性。A.Itssimplicity它的简单性。B.Itsvividdetails它生动的细节；

C.Itscompleteness它的完整性；D.Itsgeographicalaccuracy其地理精度。故选A°

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段It，snotclearwhatinspiredhimtostarttheproject；

hewasn'taskedtodoit,butlikelydevelopedhisdesigninhisfreetime,whilebetweenjobs.It（尚不

清楚是什么激发了他开始这个项目他没有被要求这样做，但很可能在工作间隙的空闲时间开发了

他的设计。）贝克的地图是意外创建的。A.Itwascreatedaccidentally它是意外创建的；

B.Itwasanimmediatesuccess这是立即成功的；C.Itwasareflectionofhiscreativity这反映了他

的创造力；D.Itwasdesignedtomeetpublicneed.它是为了满足公众需求而设计的。故选A。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段

Hiscleardiagrammaticmethodofmappinghasbeengenerallyacceptedandfollowedinthefieldofinfo

rmationdesignnotonlyinLondonbutalsoaroundtheworld.（他清晰的图解制图方法不仅在伦敦，

而且在世界各地的信息设计领域都被广泛接受和遵循。）可知，他为地铁地图的设计提供了一个

模型。故选Do

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国工程绘图员HarryBeck,创造了一幅全新的伦敦地铁地图。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】C、D、A、B

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中伊夫•德•斯梅特所说"Theworkdescribesfarmerscutting

wheatnearlyastallastheyare,"（这幅作品描述的是农民割几乎和他们一样高的麦子）和"Nowadays,

ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseewheatisaboutknee-high,whichisaconsequenceof

selectivebreedingfromthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury."（如今，如果你走过一块麦田，你基本上

会看到小麦大约有膝盖那么高，这是20世纪下半叶选择性育种的结果）可知，小麦的高度由一人

高变成齐膝高，在高度上经历了很大的变化。故选C。

（2）观点态度题。根据第三段ButVergauwensaid,"Thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthat

era.Soifhepaintsitlikethat,that'sthewayitmusthavebeen."（但维尔高文说，"这是那个时代有

史以来最好的画家之一。所以如果他把它画成那样，那就一定是那样的。"）可知，Vergauwen认

为FransSnyders画的西瓜是真实的，表示支持。A.Curious.好奇的；B.Disapproving.不赞成的；

C.Doubtful.不确定的；D.Favorable.赞同的，支持的。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Theteamhopestosetupanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplant

artwork.Theycreateasocialmediahashtag（主题标签）forit.Anyonecouldsendpicturesofrelevant

artworkanddetailsofplantswhentheyvisitamuseumorexhibitthroughthehashtag（该团队希望建立

一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库，他们为此创建了一个社交媒体。任何人在参观博物馆或

展览时都可以通过这个标签发送相关艺术作品的图片和植物的细节）可知，社交媒体标签被创建

是为他们的数据库收集更多的与植物有关的绘画作品。故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。阅读全文,并根据第一段PieterBruegel's1565realisticpaintingTheHarvesters

hangsattheMetropolitanMuseumofArt...DeSmetsayshe'steamingupwitharthistorianDavid

VergauwenofAmaranttolookatthingswheretheycanspotdifferencesinshape,incolor,andin

size.Wheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanhelptrackthetransformationoffoodcrops

overtime.（皮特•布鲁盖尔1565年的写实画作《收割者》挂在大都会艺术博物馆……德斯梅特表

示，他正在与阿玛兰特的艺术史学家大卫•维高文合作，研究那些可以发现形状、颜色和大小差异

的东西。小麦只是历史艺术品如何帮助跟踪粮食作物随时间变化的一个例子）以及第二段中they

notice