专题阅读理解 公开课教学设计

专题阅读理解（一）一、阅读考试说明2010年福建省《考试说明》对英语阅读理解部分的要求是；该部分要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：理解主旨和要义。理解文中的具体信息。根据上下文推断生词的词义。作出简单判断和推测。理解文章的基本结构。理解作者的意图、观点和态度。本部分要求时间约_____分钟。二、常考的题型细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题三、细节理解题1、能力要求要求考生根据文章所提供的直接信息选择正确答案。一般从文章中就能找到明确的答案。因此一定要回到原文中找出与答案内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案。2、常见的设题方式1)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE/NOTTRUE?2)Whichofthefollowingisn’tmentionedinthepassage?3)TheauthorgivestheexampleinParagraph…inorderto…4)Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/howoften/howsoon/….?5)AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______.6)有些考题中含有表唯一概念的词，如themost…/theonly…3、解题技巧第一招利用“直接就题找文法”巧解细节理解题要求：抓住提干中的文字信息，采用针对性的方法进行阅读。OnlythreelocalstudentswonChineseBlog（博客）Competition.And15ofthe18awardswanttostudentsfromChina.170students’task:togetafully-designedblogupandrunning,completewithmanypostingbasedonathemeofchoice—allwritteninChinese.Ks5uThemesrangedfromlocalopinions－suchastheusageofSinglish,educationandwhetherSingaporecanbeaculturalcentre－tofoodblogs.Ks5uTheentrieswerejudgedonLanguageproficiency（熟练程度）andthequalityofwriting,aswellasthedesignandlevelofexchangingideaswithreaders.Ks5uAcademicsfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporeandtheSIMUniversityITexperts,andajournalistfromChinesenewspaperLianheZaobaoinSingaporemadeupthejudges.Ks5uIntheend,onlythreeSingaporeanstudentsmadeittotheawardlist—therestoftheawardsweresweptupbystudentsfromChina.Ks5u“Nosurprise.”saidMr.ChowYawLong,37,teachersinchargefromIanovaJuniorCollage,whichorganizedtheevent.“Althoughthetopicswerelocalsubjects,theforeignstudentsweregenerallybetterintermsofthecontentofthepostsandtheirgraspoftheChineselanguage.”Ks5uOneofthethreelocalstudentswinningthefirstprizeintheBestLanguageAwardwasbloggerChristinaGao19,fromtheSaintAndrew’sJuniorCollage,whosparednoeffortinresearchingforandwritingherblog.Eachentrytookherbetweenfiveandsevendaystoproduce,completewithpicturesandevenpodcasts（播客）.Ks5uHeradviceforbloggersis:BeresponsibleKs5u“Somebloggersoutthereonlyseektoblametheauthoritiesandotherbloggers.”SaidMissGao.“Ithinktheylackresponsibilitiesandthereisnovaluetotheirposts.”（2009年福建卷A篇）Ks5u56.ThecompetitionwasorganizedbyKs5uA.theNationalUniversityofSingaporeB.ChinesenewspaperLianheZaobaoKC.InnovaJuniorCollege D.theSaintAndrew’sJuniorCollegeKs5u第二招利用“同义异说”巧解细节理解题细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的手法，这是细节性试题的主要命题方式。解这类题必须具备辨析同义和近义词（词组）以及句子的能力，同时要注意细心捕捉相关信息，进行比较筛选，找出符合题意的选项。GUATEMALACITY（Reuters）–Afishthatlivesinmangroveswamps（红树沼泽）acrosstheAmericascanliveoutofwaterformonthsatatime,similartohowanimalsadapted（适应）tolandmillionsofyearsago,anewstudyshows.ks5uTheMagroveRivulus,atypeofsmallkillifish,livesinsmallpoolsofwaterinacertaintypeofemptynutorevenoldbeercansinthemangroveswampsofBelize,theUnitedStatesandBrazil.Whentheirlivingplacedriesup,theyliveonthelandinlogs（圆木），saidScottTaylor,aresearcherattheBrevardEndangeredLandsPrograminFlorida.ks5uks5uThefish,whosescientificnameisRivulusmarmoratus,cangrowaslargeasthreeinches.Theygrouptogetherinlogsandbreatheairthroughtheirskinuntiltheycanfindwateragain.ks5uks5uThenewscientificdiscoverycameafteratriptoBelize.ks5uks5u“Wekickedoveralogandthefishjustcamecrowdingout,”TaylortoldReutersinneighboringGuatgemalabytelephone.HesaidhewillmakehisstudyonthefishknowntothepublicinanAmericanmagazineearlynextyear.ks5uks5uInlabtests,Taylorsaidhefoundthefishcanliveupto66daysoutofwaterwithouteating.ks5uks5uSomeotherfishcanliveoutofwaterforashortperiodoftime.ThewalkingcatfishfoundinSoutheastAsiacanstayonlandforhoursattime,whilelungfishfoundinAustralia,AfricaandSouthAmericacanliveoutofwater,butonlyinaninactivestate.ButnootherknownfishcanbeoutofwateraslongastheMangroveRivulusandremainactive,accordingtoPatriciaWright,abiologistatCanada’sUniversityofGuelph.ks5uks5uFurtherstudiesofthefishmaytellhowanimalschangedovertime.K“Theseanimalsliveinconditionssimilartothosethatexistedmillionsofyearsago,whenanimalsbeganmakingthetransition（过渡）fromwaterontoland,”Wrightsaid.（2009年全国卷IIC篇）49.TheMangroveRivulusisatypeoffishthat_______.ks5uks5uA.likeseatingnutsks5uks5uB.preferslivingindryplacesks5uks5uC.isthelongestlivingfishonearthkD.canstayalivefortwomonthsoutofwater第三招利用“多点归纳法”，巧解细节题有时细节理解题是根据文章中的多处信息来设题的，这时就必须全面地捕捉相关信息，然后综合得出正确的结论。决不能根据“一面之词”简单地做出判断。ks5uks5uItwasthefirstsnowofwinter--anexcitingdayforeverychildbutnotformostteather.Upuntilnow,lhadbeenabletodressmyselfforrecess（课间休息）,buttodayIwouldneedsomehelp.MissFinlayson,mykindergartenteacheratPrincessElizabethSchoolnearHamilton,Ontario,hadbeenthroughfirstsnowdaysmanytimesinherlongcareer,butIthinkshemaystruggledstillrememberthisone.ks5uImanagedtogetintomywoolsnowpants.ButIstraggledwithmyjacketbecauseitdidn’tfitwell.Itwasahand-me-downfrommybrother,anditmademewonderwhyIhadtowearhisuglyclothes.Atleastmyhatandmatchingscarfweremine,andtheywerequitepretty.FinallyitwastimetohaveMissFinlaysonhelpmewithmyboots.Inhercalm,motherlyvoiceshesaid,“Bytheendofwinter,youwillbeabletoputonownboots.”Ididn’trealizeatthetimethatthiswasmoreastatementofhopethanofconfidence.ks5uIhandedhermybootsandstuckoutmyfoot.Likemostchildren,Iexpectedtheadulttodoanthework.Aftermushwigglingandpushing,shemanagedtogetfirstoneintoplaceandthen,withasigh,workedthesecondoneontoo.ks5uIannounced，“They’reonthewrongfeet.”Withthegracethatonlyexperiencecanbring，shestruggledtogetthebootsoffandwentthroughthejoylesstaskofputtingthemonagain.ThenIsaid，“Thesearen’tmyboots,youknow.”Asshepulledtheoffendingbootsfrommyfeet，shestillmanagedtolookbothhelpfulandinterested.Oncetheywereoff,Isaid，“Theyaremybrother’sboots.Mymothermakesmewearthem，andIhatethem!”Somehow，fromlongyearsofpractice，shemanagedtoactasthoughIwasn’tanannoyinglittlegirl.Shepushedandshoved.lessgentlythistime，andthebootswerereturnedtotheirproperplaceonmyfeet.Withagreatsighofrelief，seeingtheendofherstrugglewithme，sheasked，“Now，whereareyourgloves?’’ks5uIlookedintohereyesandsaid.“Ididn’twanttolosethem,soIputthemintothetoesofmyboots.”k（2009年江苏卷B篇）s5u60.Accordingtothepassage，thelittlegirlgotfromherbrother.ks5uA.thewoolsnowpantsandthejacketB.thejacketandthebootsks5uC.thejacketandthehatD.thebootsandtheglovesks5u第四招利用“列表（推算）法”，巧解数字换算题。此类问题一般要求能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算，得出正确的结论。采用方法有“列表法”、“推算法”等。Foreigndriverswillhaveapayon-the-spotfinesofupto￡900forbreakingthetrafficlawtobecarriedournextmonth.Ks5uIftheydonothaveenoughcashoraworkingcreditcard,theirvehicleswillclamped（扣留）untiltheypay–andtheywillfaceanadditionalfeeof￡80forgettingbacktheirvehicles.ThelawwillalsoapplytoBritishcitizens.Thefineswillbedescribedofficiallyas“deposits”whenthetafficlawtakeseffect,becausethemoneywouldbereturnedifthedriverwenttocourtandwasfoundnotguilty.Inpractice,veryfewforeigndrivesarelikelytoreturntoBritaintodealwiththeircases.Ks5uForeigndriversarerarelychargedbecausepolicecannottakeactionagainstthemiftheyfailtoappearincourt,Instead,officersoftenmerelygivewarnings.KsThreemillionforeign-registeredvehiclesenterBritaineachyear.Polishvehiclesmakeup36percent,Frenchvehicles10percentandGermanvehicles9percent.Ks5uForeignvehiclesare30percentmorelikelytobeinacrashthanBritish—registeredvehiches.Thenumberofcrashescausedbyforeignvehicleroseby47percentbetween2003and2008.Therewerealmost400deathsandseriousinjuriesand3,000slightinjuriesformaccidentscausedbyforeignvehiclesin2008.Ks5uThenewLawispartyintendedtosettletheproblemofforeignlorrydiversignoringlimitsonweightandhoursatthewheel.ForeignlorriesarethreetimesmorelikelytobeinacrashthanBritishLorries.RecentspotchecksfoundthatthreequartersofLorriesthatfailedsafetyteatswereregisteredoverseas.Ks5uThestandarddepositforacarelessdrivingoffence—suchasdrivingtooclosetothevehicleinfrontorreadingamapatthewheel—willbe￡300.Depositsforspeedingoffencesandusingmobilephoneswillbe￡60.Foreigndriverswillnotgetpointsaspunishmentaddedtotheirlicenses,whileBritishdriverswill.（2009年福建卷B篇）Ks5u61.Theforeigndriverswhobreakthetrafficlawanddonotpayonthespotarelikelytobefinedupto.Ks5uA.￡60B.￡300C.￡900D.￡980Ks5u第五招利用“逻辑关系梳理法”，巧解代词指代理解法。代词指代理解题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型。因此理顺人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”使人物或事件关系条理化、明朗化。Alltoooften,achoicethatseemssustainable(可持续的)turnsoutoncloserexaminationtobeproblematic.Probablythebestexampleistherushtoproduceethanol(乙醇)forfuelfromcorn.Cornisarenewableresource—youcanharvestitandgrowmore,almostlimitlessly.Soreplacinggaswithcornethanolseemslikeagreatidea.ks5uOnemightgetabitmoreenergyoutoftheethanolthanthatusedtomakeit,whichcouldstillmakeethanolmoresustainablethang