Unit1ScienceandScientists知识点梳理及综合练习高中英语人教版选择性

XBook2Unit1ScienceandScientists综合练习知识梳理1.infectionn.感染；传染infectv.使感染；传染infectiousadj.传染的2.assistantn.助手；助理assistv.帮助assistancen.帮助3.giftedadj.有天赋的giftn.天赋；才能4.multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的multiplyv.成倍增加；乘5.defendvt.保卫；防守defence/defensen.保卫；防守defensiveadj.防御的6.proofn.证据；证明provev.证明7.interventionn.介入；出面；干涉intervenev.干涉；干扰；打断8.transformv.使……改观；改变transformationn.变化；改观9.astronomern.天文学家astronomyn.天文学10.mechanicn.机械师；机械修理工mechanicaladj.机械的II．重点词块词块梳理subscribev.认购；定期订购subscriptionn.订阅；订购Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯诺赞同第二个理论。Whichjournalsdoesthelibrarysubscribeto?

图书馆订有哪些报刊？suspectn.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象v.怀疑；不信任adj.可疑的suspectthat...怀疑某事suspectsb(ofsth/ofdoingsth)怀疑（某人有罪）amurdersuspect

杀人嫌疑犯asuspectpackage

blamevt.把……归咎于；指责n.责备；指责Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.blamesb/sthfor因为……责备某人/某物blamesthonsb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某物betoblameforsth对某事负有责任bake/beartheblame承担责任lay/puttheblameon...把责任推到……上4.castvt.投射；向……投以n.全体演员itcastsdifferentshadows它会投射不同的阴影thewholecastperforms/performbrilliantly.

全体演员都表现出色。Shecastawelingsmileinhisdirection.

她向他微笑以示欢迎。chargen.要价；指控；指责；主管v.

收（费）；（向…）要价;控告；指责；充电inchargeof负责/掌管inthechargeof由……负责/掌管takechargeof掌管freeofcharge免费chargesbforsth因……向某人收费chargesbwith(doing)sth控告某人做某事课内其他词块themostfeareddiseases最令人恐惧的疾病causeseveredeath造成严重的死亡anoutbreakofcholerahitEurope霍乱在欧洲爆发attendtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth在维多利亚女王生孩子时照顾她destroycholeraonceandforall彻底消灭霍乱two

contradictory

theories两种相互矛盾的理论an

infection

from

germs细菌感染subscribe

to

the

secondtheory赞同第二种理论he

still

needed

proof他仍然需要证据Markonamaptheexactplaces地图上标出确切地点multiple

deaths多人死亡some

households

hadhad

no

人员死亡Snow

suspected

that斯诺怀疑……the

water

pump

was

to

blame水泵是罪魁祸首havethewaterdeliveredtoherhouse让人把水送到家里来as

a

result

of

this

evidence因为有了这个证据aftermovingaway

from

Broad

Street在离开布罗德街后the

pump

water

carried

cholera

germs水泵里的水携带霍乱病菌he

hadthe

handle

ofthe

pump

removed他把泵的把手拿下来through

this

intervention通过这一干预措施show

a

link

揭示联系theraw

waste未经处理的废弃物those

who

drank

pure

or

boiled

water喝纯净水或开水的人through

Snow's

tireless

efforts通过斯诺的不懈努力a

substantial

decrease大幅减少thankstotheworkofJohnSnow多亏了约翰斯诺的工作his

use

of

maps

and

statistics他对地图和统计数据的运用

transform

the

way

scientistsstudy

diseases改变了科学家研究疾病的方式usemicroscopetodefeatcholera用显微镜打败霍乱changethethinkingofthescientificmunity改变科学界的看法blockakeyproteininthebody’scells阻止人体细胞中的一种关键蛋白质thespreadofcoldcausingvirus感冒病毒的传播Announcethefinding宣布发现成果Theinitialstageofourgroup’sresearch我们团队研究的第一阶段withyourtheoreticalframework用你的理论框架dosomesolidwork做一些实实在在的工作castdifferentshadows投下不同的影子thecoloroftherainbow彩虹的颜色pouritlikealiquid把它像液体一样倒出来beehardasconcrete变得像混凝土一样坚硬acarmechanic

汽车修理工Servehishomeland报效他的祖国TheSonghuBattlebrokeout淞沪会战爆发Switchhismajortoaviation改学航空专业defendthecountry保护国家asagraduateassistant作为一名研究生助理conductimportantresearch作重要的研究overesomedifficulties克服一些困难receiveahero’swele得到英雄般的欢迎inchargeofdevelopingmissileprogramme负责开发导弹项目takeonthechallenge接受挑战underQian’sleadership在钱学森的领导下launchitsfirstmanmadesatellite发射第一颗人造卫星anoutstandingandcreativescientist一位杰出且有创造力的科学家hisdeepappreciationforart他对于艺术深深的喜爱giftedscientistsinphysics物理学方面有天赋的科学家edownwithadisease得病abstractthought抽象的思想steadystateconcept稳定状态理论beprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes被天文学家用望远镜证明besidesbeingbrilliant除了聪明之外aboveall最重要的是admithisfaults承认他的过错ashiftinpersonalinterest个人兴趣方面的转变avividimagination一个生动的想象力读后续写课外拓展1.心理状态描写Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustrated,becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholer.作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺非常的沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。However,

he

never

lost

his

desire

to

destroy

cholera

once

and

for

all.然而，他从未失去彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。Accordingly,

he

hadthe

handle

ofthe

pump

removed

so

that

it

could

not

be

used.

因此，他把泵的把手拿下来，使它不能使用。3.性格特征描写He

was

determined

to

find

outwhy.他决心找出原因。Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.然而，钱学森并没有因此而放弃接受挑战。

Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.教材原句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovere.（P2）译文：霍乱曾经是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生约翰.斯诺展示了如何能战胜它。句式剖析：本句为主从复合句。until引导时间状语从句，其中JohnSnow是aBritishdoctor的同位语，howitcouldbeovere是一个宾语从句。教材原句Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.（P2）译文：斯诺开始在地图上标出所有死者居住的确切地点。句式剖析：本句为主从复合句。whereallthosewhodiedhadlived是一个定语从句；其中，whodiedhadlived是一个定语从句，修饰先行词those。教材原句However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinothersthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.（P8）译文：然而，使他成为一位如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的可能是他对其他事物的浓厚兴趣，如音乐和绘画。句式剖析：本句为主从复合句。whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientist是一个主语从句，what在从句中做主语。IV．语法表语从句在主从复合句中，充当表语的从句叫表语从句，它位于主句中的系动词之后。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。观察ThefactisthatCOVID19hasagreatinfluenceonourlife.事实是新型冠状病毒肺炎对我们的生活有很大的影响。Theproblemiswhethertheairpollutioncanbecontrolled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。Hedidn’tworkhard.That’swhyhewasfired.他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因Mymothertoldmethiswaswherewehadlived.妈妈告诉我这就是我们住过的地方。Yourmothershealthisnotwhatitusedtobe.你母亲的健康状况已今非昔比。Idon’tknowthelatestnewsandthat’sbecauseIhavebeenpreparingareportallday.我不知道最新的消息，那是因为我一整天都在准备一份报告。Thequestionishoweverwecandotheworkbetter.问题是我们究竟如何才能将这项工作做得更好。归纳1.引导表语从句的连接词有:(1)that,whether,because。其中that无词义，在从句中不作成分，但不能省略;whether意为“是否”because意为“因为”。if不能引导表语从句。(2)连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语等成分。(3)连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等，在从句中充当状语。3.why和because引导的表语从句的区别This/Thatis/waswhy...这/那是……的原因，强调结果。This/Thatis/wasbecause...这/那是因为……，强调原因。知识检测（1）根据汉语提示写单词1.______________n.感染；传染__________v.使感染；传染______________adj.传染的2.______________n.助手；助理______________v.帮助______________n.帮助3.______________adj.有天赋的______________n.天赋；才能4.______________adj.数量多的；多种多样的______________v.成倍增加；乘5.______________vt.保卫；防守__________n.保卫；防守____________adj.防御的6.______________n.证据；证明______________v.证明7.______________n.介入；出面；干涉______________v.干涉；干扰；打断8.______________v.使……改观；改变______________n.变化；改观9.______________n.天文学家______________n.天文学10.______________n.机械师；机械修理工______________adj.机械的（2）单词拼写：根据汉语提示和首字母写出单词的正确形式。1.Thiskindofviruscancauses_______________(十分严重的)damagetoourhealth.2.Beingexposedtothesesurroundingswillincreasetheriskofi_____________(感染).3.Thepolicecan’tchargethesuspectforlackofc__________(具体的)evidence.4.Whenthesunislow,thegrandbuildingcastsitss____________(影子)ontheground.5.Theplayer’so___________(杰出的)performanceleftadeepimpressiononeveryonepresent.6.Ihavegotv_____________(生动的)memoriesofmyhappychildhood.II．重点词块检测(1)英汉互译__________________________________________________________造成严重的死亡__________________________________________________________彻底消灭霍乱__________________________________________________________两种相互矛盾的理论__________________________________________________________细菌感染__________________________________________________________赞同第二种理论__________________________________________________________他仍然需要证据__________________________________________________________多人死亡_________________________________________________________一些家庭没有人员死亡__________________________________________________________斯诺怀疑……__________________________________________________________水泵是罪魁祸首__________________________________________________________他把泵的把手拿下来__________________________________________________________通过这一干预措施__________________________________________________________揭示联系__________________________________________________________未经处理的废弃物__________________________________________________________喝纯净水或开水的人__________________________________________________________大幅减少_________________________________________________________多亏了约翰斯诺的工作_____________________________________________________他对地图和统计数据的运用___________________________________________________改变了科学家研究疾病的方式___________________________________________________用显微镜打败霍乱___________________________________________________改变科学界的看法_______________________________________________阻止人体细胞中的一种关键蛋白质___________________________________________________感冒病毒的传播___________________________________________________宣布发现成果___________________________________________________我们团队研究的第一阶段___________________________________________________用你的理论框架___________________________________________________做一些实实在在的工作___________________________________________________投下不同的影子___________________________________________________彩虹的颜色___________________________________________________把它像液体一样倒出来___________________________________________________变得像混凝土一样坚硬___________________________________________________汽车修理工___________________________________________________淞沪会战爆发___________________________________________________保护国家___________________________________________________作为一名研究生助理___________________________________________________负责开发导弹项目___________________________________________________在钱学森的领导下___________________________________________________一位杰出且有创造力的科学家___________________________________________________物理学方面有天赋的科学家___________________________________________________得病___________________________________________________抽象的思想___________________________________________________稳定状态理论___________________________________________________被天文学家用望远镜证明___________________________________________________除了聪明之外___________________________________________________最重要的是___________________________________________________承认他的过错___________________________________________________个人兴趣方面的转变___________________________________________________一个生动的想象力(2)课文语法填空A：Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeared___1___(disease)intheworlduntilJohnSnowshowedhowitcouldbeovere.Cholera,as___2___deadlydiseaseofitsday,threatenedordinarypeople.Nooneknewitscauseoritscure.Everytimecholerabrokeout,largenumbersof___3___(frighten)peopledied.JohnSnowwasdetermined___4___(solve)thisproblem.Heknewonlyifhefounditscausewoulditbecontrolled.Thereweretwotheoriesthat___5___(possible)explainedhowpeoplegotinfected.JohnSnow___6___(subscribe)tothetheorythatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.In1854anotheroutbreakofcholerahitLondon.JohnSnowdecidedtoinvestigate.Hemarkedtheplacesonamap,___7___gavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.HefoundmanyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet.Somehouseholdshadnodeaths___8___thesepeopledrankfreebeer.Itseemedthatthewaterpumpwas___9___(blame).Hemadefurtherresearchandconcludedthatpollutedwaterledtothedisease.Finally“KingCholera”___10___(defeat).ThankstoJohnSnow,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera.1. B：Perhapsnootherscientisthashada___1___(great)impactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.Hewasawellrespectedman,___2___servedhishomelandwitheffort,achievementanddevotion.BorninHangzhouin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandShanghai.In1935,hewenttotheUS___3___furtherstudyandthenworkedthere.Afteroveringsomedifficulties,he___4___(return)toChinain1955,andwasputinchargeofdevelopingChina’srocketscienceaswellasthespaceandmissileprogramme.___5___(face)withchallenges,Qiandidn’tfeeldiscouraged.When___6___(ask)“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”,hisreplywas“Whynot?”Under___7___(he)leadership,Chinadevelopeditsownmissilesrockets,andmanmadesatellites___8___(success).Qianwasknowledgeable.However,___9___madehimanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisinterestinotherthingslikemusicanddrawing,whichgavehim___10___(inspire)inscientificresearch.ThewholecountrywassaddenedbyQian’sdeathin2009.(3)选词填空（注意词形的变化，有2个多余）subscribetosubscribetoattendtobebinedwithbesuspectedofbelinkedtomakesensecarryoutcalmdownbreakoutinchargeofedowntakeonHisassistantwillhaveto_____________________mostofhisworkwhileheisabsent.WhenWorldWarI_____________________,hedecidedtojointhearmyimmediately.Allthescientistspresentattheforum_____________________theviewthatglobalwarmingismainlyduetotheburningoffossilfuels.Thenursesarebusy_____________________thepatientsinthehospital.Theguard_____________________killingthegirlbythepolice.Planningsofaraheaddoesn’t_____________________—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.Itisknowntousthattheorymust_____________________practice.Britain_____________________therestofEuropebytheChannelTunnel.Ihavebeencoughingthesedays,soIthinkIam_____________________withflu.I’dliketospeaktothepersonwhois_____________________thisprogram.根据汉语提示，补全下列句子Fortunately,wenowknow_____________________________(如何预防)cholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow._________________________(当被问到)“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”,hereplieddeterminedly“Whynot?...”Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremoved________________________(为的是)itcouldnotbeused.____________________________________________(似乎)thewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.根据括号内的提示，翻译下列句子。汤姆在父亲退休后掌管了这家公司。（inchargeof）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________他是在街上遇见了他的老朋友迈克吗？（强调句）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________除非收到惊吓，否则大象不会攻击你。(状语从句的省略)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________老师和学生们明天要去社区植树。(aswellas)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________当你感到失望时，你可以深呼吸让自己冷静下来。（calmdown）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IV.语法检测（单句语法填空）1.Motivationis________youneedmosttodoagoodjob.2.Thisis________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.3.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis________wearrived.4.WhatI’mhopingtoacplishis________mygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.5.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.6.Themostimportantresultfortheuseris________theproductdoeswhatisintended.7.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas________hescoredthewinninggoal.8.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisis________mymotherusedtotellme.9.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis________aboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.10.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot________shipsarebuiltfor.11.Jackdidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatwas________hehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.知识检测答案1.infectioninfectinfectious2.assistantassistassistance3.giftedgift4.multiplemultiply5.defenddefence/defensedefensive6.proofprove7.interventionintervene8.transformtransformation9.astronomerastronomy10.mechanicmechanical(2)1.severe2.infection3.concrete4.shadow5.outstanding6.vividII．重点词块检测(1)英汉互译causeseveredeathdestroycholeraonceandforalltwo

contradictory

theoriesan

infection

from

germssubscribe

to

the

secondtheoryhe

still

needed

proofmultiple

deaths多人死亡some

households

hadhad

no

deaths.Snow

suspected

thatthe

water

pump

was

to

blamehe

hadthe

handle

ofthe

pump

removedthrough

this

interventionshow

a

link

theraw

wastethose

who

drank

pure

or

boiled

watera

substantial

decreasethan