2022-2023学年江西省高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版）

2022-2023学年江西省高三（上）期中英语试卷

题号一―三四五六总分

得分

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用

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3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷(选择题)

一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共30.0分)

A

BigThinkersSeries

The2022BigThinkersSeriesfromNewScientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks,coveringawiderange

oftopicsbyworld-classscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryour

universe,thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.

Save£20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkers

Series(availableon-demand)orpurchasesingleticketsforjust£13perlecture(availablebyearly

booking).

Reality+：FromtheMatrixtotheMetaversewithDavidChalmers

Inthistalk,philosopherDavidChalmersarguesthatMetaverse-stylevirtualworldsexperiencedthrough

headsetsarealsogenuineandmeaningfulrealitiesandwecanliveameaningfullifeinVR.

Whatwedon'tknowaboutgravitywithClaudiadeRham

Weareallfamiliarwiththeconceptofgravity.Inthistalk,ProfessorClaudiadeRhamwillexplorehow

muchweactuallyknowaboutgravityandhowmuchmorethereislefttouncover.

ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel

FromStonehengetoatomicclocks,hereisthe5,000-yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomark

time.ChadOrzel,theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog,

offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky（反常的）historicaldetail.

PhysicsattheEndoftheuniversewithKatieMack

TheBigBangtheorytellsthestoryofthebeginningoftheuniverseforthelast13.8billionyears.Buthow

doesthestoryend?JoinastronomerKatieMackassheshareswhatmodernastrophysicstellsusaboutthe

finalfateoftheuniverse.

1.owmuchdoesaseriesticketcost?

A.£13.B.£20.C.£30.D.£32.

2.WhatwillChadOrzellecturein?

A.Thegenuinereality.B.Thesecretsofgravity.

C.Thehistoryoftimemarking.D.Thefinalfateoftheuniverse.

3.Whatdothefourtalkshaveincommon?

A.Theyareallaimedatsciencelovers.

B.Theyareallconcernedwithgravity.

C.Theywillallbegivenbybestsellingauthors.

D.Theywillallbegivenbyexcellentphysicians.

B

EdwardO.WilsonwhodiedonDec.26,2021attheageof92,wasanextraordinaryscholarineverysense

oftheword.BythetimeImethimin1982,he'dmadegreatcontributionstoscience.Forexample,he

discoveredthechemicalmeansbywhichantscommunicate.Heworkedouttheimportanceofthehabitat

sizeandpositioninprotectinganimals.

In1982Icautiouslysatdownnexttothegreatmanduringabreakatasmallconferenceonsocial

insects.Heturned,extendedhishandandsaid,"Hi,I'mEdWilson.Idon'tbelievewe'vemet."Thenwe

talkeduntilitwastimetogetbacktothemeeting.ThreehourslaterIapproachedhimagain.Heturned,

extendedhishandandsaid,"Hi,I'mEdWilson.Idon'tbelievewe'vemet”

Wilsonforgotmebutremainedfriendly.Iwasfreshoutofgraduateschool,whileWilsonwasalreadyvery

famous.Yethedidn'thesitatetoextendhishandtome,notoncebuttwice.

MyworkstudyingnativeplantsandinsectswasinspiredbyWilson'sdescriptionsofbiodiversity.His1992

book,TheDiversityofLife,becamethebasisforaneventualturninmycareerpath.Throughouthiscareer

Wilsoncommunicatedtheurgentneedtopreservethenaturalworld.AsIseeit,theonlywaytorealize

Wilson'slifelongwishistoburytheideathathumansarehereandnatureissomeplaceelse.Providinga

practicalplanforprotectingtheearthhasbeenmygoalforthelast20years,andI'mhonoredthatitmixes

withWilson'sthought.

4.WhendidtheauthormeetWilsonforthefirsttime?

A.Whentheauthorwasdoingbusiness

B.Whentheauthorwasingraduateschool

C.Whentheauthorattendedasmallconference

D.Whentheauthorwasstudyingnativeplants.

5.WhatdidtheauthorprobablythinkofWilsonaftertheymet?

A.Clever.B.Determined.C.Creative.D.Kind.

6.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?

A.HeregularlyhaddiscussionswithWilson.

B.HisresearchwasinfluencedbyWilson.

C.HewroteabookundertheguidanceofWilson.

D.HisopinionaboutnaturewasdifferentfromWilson's.

7.WhatdoestheauthorthinkthewaytorealizeWilson'slifelongwishis?

A.Stayingawayfromnature.

B.Learningtocoexistwithnature.

C.Conductingfutureresearch.

D.Learningaboutallkindsofanimals

c

There'snothingwrongwithatomatothatisn'tperfectlyroundedorapeachwithanextradimple（浅凹）

ortwo；theystillcarrythesamebenefitsandflavorsastheversionswe'reusedtoseeingingrocery

stores.Farmersconventionallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,asmanygrocerychainswon'tbuythem

forfearthattheyareunsellable.However,agrowinggroupofgrocerychainsarefightingtomakethese

desertedfruitsandvegetablespartofconsumers'buyinghabits.

OnesuchbusinessisImperfectProduce,astart-upthatdeliversfreshuglyproducetoconsumers.Through

thisservice,youcangetupto20poundsoffruitandveggiesforaround$20aweek.Thisisabouta30

percentdiscountcomparedtowhatscurrentlysoldinstores.Recently,thecompanyhadamajor

breakthroughwhenWholeFoodsacceptedtheirpartnershipandagreedtosellthemisshapen（畸形的）

produce.

WhilethismovementmightbeanewtrendhereintheUS,it'salreadygainedseriousmomentum（势

头）inEurope.In2014,theE.U.announcedtheYearAgainstFoodWaste,withFrenchgrocerychain

IntermarchelaunchingaverysuccessfulcampaigncalledIngloriousFruitsandVegetablesandEngland's

Waitrosesellingweatherblemishedapples.InPortugal,asimilarcompanytoImperfectProducecalled

FrutaFeiahasalsotakenoff.

Buyingtheseunfortunate-lookingfoodsshouldbeappealingtoconsumersnotonlybecauseofthe

affordability,butalsobecauseofthesupportitgivestofarmersandthedirectimpactithasondecreasing

foodwasteandtheenvironmentalpollution.ltisbelievedthatwhenthediscardedfruitsandvegetables

decomposetheyreleasemethane,agreenhousegasthat,whenreleasedintotheatmosphere,isabout86

timesaspowerfulascarbondioxideovera20-yearperiod.Wasteis,infact,theugliestthingofall.

8.Whatdofarmersdowithimperfectfruitsandvegetablestraditionally?

A.Throwthemaway.B.Tunthemintofertilizer.

C.Donatethemtocharity.D.Storethemforthewinter.

9.WhatisthepurposeofImperfectProduce?

A.Tomakebetterprofits.B.Tosellimperfectproduce.

C.Togetdiscountsfromfarmers.D.TocompetewithWholeFoods.

10.WhatcanwelearnaboutEuropecomparedwiththeUS?

A.Ithasmoresuccessfully-runfoodchains.

B.Itproduceslessmisshapenfruitsandvegetables.

C.Itaddressestheproblemofmisshapenproduceearlier.

D.Itfacesamoreseriousproblemofunfavorableweather.

11.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whyiswastedfoodharmfultotheenvironment?

A.Itpollutesthefarms.

B.Itgivesoutabadsmell.

C.Itcontributestoglobalwarming.

D.Itproduceslotsofcarbondioxide.

D

Youdon'tneedtobeanexperttorecognizelunamoths（蚕蛾）.Theyhavehairywhitebodies,redlegs

andhugegreenwingsthatstretchupto4.5inchesacross.Andattheendoftheirwingsareapairoflong

tailsthathaveattractedscientistsforcenturies.

Someofthemtheorizedthatitwaspossiblethatfemalemothsjudgedthehealthandqualityofamaleby

thesizeofhistails.Butitturnedoutthatfemalemothswerenotchoosyatall.Theyjusthadsexwiththe

firstmalestheycouldfind.Othersbelievedthatthetailscouldincreaselunamoths*sizetomakethem

harderforthebats—themainenemyoflunamoths—tohandle.Butthetheoryprovedwrongin1903when

ascientistnamedArchibaldWeeksputbatsagainstabiggerspeciesofmothsthatlackedtails.Hefound

thatthebatskilled66%oftheirtargets.Lunamoths,despitebeingsmaller,werehardertocatch."Clearly,

theirtailsprovidedananti-batadvantage,"Weeksobserved."!thinktheywereusedtodirectbatsaway

fromthemoths*body."

Hewasroughlyright.Morethanacenturylater,JesseBarberfromBoiseStateUniversityputlunamoths

againstbatsinadarkroomandfilmedthehunting.Undernormalcircumstances,thebatsonlymanagedto

catch35%ofthelunamoths.ButifBarbercutofftheirtailsbeforehand,thebatscaught81%ofthem.That

wasnotbecausethemothsbecameworsefliers-infact,cuttingthetroublesometailsseemedtohave

improvedtheirflyingabilities.

Barberexplainedthatbatswerenotvisualhunters.Theyfoundtheirfoodwithaspecialsound.Tobe

protectedfrombats,lunamothsneededsomethingthatmadeconfusingsounds.Thatwaswhattheluna

moths'tailsdid：Astheyflew,theywavedbehindthemandproducedsoundsthatweresimilartotheir

wingbeats.Tobats,eithersoundedlikeahugepartoftheirtarget,orlikeanentirelydifferenttarget.As

aresult,theyaimedabouthalftheirattacksatthetails.

12.WhatisArchibaldWeeks'importantcontribution?

A.Hefoundthatbatsarethemainenemyoflunamoths.

B.Hetheorizedthatlunamothsusetheirtailstoconfusebats.

C.Heprovedthatlunamoths'sizeisimportantfortheirsurvival.

D.Heobservedthatfemalemothsprefermalemothswithlongertails.

13.WhatcanbelearnedaboutbatsfromJesseBarber'sconclusion?

A.Theyarenotvisualhunters.

B.Theyusuallyhuntintheday.

C.Theylikebiggerspeciesofmoths.

D.Theycanflyfurtherthanlunamoths.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordntheyninthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Bats.B.Wings.C.Lunamoths.D.Tailbeats.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhoIsRightAboutLunaMothsTails,BarberorWeeks?

B.HowDoBatsUseTheirSpecialSoundstoSearchforFood?

C.WhyDoLunaMothsHaveSuchTroublesomeLongTails?

D.WhatAretheDisadvantagesforLunaMothstoHaveLongTails?

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

Maybeyouarefearfulofmissingyourholidaysduetolongwaitsfornewpassports.⑴.

Checkyourpassporttoseewhenitwasissued

uAftertraveltookapauseformanyholidaymakersduringthepandemic,plentyofpassportsneedtobe

renewed.Tobeatanydisappointmentsforyoursummervacations,you'llwanttomakesurethatithasbeen

nomorethantenyearssinceyourpassportwasissued,"Naveensays."⑵，includingpopulartravel

spotssuchasEgypt,Thailand,andDubai.

QL

"I'drecommendthoroughlycheckingyourapplicationbeforeyousenditoff.Manydelaysaremade

throughtypicalerrors-suchasincorrectphotosortypos-whichcanworsenyourchancesofreceivinga

passportintimeforasummertrip,"hecontinues.

Gofordigitalratherthanpaper

Naveenadvises,"Therearemanyvariables（变数）thatgointohowlongitwilltaketogetyourpassport

renewed-fromafirst-timepassporttoachild'srenewal.Whenitcomestothemethodofhowyouapply,

digitalapplicationsgenerallytakeashortamountoftimeaspartsoftheapplicationarelesslikelytoget

lost,plustheonlineprocesswillbemoreefficient.（4）.

Makeanappointmentinpersonoroverthephone

uWiththecuiTentdemandfortravelinrecentmonths,eventhefast-trackservicesforpassportrenewalare

becomingoverwhelmedsothereisnoquickfix(捷径)toreceivingyourpassportontime,“hesays.'*

(5).Alternatively,looktobookanappointmenttooneofthevariouspassportcentersacrossthecountry

thatwayyoucanspeeduptheprocessinpersonandhavesomeoneonhandshouldtherebeanyerrors."

A.Ensureyourdetailsarecorrect

B.Admityourinformationofpassportsisright

C.Manypeopledon'tlikethestressfullifeandwanttotravel

D.Keepthisinmindifyoudon'twanttoendupbeingstuckinthewaitingline

E.Naveen,founderofNextVacay,hasissuedfourtipstospeedupthepassportprocess

F.Youalsoneedtheminimumofthreeorsixmonthstogainentryintomanydestinations

G.However,ifyouaretravelingforanemergency,youmaybeabletoacceleratetheprocess

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)

TwelveyearsagoIdecidedtochangemyjobfromanEnglishasaSecondLanguageteachertosimply

workingatadepartmentstorechildcareroom,basicallyforbetterhoursandbenefits.My(21)were

preschoolers.Tomy(22),manyofthese2-4yearoldchildren(23)noEnglishatallbecauseshoppersat

thestorewerefamiliesofemployeesataninternationalcompanywithheadquartersnearby.How(24)I

foundmyselfteachingEnglishtopreschoolers!Twoexperienceswereunforgettably(25)forme一they

camefromacoupleoflittlegirls.

Onechildwasabout3years-oldwhenshe(26)intheplayroom.Shewas(27),havingrecentlycomefrom

Mexicoand(28)onlySpanish.However,1knewsomeSpanish,sowe(29)timeplayingtogetherwhileshe

(30)toEnglish-speakingchildrenaroundher.Eventuallyshe(31)alocalpreschoolandbecame(32)in

English.Onedayshecametotheplayroomand(33)saidtome,"Teacher,rememberwhenIcalledyou

'maestra*?"Herbrighteyeswerefilledwith(34)!

Theotherchildwasalso3years-oldwhenshecametothe(35)thatwasfilledwithblocks,crayonsand

paper,teasets,etc.Shehadno(36)inthetownbecauseherfamilyhadjustmovedfromanother(37).She

wenttopreschoollateron,also,andshowedhergreat(38)inspeakingEnglishJThenoneday-aftera

longtimeaway,,shecameintotheplayroomandsaidtome,"Let'splayblocks!"Allourplaywas(39)

withpleasureandlearningandweplayedtogethercheerfully.FromthesechildrenIlearnedtoletextreme

discomfortandthemassiveneedfor(40)becomeaspringboardforjoyandgrowth.

21.A.bossesB.chargesC.aimsD.workmates

22.A.satisfactionB.regretC.excitementD.surprise

23.A.encounteredB.likedC.improvedD.lacked

24.A.delightfulB.encouragingC.incredibleD.lucky

25.A.annoyingB.worryingC.disappointingD.moving

26.A.turnedupB.leftoffC.playedbyD.lookedaround

27.A.activeB.braveC.nervousD.clever

28.A.missingB.speakingC.wantingD.ignoring

29.A.enjoyedB.wastedC.desiredD.valued

30.A.walkedB.wavedC.signedD.listened

31.A.calledonB.livedby

C.participatedinD.setup

32.A.brokenB.fluentC.trappedD.poor

33.A.sweetlyB.nervouslyC.hurriedlyD.slowly

34.A.sadnessB.hatredC.confidenceD.complaint

35.A.shopB.playroomC.yardD.centre

36.A.relativesB.teachersC.neighboursD.friends

37.A.stateB.schoolC.classroomD.street

38.A.discomfortB.conveniencesC.giftsD.shortage

39.A.changedB.connectedC.misunderstoodD.removed

40.A.pleasureB.concernC.noticeD.learning

第H卷(非选择题)

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

41.TheTVseries,ALifelongJourney,(1)(earn)widespreadapplause,becomingthe

most-watchedTVseriesonStatebroadcasterChinaMediaGroupinthepastfiveyears.

ALifelongJourney,(2)(consist)of58episodes,isadaptedfromfamouswriterLiangXiaosheng's

novelofthesamenamewhichwonthe10thMaoDunLiteraturePrize,oneofthecountry'stop

honorsforlocalwriters,Startingin(3)late1960s,thestoryfollowstheupsanddownsofthree

childreninaworking-classfamilyinnortheasternChina,strikingachord(和弦)withviewersfor

itsdetails(4)(vivid)bringingthembacktooldtimes.First(5)(publish)inDecember2017,

thenovelshowsawiderangeofChinesepeoplefromdifferent⑹(walk)oflife,fromconstructors

tostart-upfounders,toexaminethehugeinfluencebroughtbythechangesofChinesesociety.Tie

Ning,chairwomanoftheChinaWriters1Association,saidthegreat(7)(popular)oftheTVseries,

ALifelongJourney,illustratesthe“closebondu(8)literatureandtelevision.

"Whiletakingalookathistory,wecouldseethemutual(相互的)influenceofliterature,filmand

televisiontoboostandinspireeachother,(9)hasconnectedwritersandfilmmakersclosely."

sheadded.WithpopularTVseriesormovies,thestoriesthathaveinspiredsuchscreenworkswillsee

theirinfluencegroweven(10)(far).

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改错(本大题共1小题，共10.0分)

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共

有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除成修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：

2.只允许修改10处、多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Theweatherhasbeenlikelatesummerthisweek,eventhoughitisNovember.Ihavecaughtchance

andwalkedeverymorning.Afterthat,Itendtorewardmewithacupofcoffeefromthecafewherever

Iusedtomeetmyoldfriends.Duringthisdifficultytime,everyoneseemstobeingrunningshortof

money.Yesterday,Ilakeabagofcoinswithmeandpaidwithexactchanges.Iexchangedthe

remainderofmycoinswithpapermoney.Theclerkwasverymuchhappytooffermepapermoney

andsaidthattheycouldalwaysusecoins,nomatterhowsmalltheamountwas.Heardwhatshesaid,

Ifeltreallygratefulanddelighted.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.上周六，你校组织学生到世纪公园参加植树活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请以A

MeaningfulActivity为题，写一篇报道，内容包括：（1）活动目的；（2）活动过程；（3）

活动意义。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

AMeaningfulActivity

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、C、A

【解析】（1）数字计算题。根据第二段

Save£20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkersSe

ries（availableon-demand）orpurchasesingleticketsforjust£13perlecture（availablebyearlyboo

king）.（购买“大思想家”系列所有四场演讲的系列票（可按需购买）或购买单场票价仅为13英镑

（可提前预订），可以节省标准票价20英镑）可知，单场的票价是13英镑，购买一个系列可以

节约20英镑，因此买一个系列的票价为：4x13-20=32（英镑）。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel部分的

FromStonehengetoatomicclocks,hereisthe5,

000-yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel,

theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog,

offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky（反常的）historicaldetail.（从巨石阵到

原子钟，这是5000年来科学如何用来标记时间的历史。ChadOrzel是国际畅销书《如何教你的狗

量子物理》的作者，他通过科学理论和离奇的历史细节为我们提供了一段诙谐的旅程）可知，查

德•奥泽尔将用时间标记的历史来进行演讲。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第一段的Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse,

thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.（如果你对你的星球或宇宙感到好奇，那么这

个系列是你听到最新研究的地方）可知，这四个讲座的共同之处是它们都是针对科学爱好者。故

选Ao

这是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍《新科学家》举办的2022年大思想家系列活动的四场在

线讲座。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4~7.【答案】C、D、B、B

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中BythetimeImethimin1982,he'dmadegreatcontributions

toscience.（1982年我见到他时，他对科学做出了巨大贡献。）以及第二段中的In1982Icautiously

satdownnexttothegreatmanduringabreakatasmallconferenceonsocialinsects.（1982年，我在

一次关于社交昆虫的小型会议上休息时，小心翼翼地坐在这位伟人旁边。）可知，作者第一次见

到威尔逊的时候，是在一次小型会议的休息时间。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Wilsonforgotmebutremainedfriendly.Iwasfreshoutofgraduate

school,whileWilsonwasalreadyveryfamous.Yethedidn'thesitatetoextendhishandtome,notonce

buttwice.（威尔逊忘记了我，但仍然很友好。我刚从研究生院毕业，而威尔逊已经很有名了。但

他毫不犹豫地向我伸出了手，不是一次而是两次。）可知，威尔逊对于刚从研究生院毕业的作者

是友好的，所以作者认为他是友善的。A.Clever.聪明的；B.Determined.坚定的；C.Creative.

有创意的；D.Kind.友善的。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Myworkstudyingnativeplantsandinsectswasinspiredby

Wilson'sdescriptionsofbiodiversity.His1992book,TheDiversityofLife,becamethebasisforan

eventualturninmycareerpath.（我研究本地植物和昆虫的工作受到威尔逊对生物多样性的描述的

启发。他1992年出版的著作《生活的多样性》成为我职业生涯最终转折的基础。）可知，威尔逊

的生物多样性的描述对我的研究是有启发的。故选B。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的AsIseeit,theonlywaytorealizeWilson'slifelongwishistobury

theideathathumansarehereandnatureissomeplaceelse.（在我看来，实现威尔逊毕生愿望的唯一

方法就是要把人类在这里，自然在别处的隔阂消除。）可知，实现威尔逊的毕生愿望的方式就是

使人类和自然和平共处.故选B。

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与学者威尔逊先生相处时的经历及威尔逊对作者的影响。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】A、B、C、C

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Farmersconventionallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,

asmanygrocerychainswon'tbuythemforfearthattheyareunsellable.（农民通常会扔掉这些不完美

的物品，因为许多杂货连锁店不会购买它们，因为担心它们卖不出去）可知，传统上，农民处理

不完美的水果和蔬菜的方法是把它们扔掉。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第一段Farmersconventionallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,asmany

grocerychainswon'tbuythemforfearthaltheyareunsellable.（农民通常会扔掉这些不完美的物品，

因为许多杂货连锁店不会购买它们，因为担心它们卖不出去）及第二段Onesuchbusinessis

ImperfectProduce,astart-upthatdeliversfreshuglyproducetoconsumers.（其中一家公司是Imperfect

Produce,这是一家向消费者提供新鲜丑陋农产品的初创公司）可知，ImperfeetProduce的目的是

向消费者售卖新鲜不完美的农产品。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段WhilethismovementmightbeanewtrendhereintheUS,it'salready

gainedseriousmomentum（势头）inEurope.（虽然这一运动在美国可能是一种新的趋势，但它

已经在欧洲获得了很大的势头）可推知，与美国相比，我们了解到欧洲解决了早期生产的不完美

的问题。故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Itisbelievedthatwhenthediscardedfruitsandvegetablesdecompose

theyreleasemethane,agreenhousegasthat,whenreleasedintotheatmosphere,isabout86timesas

powerfulascarbondioxideovera20-yearperiod.（人们认为当丢弃的水果和蔬菜分解时，它们会释

放出甲烷，这是一种温室气体，当释放到大气中时，在20年内的威力约为二氧化碳的86倍。）

可知，根据最后一段，导致全球变暖是浪费的食物对环境的危害。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了农产品销售企业为了让长相丑陋的蔬菜和水果进入销售渠道所做

的努力以及这样做的意义。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的获取细节信息和逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述内容

作出合理的推断；或归纳作者所阐述的观点理论。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准

确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】B、A、C、C

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中Butthetheoryprovedwrongin1903whena

scientistnamedArchibaldWeeksputbatsagainstabiggerspeciesofmothsthatlackedtails.Hefoundth

atthebatskilled66%oftheirtargets.Lunamoths,despitebeingsmaller,werehardertocatch."Clearly,

theirtailsprovidedananti-batadvantage,"Weeksobserved."!thinktheywereusedtodirectbatsaway

fromthemoths'body."（但1903年，当一位名叫ArchibaldWeeks的科学家将蝙蝠与一种更大的没

有尾巴的飞蛾进行对抗时，这个理论被证明是错误的。他发现蝙蝠杀死了66%的目标。月蛾尽管

体型较小，却更难捕捉。"很明显，它们的尾巴提供了抗蝙蝠的优势，”威克斯观察到。”我认为它

们被用来引导蝙蝠远离飞蛾的身体。"）可知，ArchibaldWeeks的重要贡献是他认为月蛾用尾巴迷

惑蝙蝠，尾巴为它提供了对抗蝙蝠的优势。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据最后一段开头

Barberexplainedthatbatswerenotvisualhunters.Theyfoundtheirfoodwithaspecialsound.（巴伯解

释说，蝙蝠不是视觉上的猎手。它们用一种特殊的声音找到食物。）可知，蝙蝠不是视觉上的猎

手。故选Ao

（3）代词指代题。根据最后一段中Tobeprotectedfrombats,

lunamothsneededsomethingthatmadeconfusingsounds.Thatwaswhatthelunamoths'tailsdid：

Astheyflew,theywavedbehindthemandproducedsoundsthatweresimilartotheirwing

beats.Tobats,___eithersoundedlikeahugepartoftheirtarget,orlikeanentirelydifferenttarget.（为

了免受蝙蝠的伤害，月蛾需要能发出令人迷惑的声音的东西。这就是月蛾的尾巴所做的：当它们

飞行时，它们在身后摆动，并发出类似于翅膀拍动的声音。对蝙蝠来说，它们要么听起来像目标

的很大一部分，要么像一个完全不同的目标。）可知，划线部分的单词they指代的是前文提到的

lunamothso故选C。

（4）标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了科学家们对一种叫作月娥的生物的尾巴的研究，解

释了月娥的尾巴在对抗蝙蝠时的作用。C选项

WhyDoLunaMothsHaveSuchTroublesomeLongTails?（为什么月蛾有这么麻烦的长尾巴？）适

合作本文标题。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们对一种叫作月娥的生物的尾巴的研究，解释了月娥的尾

巴在对抗蝙蝠时的作用.

做这类题材的阅读理解时要求考生对文章先通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相

关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理地分

析，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16~20.【答案】E、F、A、D、G

【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文

Maybeyouarefearfulofmissingyourholidaysduetolongwaitsfornewpassports.（也许你担心由于

长时间等待新护照而错过假期。）可知"提起“加快办理护照“这个话题，因此E.Naveen,

founderofNextVacay,hasissuedfourtipstospeedupthepassportprocess（Naveen是NextVacay的

创始人，他提出了四条建议来加快办理护照的速度），符合语境，故选E。

（2）联系下文题。根据下文includingpopulartravelspotssuchasEgypt,Thailand,andDubai.（包

括埃及、泰国和迪拜等热门旅游景点。）可知此处说明的是和目的地相关的情况，因此

F.Youalsoneedtheminimumofthreeorsixmonthstogainentryintomanydestinations（你还需要至

少三到六个月的时间才能进入许多目的地），与下文一致，故选F。

（3）段落主题题。根据下文I'drecommendthoroughlycheckingyourapplicationbeforeyousenditoff.

（我建议你在发送之前彻底检查你的申请。）可知本段讲述了确保信息无误的问题，因此

A.Ensureyourdetailsarecorrect（确保你的详细信息正确无误）,概括了本段大意，故