2023年辽宁省沈阳市新城子区考研《英语一》考前冲刺试卷含解析

2023年辽宁省沈阳市新城子区考研《英语一》考前冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Dandelions（蒲公英）arecommonweedsthatgrowinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Indifferent1,dandelionstakedifferentshapes.Scientistshavelong2thatdifferenthabitatsledtothecreationof3species,andthatdifferencesinformareactualproofofdifferentspecies.4,accordingtoTuresson,itisalsopossiblethata5speciestakesdifferentshapesdependentonthehabitatsit6in.Tostudythis,Ihavelookedattwodandelionsgrowingindifferenthabitats.Theone,7IwillcallDandelion1,growsinagrassfieldthatliesinthe8.TheotherDandelion,Dandelion2,growsintheshadow,eg9thetreesorbehindashed.Thegrassfieldishotand10.Theshadowiscoolandwet.So,whatarethe11betweenDandelion1and2?Dandelion1isdarkgreen,andits12areshortandquitethick.Mostoftheleaveslie13onthesurroundinggrass.Theflowersareshort.Dandelion2,ontheotherhand,looksverydifferently.Theleavesarelongand14green,Mostleavesstandinaverticalposition.Theflowersalso15tall.Dandelion216strongandtall.Itisclearthatitgrowsverywellinthe17,andthathasenough18andspacetogrowintoabigplant.Dandelion1,ontheotherhand,issmallanddark.Itseemsthatthe19inthegrasslandmakeitdifficultforthisdandeliontogrowintoabigplant.20,theconditionsinthetwodifferenthabitatsresultindifferentshapesforthesedandelions.ForDandelion1,thesunmakesthegrassfieldhotanddry.Inordertosavewater,itgrowsshortandthickleaves.1、A．housesB．habitatsC．parksD．countries2、A．disagreedB．providedC．believedD．calculated3、A．newB．goodC．oldD．bad4、A．HoweverB．ThereforeC．ThusD．Otherwise5、A．sameB．differentC．strangeD．single6、A．plantsB．worksC．takesD．grows7、A．whatB．whichC．thatD．when8、A．worldB．mountainC．sunD．valley9、A．underB．overC．uponD．between10、A．HumidB．WetC．SoftD．dry11、A．similaritiesB．advantagesC．differencesD．disadvantages12、A．seedsB．leavesC．weedsD．woods13、A．flatB．apartC．deadD．logical14、A．darkB．brightC．artificialD．familiar15、A．lieB．breakC．standD．perform16、A．soundsB．smellsC．feelsD．looks17、A．swallowB．shallowC．shadowD．shape18、A．sunshineB．leavesC．honeyD．water19、A．ConditionsB．OccasionsC．SituationsD．preparations20、A．FortunatelyB．ObviouslyC．ConsequentlyD．AccidentallySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Hawkingwasperhapsthemostfamousscientistintheworldwhenhediedin2018atage76.His1988book，ABriefHistoryofTime，soldtenmillioncopiesandmadehimanunlikelysuperstareventopeoplewhosweatedthroughhighschoolscience.HumorwasalwaysabigpartofHawking’sefforttobringphysicstothemasses.Inhis2010book，TheGrandDesign，forinstance，herecountshow，in1277，theCatholicChurchdeclaredscientificlawssuchasgravitytobewrong，sincetheyseemedagainstGod'sidea.“Interestingly，”thetextaddsjokingly，“PopeJohnwaskilledbytheeffectsofthelawofgravityafewmonthslaterwhentheroofofhispalacefellinonhim.”Hawkingwasonly21whenhewasdiagnosedwiththediseaseALS.Formostpeople，theconditionwouldhavebeenadisaster.ButHawkingrolledoverhardshipasifitwerejustapebbleunderhiswheelchair.“Lifewouldbetragic，”heoncesaid，“ifitweren’tfunny.”Hekeptsmilingeventhoughhespentmorethan50yearsinawheelchair.“Helovedadventureandfun，”saysMlodinow，whooncetookHawkingonapunt-boattripdownthefiverCaminCambridge，England，despitetheobviousdangeroftheboatturningover.“YouknowaboutwhenhewentontheVomitComet?It’saplanethatfliesinaparabolic(抛物线的)pathsoyouareweightless，likeyouareinspace.Alotofpeoplevomit，buthelovedthatsortofthing.”Andhewas65atthetime.Hawking’sgreatesthit，humor-wise，wasprobablythecocktailpartyhethrewin2009.Itwasa“welcomereceptionforfuturetimetravelers，”hesaid，sonaturally，hesentouttheinvitationsthedayaftertheparty.Nooneshowedupyet.“Maybeonedaysomeonelivinginthefuturewillfindtheinformationanduseawormholetimemachinetocomebacktomyparty，provingthattimetravelwillonedaybepossible，”Hawkingexplained.Andifthathappens，don’tbesurprisedifHawkingistheretoo.Afterall，henevermissedachancetohavefun.1、WhatdoesthetextmainlytellusaboutHawking?A．Herelatedphysicstohumorclosely.B．Hemadegreatcontributionstophysics.C．Hewentthroughmanyfunnyexperiences.D．Hewasoptimisticaboutthefutureofscience.2、WhatcanwelearnaboutPopeJohn?A．HewasnotinfavorofGod.B．HewasascientistlikeHawking.C．Hewasopposedtothelawofgravity.D．Hewaskilledduetothediscoveryofgravity.3、WhatdroveHawkingtogoontheVomitComet?A．Hisfondnessofadventure.B．Theinvitationfromhisfriend.C．Therequirementsofhiswork.D．HisdesireforrecoveryfromALS.4、Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Thecocktailpartywasagreatsuccess.B．Thepossibilityoftimetravelwasnotproved.C．Hawkingwasamanwhoenjoyedholdingparties.D．Thewormholetimemachinewasusedatthattime.Text2PigeonsinLondonhaveabadreputation.Somepeoplecallthemflyingrats.Andmanyblamethemforcausingpollutionwiththeirdroppings.Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkindofpollutioninthiscityof8.5million.“Theproblemforairpollutionisthatit’sbeenlargelyignoredasanissueforalongtime,”saysAndreaLee,whoworksfortheLondon-basedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Peopledon’trealizehowbaditis,andhowitactuallyaffectstheirhealth.”London’spoorairqualityislinkedtonearly10,000earlydeathsayear.Leesays,citing(引用)areportreleasedbythecitymanagerlastyear.Ifpeoplewerebetterinformedaboutthepollutionthey’rebreathing,shesays,theycouldpressurethegovernmenttodosomethingaboutit.Nearby,onawindyhillinLondon’sRegent’sPark,anexperimentisunderwaythatcouldhelp—thefirstweekofflightsbythePigeonAirPatrol.ItallbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorforDigitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontestlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemcouldbesolvedusingTwitter.Duquesnoy,fromFrance,chosetheproblemofairpollution.“Basically,Irealizedhowimportanttheproblemwas,”hesays.“ButalsoIrealizedthatmostofthepeoplearoundmedidn’tknowanythingaboutit.”Duquesnoysayshewantstobettermeasurepollution,whileatthesametimemakingtheresultsaccessibletothepublicthroughTwitter.“So”,hewondered,“howcouldwegoacrossthecityquicklycollectingasmuchdataaspossible?”Droneswerehisfirstthought.Butit’sillegaltoflythemoverLondon.“ButpigeonscanflyaboveLondon,right?”hesays.“Theylive—actually,theyareLondonersaswell.So,yeah,Ithoughtaboutusingpigeonsequippedwithmobileapps.Andwecanusenotjuststreetpigeons,butracingpigeons,becausetheyflyprettyquicklyandprettylow.”SoitmightbetimeforLondonerstohavemorerespectfortheirpigeons.Thebirdsmayjustbehelpingtoimprovethequalityofthecity’sair.1、WhatcanweinferaboutLondon’sairqualityfromParagraph2?A．Londonersareverysatisfiedwithit.B．Thegovernmentistryingtoimproveit.C．Londonersshouldpaymoreattentiontoit.D．Thegovernmenthasdonealottoimproveit.2、DuquesnoyattendedtheLondonDesignFestivalto_________.A．entertainLondoners. B．solveaworldproblem.C．designaproductforsale. D．protectanimalslikepigeons.3、WhydidDuquesnoygiveupusingdronestoflyacrossLondon?A．Becausetheyaretooexpensive. B．Becausetheyflytooquickly.C．Becausetheyareforbidden. D．Becausetheyflytoohigh.4、Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CleanairinLondon. B．London’sdirtysecret.C．London’snewpollutionfighter. D．CausesofairpollutioninLondon.Text3BottledwaterisaboomingindustryinNewZealand,butit’sterriblefortheenvironment—eachbottlethrownawayaddingtothe190,000tonsofplasticNewZealandersthrowintolandfillseachyear.Butnowonecompanyhascreatedwaterstoragethattheyhopewillprovetobejustasconvenientasaplasticbottle—butcontainsnoactualplastic.SkippingRockLabsmakeOohos,flexiblemembranesfilledwithwaterthatareconstructedusingaseaweedextract—meaningthey,retotallyedibleandbiodegradable,wrappingandall.Therearen’tanyknownsideeffectsfromdigestingthemembranes,whicharetasteless—thoughOoho!saysflavorscanbeaddedtomakethemmoreappetizing.ThecompanytooktocrowdfundingsiteCrowdCubewiththeidea,andithassincegoneviral—withmorethan900investorsbaggingthemA£751,700todevelopandlaunchtheOoho!balls($1.35million).SkippingRockLabscreatetheballsbydippingiceintobrownalgaeandcalciumchloride,withthemembranetakingshapearoundtheice—andwhilethatmaysoundcomplicated,thecompanysaysit,smorecost-effectivethanproducingaplasticbottle.Alayeratopthemembranecanbepeeledoffjustbeforedrinking,forhygienepurposes.SkippingRockLabsarehopingtheirnewproducttakesoff—andthatitstartstoputadentintotheplasticpackagingindustry.1、TheproductOohosmadebythecompanySkippingRockLabshasthefollowinggoodpointsexceptthat.A．itisnon-plastic B．itisedibleC．itisbiodegradable D．itisexpensivetomake2、Howdoesthecompanymaketheirideaworkinpractice?A．Byworkingwithothercompanies. B．Byadvertisingtheirsamples.C．Bycrowdfundingthroughawebsite. D．Byborrowingmoneyfromthebank.3、WhatdoesParagraph6mainlytellusabout?A．Whythecompanymadetheirproduct.B．Wherethecompanymadetheirproduct.C．Howthecompany’sproductwasmade.4、Whatsectionofanewspaperwillmostprobablycarrythisarticle?A．Environment. B．Opinion.C．Politics. D．Agriculture.Text4Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance，theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority（优先）.Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudentsMusictellsuswhoweare.Becausemusicisanexpressionofthebeingswhocreateit,itreflectstheirthinkingandvalues,aswellasthesocialenvironmentitcamefrom.RockmusicrepresentsalifestylejustassurelyasdoesaSchubertsong.ThejazzinfluencethatGeorgeGershwinandothermusiciansintroducedintotheirmusicisobviouslyAmericanbecauseitcamefromAmericanmusicaltraditions.Musicexpressesourcharacterandvalues.Itgivesusidentityasasociety.Musicprovidesakindofperception(视角)thatcannotbeacquiredanyotherway.Sciencecanexplainhowthesunrisesandsets.Theartsexploretheemotive（情感的）meaningofthesamephenomenon.Weneedeverypossiblewaytodiscoverandrespondtoourworldforonesimplebutpowerfulreason:Noonewaycangetitall.Theartsareformsofthoughtaspowerfulinwhattheycommunicateasmathematicalandscientificsymbols.Theyarewayswehumanbeings“talk”toeachother.Theyarethelanguageofcivilizationthroughwhichweexpressourfears,ourcuriositiesourhungers,ourdiscoveries,ourhopes.Theartsarewayswegiveformtoourideasandimaginationsothattheycanbesharedwithothers.Whenwedonotgivechildrenaccesstoanimportantwayofexpressingthemselvessuchasmusic,wetakeawayfromthemthemeaningsthatmusicexpresses.Somusiceducationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopleseemtorealize.1、Accordingtoparagraph1,students________.A．regardmusicasawayofentertainmentB．disagreewiththeirparentsoneducationC．viewmusicasanoverlookedsubjectD．prefertheartstoscience2、InParagraph2,theauthorusesjazzasanexampleto________.A．compareitwithrockmusicB．showmusicidentifiesasocietyC．introduceAmericanmusicaltraditionsD．provemusicinfluencespeople’slifestyles3、Accordingtothepassage,theartsandscience________.A．approachtheworldfromdifferentanglesB．exploredifferentphenomenaoftheworldC．expresspeople’sfeelingindifferentwaysD．explainwhatitmeanstobehumandifferently4、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Musiceducationdeservesmoreattention.B．Musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.C．Musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.D．Musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Oneofmymostunforgettableexperienceoccurredonadaylastsummer,1．IwashandingoutnewspapersfromdoortodoorDisappointedatmystudyresults,Ididn’twanttogotoschoolany2．(long)IfoundatemporaryjobduringmysummervacationBecauseIwaspoorinknowledge,themanageronlyaskedme3．(deliver)newspapersfromhousetohouseAt4．beginning,IitwouldbeapieceofcakeTherewouldbeno5．(difficult)infinishingitButtomysurprise,whenIwenttopeople’s6．(house),theylookedmeupanddownIcouldfeelthattheylookeddownuponmeI7．(hurt)badlyEvenso,IcametoanotherhouseAblackdog8．(sudden)jumpedoutGreatlyfrightened,IscreamedwithfearButnobodycametohelpmeAtthattime,Icometorealizethatdoingthisjobwasmoredifficultthan9．(read)booksintheclassroomIwantedtogiveup,butIcouldn’tItriedmybesttodothejobbetterFinallyImadeitFromthisexperience,I’velearntthatifweputourheart10．it,nothingisdifficultandnothingisimpossibleChina’seducationalandhealthauthoritieshavebannedconveniencestoresinallkindergartens,primary,middleandhighschoolsacrossthecountryTheregulationtookeffectonApril1．Thecampusconveniencestoreisaplace2．manystudentsenjoyasnackandachatButitwillsoonbecome3．thingofthepastItrequiresthatadministrators(管理人员)shouldkeeprecordofeachmealandsolveanyfoodproblemsassoonaspossibleParentscanalsoeatwithstudentsatschoolcanteensandgive4．(suggest)totheschoolonfoodsafetyandnutritionTheregulationraisedheateddebatesManystudentsweresadaboutthebanTheysaidthecampuslifewouldbelessinteresting5．conveniencestores,andtheywouldn’tbeabletohavedifferentflavoreddrinksordesserts6．,manyparentsexpressedsupportfortheregulationThefathersurnamedFangsaid,“cheap,low-qualitysnackssoldatthesestoresare7．(harm)tochildren’shealth,andstudentsrushtoshopstobuysnacksassoonasaclassisover,whichaffectsthenormalteachingorder”Themovecomesamongfoodhealthconcernsatpublicschoolsand8．(design)tomeetthenutritionalneedsofstudentsTheregulationalsorequiresschools9．(monitor)studentswhomaybeobese,andintervene(干预)tomakesuretheyfollowahealthydietAndinfactmanyforeigncountrieshavetheirownwaystomakestudentseat10．(healthy)Forexample,manyparentsinAustraliavolunteerinschools,sometimesincanteens,dotheirbesttoseethat11．(they)childrenareservednutritiousfoodInJapan,thereis“foodandnutritioneducation”Thishelpschildrenacquire“asenseofgratitude(感恩)”and“appreciatefoodsandsocialmanners”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Readytotakeagapyear？A"GapYear"isaperiodoftimewhenastudenttakesabreakbeforegoingtouniversity．Itisoftenspenttravellingorworking．1、GapyearsarepopularwithEuropeanandAustralianstudents，butremainlesspopularinAmerica．However，inrecentyears，moreandmoreAmericanstudentsarepreparingforcollegebytakingagapyear．Theadvantagesoftakingagapyearareasfollows：2、Althoughyoudon'thavetogoabroadtoexperiencegapyears，mostgapyearstudentscatchthechancetotravelabroad．Youareabletoworkoutwhoyouareandwhatyouarefor．Theexperiencesofdifferentculturesofferyouinterestinglessons．Youcanlearnmoreabouttheworldandgettoknowyourselfbetter．FacechallengesandhavefunAgapyearisnotonlyatimetotakeavacation，butalsoatimetofacechallenges．Gapyearstudentsusuallywork，volunteerortakeserviceprojects．Youhavetolearnhowtogetalongintherealworld．Thisprocessisn'talwayseasy，butitisanimportantpartofgrowingup．3、SavemoneyandimproveyourcollegeadmissionchancesThere'sacommonthoughtthatgapyearsareonlyforrichstudents，butit'snottrue．Actually，takingagapyearcansaveyourmoney．Gapyearstudentsoftentakeapart-timejob．Besides，attheendofagapyear，studentsaremuchmorelikelytoknowwhattostudyincollege．4、5、Bothofthemareexcellentandhavehighgrades．However，onestudenthasmuchpracticalexperienceorhasvolunteeredinhisvacation．Whodoyouthinktheadmissionofficerwillchoose？A．LearnabouttheworldandyourselfB．Onlyinthiswaycanyouenjoylifeandhavefun．C．Checkoutyourgapyearchoicesbeforemakingtherightdecision．D．Itcangiveyoungpeopleusefullearningexperiencesandnewskills．E．Imagineanadmissionofficertryingtoadmitonlyonebetweentwostudents．F．Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyearbeforegoingtouniversity．G．Clearlearninggoalscankeepthestudentsworkinghardinsteadofwastingtimeandmoneyplaying．Youwaitinal