名词化；名词化功能；新闻语篇

PAGE20摘要名词化是英语新闻语篇中常见的现象。名词化指小句的任何一个成分转换为具有名词和名词词组句法功能的语言单位的过程。名词化由于其结构特点，适用于客观、庄重和简约的文体，如：官方文件、英语新闻、社论、法律文件及商务文件等。因此，有必要对名词化在英语新闻语篇中的功能进行详细分析,包括语言精练功能、语篇衔接功能、隐喻修辞功能、信息客观功能。同时，作为产生语法隐喻的一种重要手段，名词化结构高度灵活，生成能力较强。因此，掌握英语新闻语篇中的名词化功能,有助于学者更深入地理解新闻语篇,更深刻地了解英汉两种语言在新闻语篇中的运用。关键词：名词化；名词化功能；新闻语篇AbstractNominalizationisacommonphenomenoninEnglishnewsdiscourses.Nominalizationreferstotheconversionofanycomponentofaclauseintoalinguisticunitwiththesyntacticfunctionofnounsandnounphrases.Nominalizationissuitableforobjective,solemnandsimplestylesbecauseofitsstructuralcharacteristics,suchasofficialdocuments,Englishnews,editorial,legaldocumentsandbusinessdocuments,andsoon.Therefore,itisnecessarytomakeatentativeanalysisofthefunctionsofnominalizationinEnglishnewsdiscourses,includinglanguagerefiningfunction,textcohesivefunction,metaphoricalrhetoricfunction,andinformationobjectivefunction.Atthesametime,asanimportantmeansofproducinggrammaticalmetaphor,nominalizationstructureishighlyflexibleandhasstronggeneratingability.Finally,learnsshouldgraspthenominalizationfunctioninEnglishnewsdiscourses,whichishelpfulforthemtounderstandnewsdiscoursesmoredeeplyandtounderstandtheuseofEnglishandChineseinnewsdiscoursesmoredeeply.Keywords：nominalization；functionsofnominalization；newsdiscoursesContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\u摘要 IAbstract IIIntroduction 1ChapterOneTheOverviewofNominalization 21.1TheDefinitionofNominalization 21.2TheFunctionsofNominalization 21.2.1HighlightingtheTheme 21.2.2IndicatingtheOrientation 31.3TheStructureTypeofNominalization 41.3.1TheNominalizationofClauses 41.3.2TheNominalizationofProcessesandFeatures 51.3.3TheNominalizationofRelationalComponents 5ChapterTwoTheOverviewofEnglishNewsDiscourses 72.1TheDefinitionofNewsDiscourses 72.2TheCharacteristicsofEnglishNewsDiscourses 72.2.1UsingtheStructureofInvertedPyramid 72.2.2UsingConciseWords 82.3ThePhenomenonofNominalizationinEnglishNewsDiscourses 9ChapterThreeTheFunctionsofNominalizationinEnglishNewsDiscourses 113.1TheFunctionoftheLanguageRefinement 113.1.1TheUseofIndustry-specificorTechnicalTerms 123.1.2TheUseoftheJargons 133.2TheFunctionofDiscourseCohesion 143.3TheFunctionofMetaphoricalRhetoric 153.4TheFunctionofObjectiveInformation 16Conclusion 18Bibliography 19Acknowledgments 20IntroductionHalliday,thefounderofthesystemicfunctionalgrammar,suggeststhatgrammaticalmetaphorisacommongrammaticalform,uniformity,anditisadifferentkindofgrammaticalmetaphorform,namelymetaphortype.Nominalizationisthemetaphorizationoftheprocess(theconsistentformofthelexicalandgrammaticallevelofaverb)andthecharacteristic(whichistheadjective)tobemetaphorized,sothattheyarenolongertheprocessormodifierinthesmallsentence,butareembodiedintheformofanoun.Inthepracticalapplicationoflanguage,weoftenfindchangesintheoriginalrelationship.Peoplecanconvertverbsandadjectivesintonounsandconvertsentencesintophrases.Thischangeiscalledagrammaticalmetaphor.However,thenominalizationphenomenonnotonlyservesasanimportantwayofsemanticgeneration,butalsorepresentsthedevelopmentofhumancognitiontowardsthedirectionofthings.Therefore,thestudyofdiscoursesneedstobefurtherexplored.Englishnewsdiscourseisarelativelybroadmediaapproach,anditsdiscoursesfeaturesaredifferentfromotherdiscourses.Englishnewsdiscourseshavesimpleandobjectivestylisticfeatures,andnominalizationisthemainfeatureoftheEnglishformalstyle,playinganimportantroleinnewsdiscourses.ThedistributionofnominalizationinEnglishnewsdiscourseshasitsowncharacteristics,whichreflectsthecharacteristicsofnewsEnglishwhichisdifferentfromotherfunctionalstyles.Basedonthegrammaticalmetaphortheoryofsystemicfunctionallinguistics,thispapermainlydiscussesthephenomenonandfunctionofnominalizationmetaphorinnewsdiscourse,revealsandunderstandsthefunctionalcharacteristicsofnominalizationmetaphorinnewsdiscourses,understandsanddeepenstheunderstandingofnewsstylisticfeatures,andaccuratelyabstractsnewsinformation.Ifweobserveandanalyzethenewsdiscourses,itisnotdifficulttofindoneofverysignificantfeatures.Thenounphraseisquitecomplicatedandfrequentlyused.ChapterOneTheOverviewofNominalizationNominalizationisalinguisticphenomenonthatisubiquitousinmostlanguagesoftheworldandhaslongattractedtheattentionoflinguists.Nominalizationisthemainsourceofgrammaticalmetaphor.Theprocessofnominalizationmainlyfocusesontheverbsthatexpressthe“process”orthesentencesthatdescribeanevent,andthencondensethemintoverbnouns.1.1TheDefinitionofNominalizationHalliday’ssystemicfunctionalgrammararguesthat“nominalizationisagrammaticalmetaphoricaltoolthatusesnounstoembodythe‘process’or‘feature’thatwouldhavebeenembodiedbyaverboranadjective”.Forexample,averbisconvertedintoanoun:move-movement,refuse-refusal;forexample,adjectivesareconvertedintonouns:careless-carelessness,difficult-difficulty.Inaddition,HallidayandMatthiessealsostatedinthebookthat“nominalizationisaprocessinwhichanon-nominalcomponentisusedasanominalcomponent”.Itcanbeseenfromtheaboveconceptsthatnominalizedmetaphorsexistnotonlyintheconversionofverbphrasesoradjectivephrasesintonounphrases,butalsointhetransformationofclausesandnounphrases.1.2TheFunctionsofNominalizationNominalizationaccountsforalargeproportioninnewsdiscoursesandisalsoanimportantfeatureofEnglishnewsdiscourses.WangJinjuncollectedfivedifferenttypesofdiscoursesandseparatelycountedthetotalnumberofclausesinthediscoursesandthetotalnumberofnominalizedmetaphors.Anditprovesthattheformalizationofnewsdiscoursesisrelativelyhigh,secondonlytoscienceandtechnologyandlegaldiscourses,andtheproportionofnominalizationisrelativelylarge.Therefore,nominalizationplaysanimportantroleinnewsdiscourses.1.2.1HighlightingtheThemeNominalizationisconducivetohighlightingthetopicofdiscourse,anditisnecessaryforreaderstounderstandthesubjectofnewsintheshortestpossibletime.Nomitionalizationpreciselymeetsthisrequirement.Forexample:ThelaunchofnegotiationsonanewframeworkagreementshapingdiplomatictiesbetweenChinaandtheEuropeanUnionforthenext20yearsattheeighthChina-EUSummitthisSeptemberdemonstratesthatbothsidesareawareoftheimportanceofstrengtheningtheircomprehensivepartnership.Inthisexample,“thelaunchofnegotiation,agreementimportance”isanominalexpression.Theinformationismixedandaddstotheburdenonthereader.Itcanbeseenthatthenominalizationcanavoidnarrationandcumbersomeness,highlightthemaininformation,weakenthesecondaryinformation,andpreventitfrominterferingwiththetransmissionofthemaininformation,sothatthereadercanunderstandthesubjectmatterofthenewsintheshortesttime.1.2.2IndicatingtheOrientationNominalizationisconducivetotherealizationofnewsdiscourses.Whenreportingnews,itnotonlyconveysnewsinformationtoreaders,butalsoconveysmediaorofficialpositionsandopinions.Inordertomakeiteasierforreaderstoaccepttheseideas,reportersoftenchoosetousenominalization.Intheprocess,someinformationsuchasparticipants,mood,modality,etc.areomitted.Thelossofthesecomponentscanbetterreflecttheauthenticityandreliabilityofthediscourses,ignoringtheinfluenceofsubjectivefactorsinthereport,andmakingthereadersnaturallythinkthatthisisanobjectivefact,thuseffectivelytransmittingthemediaorofficialpositionsandviewstothereader.Forexample1:TheyrealizethisisafrontinthewaronterrorandtheyfearthespreadoffreedomanddemocracyinplaceslikethegreaterMiddleEast.Forexample2:ButthecaptureofSaddamwasundoubtedlyanenormousbreakthroughintheliberationofIraq.Intheaboveexamples,thenominalizationomitstheparticipantsoftheaction.Thisimpersonalizationmakesthereportappearobjectiveandfair.However,thesetwopiecesofnewsactuallyreflectthepositiveattitudeandsupportfortheUnitedStates.Byusingthenominalexpressionsof“liberation,freedomdemocracy”,theyemphasizethattheUnitedStatesisaliberatorandcanbringfreedomanddemocracytoIraq.Nominalizationnotonlyhighlightsthethemeofnews,butalsoenhancestheconnectionofnewsdiscoursesandtheorientationofnews.Understandingthenominalizationmetaphorinnewsdiscoursesnotonlyhelpsustobetterunderstandnewsdiscourses,butalsohasgreatenlightenmentandhelpforEnglishreadingteaching.1.3TheStructureTypeofNominalizationNominalizationiscommoninmanylanguages,inrecentyears,researchonnominalstructureshasemergedinanendlessstream.Theexplorationofitsconceptualnature,theanalysisofcognitivefunctions,andthecomparisonofstructuraltypeshavealwaysbeenhottopicsintheoreticalresearch.Regardingthenominalizedstructuretypes,wediscussthefollowingpoints.1.3.1TheNominalizationofClausesNominalizationcanoccuratthelevelofaclause.Startingfromthenomenclatureofcommemoration,alanguageunit,aslongasitactsasanouncomponentinasentence,isanominalstructure.Hallidayarguesthatmetaphoricaltransferinvolvestwogrammaticalshifts,oneisrankshiftandtheotherisstructuralshift.Leveltransitionsconsistoftwotypesofdowngrades,oneofwhichisasemanticcolumnthatisusuallyexpressedbyacompoundsentenceinaconsistentexpression,andiscompletedbyasimpleclauseinametaphoricalexpression.Thisdowngradeinvolvesthedowngradeoftheclause.Forexample,whenaclauseisprojectedbyadiscoursebehaviororapsychologicalbehavior,itisasubordinatestructureinacompoundsentence,anditsgrammaticalstatusisaclausesuchas“theyhopedthattheirteacherwouldwin”.However,whensuchaclausehasaprojectedformandnoprojectionprocessinthesentence,itisreducedfromthesubordinateclausetotheembeddedclause,downtotheleveloftheword,andmaybecomeanominalclause,suchas“Itworriesmethattheirteamwouldwin”.(Ofcourse,itmaybecomeapostmodifierofthenounstructurecenterlanguage,suchasthefactthattheirteamhadwon.Atthistime,thestructureofthenominalclauseisnolongeracompoundsentence,butasimpleclauseinwhichanominalclausecanserveasa“carrier”,“identifier”,“value”,andsoon.Forexample:ThatCarsarwasdeadwasobvioustoall.Infact,sentencescontainingnominalizedthat-clausesarenotlimitedtotherelationshipprocess,butalsoincludepsychologicalprocesses,mainlyinthetypeof“emotion”andoccasionallyinthepsychologicalprocessof“cognition”.Nominalclausesactasphenomenaintheprocessofthemind.Forexample:ThatCaesarwasdeadwasobvioustoall.(emotionaltype)Heacceptedthathewasdefeated.(cognitivetype)1.3.2TheNominalizationofProcessesandFeaturesThemetaphorizationprocessinvolvestwotypesofdowngrades,includingthe“figure”ofthenounsimplementedbyclausesinaconsistentexpression.Thisdowngradeinvolvesthetransferoffunctionsandwordclasses.Theprocessinthesemanticbody(implementedbyverbs)isturnedintoathing,andtheparticipantsaretransformedintomodifiersofnouns.Forexample:Wewon’tformallyextendthetime.Theverb“extend”whichimplementsthematerialprocessisnominalizedasan“extension”,andtheparticipant“thetime”becomesapost-modificationcomponent.Similarly,therealizationofthepsychologicalprocess,thebehavioralprocess,thespeechprocess,andtheexistenceprocessoftheverbcanbenominalized.Theseprocessesbecomethecentralwordofthenounstructureafternounization.Forexample:Jane

saw

the

stars.

(psychological

process)Tom

laughed.

(behavior

process)They

stated

their

attitudes

towardsthe

incident.(speech

process)There

exists

a

sharp

difference

between

the

two

sides.(existingprocess)Thenominalizationoftherelationshipprocessisdifferentfromotherprocesstypes.Inthesubclassoftherelationalprocess,theverb“possess”indicating“ownedclassownership”canbenominalizedaspossession,whiletherelationshipprocessofothersubclassesisusuallyrepresentedbytheverb“be”andsimilarverbs.Atthistime,thenominalcomponentisoftennottheverbitself,butanadjectivethatrepresentstheattributeorcharacteristic.Forexample:Weweredisappointedthathewashostile.Hishostilitydisappointedus.1.3.3TheNominalizationofRelationalComponentsTherelationalcomponentinterpretsthehighestgeneralizedlogic-thesemanticallyextendedrelationship,includingrefinement,extension,andgain.Sincethesecomponentspervademanyareasofthesemanticsystem,theyhavetwocharacteristics,namely,“crossingphenomena”and“fractal”,itisthesepropertiesthatmaketherelationshipcomponenttheeasiesttomovefromaconsistentmetaphortoaprocess,afeature,andanentity.Inotherwords,conjunctionsorlinkwordscanbematerializedintoprepositions,verbs,adjectives,andnouns.Forexample1:Becausetheelectronsinthetwoatomsareabsolutelyindistinguishable,theyattracteachother‘extra’strongly.Forexample2:Theabsoluteindistinguishabilityoftheelectronsinthetwoatomsgivesrisetoan‘extra’attractiveforcebetweenthem.Intheprocessofthetransformationoftherelationalcomponentintothemetaphoricalexpression,theconjunctionismaterializedintotheverbphrase“givesriseto”.Thenounizationofconjunctionstendstobeintegratedwiththenounizationofthemainprocess,anditscentralwordisthenounizationstructureofconjunctions.Forexample1:Iwilltakeitifyouagreetopay.Forexample2:Theconditionofmytakingitisyouragreementtopay.Intheabove,theconjunction“if”expressestheconditionalrelationship,thenounizationiscondition,andthesubjectprocessnominalizationstructure“mytakingit”isintegratedintothecentralword.ChapterTwoTheOverviewofEnglishNewsDiscoursesNewsisthemediumofinformationdissemination.Theobjectofnewsreportsisthelatestobjectivefactsinreality.Inordertoenablereaderstoquicklyandaccuratelyunderstandthelatestinformation,Englishnewsauthorsuseavarietyofrhetorictohelparticulateobjectivefactsandconveytheauthor’sintentions.2.1TheDefinitionofNewsDiscoursesAnewsdiscoursereferstothetextusedbynewsmedia(suchasradio,television,newspapersandperiodicals)todisseminateorreportthelatestnewsworthyinformationtotheaudience.Theoriginofnewsistousefactstospeak.Itistheinformationformedbyreportinganddisseminatingobjectivefacts.Thecontentofnewsinformationmustbethefacts.2.2TheCharacteristicsofEnglishNewsDiscoursesInordertoenablereaderstoquicklyandaccuratelyunderstandthelatestinformation,newsauthorsuseavarietyofrhetorictohelparticulateobjectivefactsandconveytheauthor’sintentions.ThefollowingthecharacteristicsofEnglishnewsdiscoursefromtwoaspects.2.2.1UsingtheStructureofInvertedPyramidThewritingofthe“invertedpyramid”structureofEnglishnewsisnotbasedontheactualsituationoftheoccurrenceanddevelopmentoftheevent,andoftenusesthe“flashback”writingmethod,whichiscalledthe“invertedpyramid”structureinEnglish.Thestructureofthe“invertedpyramid”istoputthemostimportantandexcitingfactsattheforefront,thatis,accordingtotheimportanceofthecontent,theimportanceofinformationdecreasesintheorderinwhichtheyarelisted.ThefirstsentenceofEnglishnewsiscalled“thenewslead”,whichusuallyincludestime,place,event,person,(countryororganization,etc.).Themiddlepartgenerallycontainssub-importantcontentsuchasthecauseoftheincident,howitoccurred,andsoon.Theclosingsectionofthenewscontainsbackgroundmaterialforthenews,suchasabackgroundintroductiontoapersonororganization.Forexample:InterfaxNewsAgencyreportsMoldovanauthoritieswilldeportabout100RussianswhoidentifiedthemselvesaspollobserversarrivingtomonitorSunday’selectioninMoldova.TheagencyquotesoneMoldovanofficialassayingtherearereportssomeRussiansareseekingtodestabilizeMoldovaaheadofthevote.VotersinMoldovagotopollsSundaytochooseanewparliament.Fromthe“invertedpyramid”Englishnewsstructure,peoplecanclearlyseethatthefirstsentenceofthenewscontainsanswerstothequestionsofwhat,who,when,where(event,person,place,time),thatis,importantinformationofthenews.Next,inordertoenablethelistenerstounderstandthewholeprocessindepth,thesourceoftheinformation,thereasonfortheaction,andthebackgroundgeneratedaredescribed.TheEnglishnewsstructuretakesonthis“invertedpyramid”whichfirstexplainsthereasons,pavestheway,andthenstatestheresults.2.2.2UsingConciseWordsThepurposeofthenewsistospreadasmuchinformationaspossibleinasfewlanguagesaspossible,sothenewslanguageisusuallyconcise.Nominalapplicationsoftenembodyshort,refinedfeaturesandenhancethecredibilityofthenews.Itisembodiedintheextensiveuseofcompoundwordsinnewsdiscourses,suchas,arebellingwhichis21yearsoldinthenewsisgenerallya21-year-old-rebelling;thesecretaryoftheUnitedStatesDefenseDepartmentnewsisUSDefensesecretary.Inaddition,alargenumberofnounpremodifiersareusedtorepresentrepresentingactionsandstates,suchasinthecapitalCairo,anangrycrowdpreventedtheoppositionfigureMohamedEichmannfromcastinghisvote“opposition”inthesentencemeansthestateofopposition.Forexample:TOYOTAcallsthatcharge“groundlessandmeaningless”,butspokesmansays,“wearefullyawareofthetradefiction,andourapproachwillbemodestandprudent”.Inthesentence,thephrase“TOYOTAcallsthatcharge‘groundlessandmeaningless’”canobviouslyberewrittenintoauniformformconsistingoftwoclauses:AwaschargedasTOYOTAcallsitgroundlessandmeaningless.However,aclausebecomesanounphrase,sothatthesentencestructureismoreconcise.Here,althoughtheformof“charge”hasnotchanged,theword“charge”haschangedinthesentence.Anotherclause“Ourapproachwillbemodestandprudent”canalsobereorganizedintothefollowingconformity:“Wewillapproachordealwiththetradefictioninamodestandprudentway”.Theclauseisabbreviatedtoanounphrase,andseveralidiomsarecompressedintoaclause,whichiscalled“packaging”byHalliday.“Packaging”reducesthenumberofclauses,increasesvocabularydensity,condensesinformationandmakeslanguageexpressionaswellasbecomesmoreexplicitinthenewsdiscourse.Fromtheaboveexamples,onecanclearlyseetheinformationcompressionfunctionofnominalizationinnewsdiscoursesthatis,theconcisenessofdiscourse.2.3ThePhenomenonofNominalizationinEnglishNewsDiscoursesNominalizationinEnglishnewsdiscourseisamoreformalformofcontactinpeople’sdailylife.Thepurposeofnewsreportingistotrulyconveyinformationtothepublicandtoexpressasmuchmeaningaspossiblewithminimalformalcharacteristics.Thenounizationjustmeetsthisrequirement,whichnotonlymakesthenewsreportsseemobjectiveandfair,butalsokeepsthenewstextsconciseandcoherent.LiKepingpointedoutthatthenominalizationstructuremakessubject-verbchoicesmorediverse,andaprocesscanbetransformedintothesemanticstartingpointofaclause,becominganeffectivemeansofcohesion.Accordingtotheanalysisofthenominalizationphenomenonofnewsdiscourse,theauthorsummarizestheEnglish-Chinesedifferencesofnominalizationphenomenon,andfindsthatthegeneraldifferenceisthatChineselacksformalchanges,paysattentiontosemanticrationalityandgrammaticalbindingforce,andtheabilitytodefinenounsisweakerthanEnglish,soChineseapplicationofnominalizationismorecasual,andthesemanticeffectofnominalizationislowerthanthatofEnglish.TheabstractnounsandcommonnounsderivedfromtheverbsinEnglisharesimpleandformal,whichimprovestheobjectivedegreeofEnglishexpression,whichisbeneficialfornativespeakerstoemphasizeimportantinformation,butmeanwhilebringsnon-nativelanguagelearnersgreatdifficulty.Bycomparingthedifferenttypesofnominalizationinthesamediscourses,itisnotdifficulttofindthatthenominalstructureisappliedtomoreformalsituationssimilartonewsdiscourses,whichisthecommonalitybetweenChineseandEnglish.ThedifferenceisthatthenominalizationstructureofmodernChineseisgenerallylowerthanEnglishintermsoffrequencyofuse;thecorrespondingChineseismoreformal-predicateinform,similartosomeintermediatetransitiontypesinEnglish.Thenominalstructureistheobject,whiletheEnglishisthemainlanguage.Englishnewsreportsmustcomplywithtimelyandobjectiveguidelinesandprovidecomprehensiveandtruthfulinformationtothepublic.However,journalism,especiallythemainstreamjournalism,isoneofthemeansusedbythegovernmenttomaintainsocialorder.Therefore,Englishnewsdiscourseisideological,anditisimpossibletobeabsoluteandobjective.Thisrequiresnewstalkerstofindabalancebetweenobjectivityandideology,whichcannotonlyestablishthecredibility,authenticityandauthorityofthenews,butalsoimplicitlyexpresstheideologyofthenewstalkersandmakethepublicunconsciouslycontrolledbyhiddenideologies.Atthesametime,intheageofinformation,Englishnewsdiscoursesmustbeconciseandconsistent,conveyingalotofinformationinashortspace.Thenominalizedmetaphorjustmeetsthisrequirement,whichcanmaketheEnglishnewsreportsappearobjectiveandfairandimplicitlyspreadtheideology,whilemaintainingtheconciseandcoherentstructureoftheEnglishnewsdiscourses.ChapterThreeTheFunctionsofNominalizationinEnglishNewsDiscoursesThenominalizationiswidelyusedinnewsdiscourses,becausenominalizationhasthesimplicityandobjectivityinsemanticscomparedwiththeoriginalexpression,whichisalsothecharacteristicthatnewslanguagemustpossess.RegardingthefunctionsofnominalizationinEnglishnewsdiscourses,wediscussthefollowingpoints.3.1TheFunctionoftheLanguageRefinementThepurposeofthenewsistospreadasmanymessagesaspossibleinasfewlanguagesaspossible,andsubjecttothenumberofpagesorwords,therefore,thelanguageofthenewsisusuallyconcise.Ingeneral,thelexicaldensityofnewsdiscoursesishighandtheuseofwordsiscomplex,butthesentencestructureisrelativelysimple.Usuallysomeclausesarecondensedintonounphrases,calledtheprocessof“distillation”or“packaging”,thatis,theprocessofenrichment,thusavoidingthelargenumberofcomplicatedclausesandformingthenominalizationphenomenon.Forexample:Japanadmittedinalong-awaitedreportfromthejointhistorystudywithChinaonSundaythatthe1937-1945Sino-Japanesewarwasan“actofaggression”,butthetwoneighborsarestillatoddsonanumberofissues,suchasthedeathtollofthe1937NanjingMassacre.Intheaboveexample,aggressionisaconceptualmetaphorintheformofnominalization,whichcancorrespondtoclauses:JapanaggresseduponChina.Thenewslanguagedeliberatelyavoidstheexpressionofclauses,andadoptstheformofnounization,whichmakesthelanguagesimpleandsavesspace.Ifwecomparetheexpressionsofnominalizationandclauses,itisnotdifficulttomaketheeconomicsofnominalexpression.AsHallidaypointedout,thetypicalcharacteristicsofwrittentextsarerelativelysimplesyntaxandhighvocabularydensity.Therefore,wecanconcludethattheuseofalargenumberofnounphrasesmakesthesyntacticstructureofthenewslanguagesimpleandclear.Atthesametime,theuseofnounphrasemodificationcannotonlyincreasethevocabularydensity,butalsoimprovetheaccuracyofthewordsusedinnewsdiscourse.Theroleofnominalizationistomaketheauthor’swordsasconciseaspossible,savespace,andcompressthediscoursewithoutaffectingtheoriginalmeaning.3.1.1TheUseofIndustry-specificorTechnicalTermsAstheprofessionalismoftheEnglishnewslanguagebecomesmoreapparentandimportant,anumberofEnglishnewsterminologyhasbeenproducedaccordingly.Forexample:advance(预发消息);all-daypaper(全天报纸);journalese(新闻文体);marketing(报纸市场营销).TheuseofprofessionalterminologyandadvancedvocabularyinEnglishnewswritingcannotonlyimprovetheprofessionalismofnews,butalsomakethelanguageofthewholeEnglishreportsmorepreciseandaccurate,whichisconducivetotherealizationofthevalueofnews.InEnglishnewsdiscourse,manycommonwordsareoftengivenspecialmeaningsbecauseoftheextensiveuseoftechnicalterms,whichisdifferentfromthegeneralmeaningofordinaryEnglish.Andthemeaningofmanywordscanonlybefoundinprofessionaldictionaries.Forexample,intherelevanteconomy,EnglishnewsreportshavethebasiccharacteristicsofEnglishnewsontheonehand,andhavestrongeconomicprofessionalismontheotherhand.Somestudentshaveahighlevelofforeignlanguageskills,butbecausetheydonotunderstandsomeofthetechnicaltermsthatappearintheEnglisheconomicnews,theydonotunderstandtheentirepassageofthetextandeventhewholearticle.AsintheEnglisheconomicnews,theterm“profitmargin”isoftenencountered.Amongthem,margincanbeinterpretedas“sufficientormarginal”inordinaryEnglish,butitisonlyusedtoreferto“profitmargin”.Othersofthesamekind,suchasspotsales(出售现货),termsandconditions(条款)andsoon,areofthesameideographicnature.Inadditiontomasteringbasicprofessionalvocabulary,youshouldalsobefamiliarwiththeemergenceofalar