江苏大学研究生英语课程讲义分析翻译

Unit11.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes;itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity;itwastheseasonoftheLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness;itwasthespringofHope,itwasthewinterofDespair;wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus;wewereallgoingtoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.2)Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart,holdahand,lendanear,pataback,lightupaface,tickleafunnybone,dryaneye,surpriseachild,wooasweetheart,toastabride,welcomeastranger,waveagood-bye,shoutabravo,blowakiss,mendaquarrel,easeapain,boostamorale,stopaworryandstartatradition.2.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.Asanimportantmeansforpreservingknowledge,variousliteratureshavebecomepreciousresourcesortreasuresforthemankind,whichhavegreatlycontributedtothesocialprogressofthehumanrace.Professionalliteratureshavebeenregardedas“intangibleassets”ofthewholeworldbecausetheyare,ontheonehand,thesummary,generalization,anddevelopmentoftheachievementsobtainedonthebasisofpreviousexperiencesorstudies;andontheotherhand,theyhavebeenaccumulatedandhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Inthissense,therefore,allkindsofliteraturearerecordsofpreciousresearchfindingsandacademicachievements,andthecrystallizationofhumancivilization.3.PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.翻译的意义是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。简单地讲，它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术。从以上翻译的定义来看，我们知道词句的原意必须尽可能保持准确，不可有所增删。翻译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思。因此，翻译有两种要素：准确性与表达性。准确性是翻译的首要条件。译者必须谨慎地遵循原作者的意思。字词的选择与句式结构必须如实传达原作的思想。表达性是使译文易于理解。换言之，译者必须用自己的文字尽可能将原作思想清楚而有力地表达出来。准确性是使译文的意义确切无误，而表达性则是使译文生动，引人入胜。Unit3reports1.SampleAnalysisSampleIInformalReportMEMORANDUMTO:AudreyRivers FROM: KevinYoungManager,HumanResources PersonnelAssistantSUBJECT:EvaluationoftheRoningGroup’s“Meetings”SeminarDATE:March19,1995IfoundTheRoilingGroup’s“Meetings”seminartobewellworthattendingandrecommendthatitbemadeavailabletoallsupervisoryemployees.Theattachedfolderdescribestheseminarindetail.Itsfulltitleis“IncreasingtheEffectivenessofBusinessMeetings,”anditisavailableintwoformats:asapublicseminar,suchastheoneIattended,andasakitforin-housepresentation.Attendancealapublicseminarcosts$85perperson.Thekit,whichcontainssufficientmaterialstotrain48employees,costs$1200,whichisequivalentto$25perperson.TheseminarIattendedwasheldatthedowntownHolidayInnfrom9:00a.m.to4:30p.m.yesterday,March18.YouaskedmetoattendsethatIcouldevaluateitssuitabilityforcompanyadoption.Duringthemorningtheseminarleaderdemonstratedtechniquesforimprovingmeetingperformanceandthenassignedustotwogroupsandgaveusrolestoplayasmeetingparticipants.Intheafternoon:Forthefirsthour,grouponeheldameetingandgrouptwoevaluatedthemeetingparticipants’performanceonaone-to-onebasis.Forthesecondhour,thegroups’roleswerereversed.Theseminarleaderthensummedupanddrewattentiontoourstrengthsandweaknesses.Ifoundtheseminartobeanexcellentlearningexperience.Theatmospherewasrelaxed,theparticipantswereactivelyinvolvedformorethan75%ofthetimeandhadrealistic,recognizablerolestoplay,andthescenariosforthetwomeetingswerebothrelevantandthoroughlydeveloped.Ofparticularvaluewerethecommentswecouldmakeononeanother’sperformanceasmeetingparticipants.IsuggestwepurchasetheRoilingGroup’s“Meetings”kitanduseittotrainourmanagersandsupervisorstoholdmoreefficientmeetings.TheexperienceIgainedatyesterday’sseminarhaspreparedmetorimin-houseworkshops.(ThesignatureofKevin)Notes：1．（什么种类的报告，背景，报告的双方）这是一份非正式报告。人事助理Kevin在参加一次最近召开的研讨会后向人事部经理递交的—份对该会的评估报告。这种报告实际上是一种备忘录式的报告，因此叫Memorandum。To指收件人，From指报告人。2．（Subject）Subjectline主题项，它后面是报告的主要内容。有些信函使用”Re:”即表示withreferenceto(关于)；”InRe:”即表示referringto(关于)。3.（组成部分）这类报告一般分为以下部分：summarystatement，background，description(oftheseminar)，evaluation(oftheseminar),andoutcome．Sample2ROBERTSONENGINEEERINGSERVICESINSPECTIONREPORTALTERATLINSTOANDREDECORATIONOFNEWOFFICESFORTHETECHNICALPUBLICATIONSDEPARTMENTExceptforsomeminordeficiencies,therepairandrenovationworkiscomplete.TheofficescanbeoccupiedonNovemberI,asscheduled.TheseofficeswerepreviouslyoccupiedbyNor-WestDistributors,whovacatedthemonSeptember30,1994.AcontractforrenovatingandredecoratingthepromiseswaslettoCravenBuildersInc.onOctober2;itspecifiedtheworktobedoneandacompletiondateofOctober30,1994.ThecontractornotifiedusonOctober26thattheworkwascompleteandIinspectedthepremisesonOctober27.Thecontractorhasdoneagenerallygoodjob.Therearenosignsthattheprevioustemporarywallsexistedorhavebeenremoved,andthenewtemporarywallslooklikepermanentstructures.Decoratingqualityisverygood.Thefollowingdeficiencieswerenotedandmustbecorrectedbythecontractor:.1.Therubberunderlayneedstoberelaidunderpartsofthefittedcarpetinthenortheastcornerofthemainoffice.Currentlyitisbunchedinsevenoreightplaces.2.Thepelmetsoverallfourwindowsneedtobeextendedtothespecified78-inchwidth.Currentlytheyareonly64incheswide.3.Thedoortothemanager’sofficeneedstoberehungsothatitclosesfullyandthelockengages.4.Fourofthelightingfixturesneedtobemalignedsothattheyareallatthesamelevel.5.Thecoveneedstobeinstalledatthefootofallwalls.ThesedeficiencieswillnotpreventtheTechnicalPublicationsDepartmentfromoccupyingtheofficesonNovemberI.althoughIsuggestthatfurnitureshouldnotbeplacedinthenortheastsectionofthemainofficeuntilthecarpetunderlayhasbeenrelaid.Allotherdeficienciescanbecorrectedwithoutinterferingwiththedepartment’soperations.Isuggestthatasecondinspectionbescheduledbeforecontractorpaymentisapproved.ThesignatureofThorvaldsonPaulThorvaldson,P.E.October27,1994Notes：这是一份检查报告，它比Samplel较正规，但仍属informalreport。报告分以下部分：(1)summarystatement:tellingreadersrightawaywhattheymostwanttoknow--thatthenewfacilityisready(2)background：thedetailsleadinguptohisinspectionvisit(3)findings：conditionsfound+deficiencies(4)outcome：theresultoftheinspection2.TheTranslationofReportsThefollowingisasampleofLetterReportanditsChineseversion.TheGeneralManager,AcmeElectronicsLtd.,Canberra,ACT2600.DearSir,RENOVATIONS,153HILLCRESTYouinstructedmeon20thJune,1998toreportontherepairsandrenovationneededattheCompany’spremisesat153Hillcrest.Iaccordinglyvisitedthepremiseson25thJuneandmadethefollowingobservations:1.ThatthewallsoftheBranchOfficeManager’sofficeneedtoberepainted.2.Thattheair-conditioningplantneedstobeservicedinthenearfuture.3.Thatthecarpetinthereceptionhallisverywornandneedstobereplacedbyanewone.4.Thatthelockonthereardoorofthepremisescanveryeasilybeforcedandneedstobereplacedbyastronger“deadlock.”5.ThatanadditionaltelephoneisneededintheGeneralOffice.IthereforerecommendthattheMaintenanceOfficebeinstructedtocarryouttherenovationsl—4aboveandthattheTelephoneCompanyberequestedtoinstallanadditionalreceiverintheGeneralOfficeonthesamelineastheexistingreceivers.Yoursfaithfully,C.S.SpencerMaintenanceEngineer堪培拉，ACT2600Acme电子有限公司总经理总经理先生：您于1998年6月20日指示，要我对HILLCREST1．分公司经理室的墙壁需要粉刷油漆。2．空调设备需要尽快维修。3．接待厅地毯严重磨损，需要更新。4．房舍后门的锁很不牢实，需要更换成结实的”单闩锁印”。5．公司办公室需要加装一部电话。综上所述，请您指示公司维修部对上述前四项进行维修，并请电话公司利用现有电话线路为办公室另安装一部电话。维修工程师C．S．斯宾塞Unit4abstracts1.PutthefollowingtechnicaltermsintoChinese.ballbearing（滚珠轴承）testbed（试验台）carrierrocket（运载火箭）pneumaticcushion（气压式缓冲器）tractorshoe（拖拉机履带片）monkeydriver（锤式打桩机）ballcock（球阀）automaticpecker（自动穿孔器）wormauger（螺旋钻）decaydaughter（裂变产物）sistermetal（同类金属）foreigntissue（异体组织）getterpump（抽气泵）ghostimage（叠影）heelblock（垫板）I-bar（工字梁）O-ring（环形圈）T-square（丁字尺）octahedron（八面体）zigzagchain（Z形链）gableroof（人字屋顶）crossstitch（十字缝）setsquare（三角尺）archdam（拱坝）camshaft（凸轮轴）conebuoy（锥形浮标）U-bolt（U形螺栓）plasticstockings（玻璃丝袜）nosecap（防毒面具）2.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1MorethanthreethousandIPCsymbolsjammedintothechart.Hecertainlywasnotscanningtherowswithamagnifier.图表中密密麻麻地排满了三千多个国际专利分类符号，他肯定不会拿着放大镜一排排往下看。2AlthoughnoonehasyetsetfootonVesta,andnospacecrafthasbeennear,planetaryscientistshaveobtainedconclusiveevidenceduringthelastdecadethatcold,silentVestawasoncethesceneofvolcanicactivity.尽管从未有人登上过灶神星，也从未有过太空飞船靠近过灶神星，但是研究行星的科学工作者在最近十年中已经获得了可靠的证据证明寒冷而宁静的灶神星曾经是火山活动的场所。3Despitethelong-standingavailabilityofeffectiveantibiotics,particularlypenicillin,pnumococcaldiseasecontinuestotakeaheavydeathtoll,particularlyamongpeoplesufferingfromotherchronicdiseases.尽管有效的抗菌素特别是青霉素应用已久，但肺炎球菌引起的疾病仍然造成大量死亡，尤其是对患有其他慢性病的人来说更是如此。4Theresearchfounda12percentreductioninthepatients’bloodcholesterolfromalevelof349milligramsper100millilitersofblood.研究结果发现，病人的胆固醇含量从每100毫升血液含有349毫克下降了百分之十二。5WorkingatthefruitandvegetablechemistryLaboratoryinPasadena,Calif.,thescientistssprayedyoungguayuleplantswith5,000partpermillionofthehormonestimulator2-(3-4)dichloriphenoxy-triethylamine.在加利福尼亚州帕萨迪纳的蔬果化学实验室工作的科学家们向银胶菊植物幼苗喷洒浓度为百万分之5000的激素催长剂2-(3-4)二氯苯氧基三乙胺。3.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.Environmentaltobaccosmoke(ETS)isamajorsourceofindoorairpollution.AmajorpointstressedinboththeSurgeonGeneral’sReportandtheNationalAcademyofScience’sReportisthatmethodsusedtodeterminetheexposureofthenonsmokingpopulationtoETSmustbeimproved.Inthisdissertation,asemi-realtimesystemformonitoringETSareproposedandcomparedwithothersystems.SeveralnewtracersforETSareproposed.ThegeneralizationanddecayofETSinanindoorenvironmentallaboratoryisstudied.Anewtechniqueforanalyzingmicrogramandsubmicrogramamountofnicotineandcotininebiologicalfluidsisdeveloped.AuniqueexposurestudytoETSistocarryoutwhereinnever-smokersareexposedtoETS.Muchevidencehasaccumulatedthatfineparticulatematterintheatmosphereaffectshumanhealthandatmosphericproperties.Tomonitorairborneparticles,itisnecessarytoseparatevariousparticlesizesintheatmosphereandtodeterminethechemicalcompositionsoftheparticles.Anewhighflowrate,multichannelparallelplatedenudersamplingsystemhasbeendevelopedwhichiscapableofdeterminingtheparticlesizedistributionsandthesemi-volatileorganiccompoundswhichcanbelostfromparticlesduringsampling.香烟造成的环境烟气(ETS)足使室内空污染的主要污染源。来自(美国)军医局局长报告和国家科学院的报告都着重强调了这一点：传统的用以确定有多少非吸烟者受到ETS危害的方法必须加以改进。本文提出了一种监控ETS的半实时系统并将该系统与其它系统进行了比较。作者建议使用一些新的跟踪器对ETS进行监控并对ETS在室内环境实验室的一般情况及衰减问题作了研究。作者研制了一项新技术分析尼古丁和可铁宁的生物液微克和亚微克量。并将对ETS进行一项独特的曝露研究，让非吸烟者置于ETS环境进行试验。现今业已积累的大量证据表明，大气层中的微粒影响人类健康和大气的性质。为了监控空中的微粒，很有必要将大气层中各种微粒的大小分开，并确定其化学成分。已研制出一种新的高流速率，多通道平行盘溶蚀器取样系统，它能确定微粒大小的分布，以及在取样期间从微粒失去的具有半挥发性的有机混合物。4.PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.在本《国际标准》中，“文摘”一词的意义是：对原文献内容准确、扼要而不加解释或评论的表述。无论作者是谁，对此均不应有所不同。一篇文摘应该根据文献的内容与文体，使之具有尽可能多的报道性。也就是说，文摘应尽可能多的表达文献内容中包含的定量或定性的信息。报道性文摘对于叙述实验研究和主题单一的文献足较为理想的。但某些内容庞杂或冗长的文献，例如泛述、综述以及整篇或整集的专著，则允许备有一个仅仅起指示性、描述性指南作用的文摘。还有一种必不可少的融报道性与指示性于一体的综合性文摘，这类文摘适用于文摘长度受限制，或因文献类型与文体的限制，而有必要对文献的要点作报道性介绍的情况。Unit6ConferenceDocuments1.SampleAnalysis.Sample3:GeneralInformationStoufferCenterPlazaHotelOnly12-minutesfromWright-puttersonAirForceBase,you’llfredthepremierhotelofDayton,Ohio,StonfferCenterPlazaHotel.InthecenterofDayton’sdowntownbusinessdistrict,thishotelisaskywalkawayfromtheDaytonConventionCenterand1500-carparkingfacility.Alimousineservicecanbemadeavailableonrequestintheimmediatedowntownareatodriveyoutomeetings,shoppingexcursionsorentertainment.Theamenitiesassociatedwithstayingatthishotelincludesuchitemsascomplimentarycoffeeandnewspaper,whicharrivewithyourwake-upcall.PubliclimousineservicerunstoandfromDaytonInternationalAirport20minutesaway.Dayton’sAttractionsDayton.OhioisconsideredthebirthplaceofAviationwhennativeDaytoniansOrvilleandWiburWrightbegantestingtheirearlyaircrafthere.TodayfiveCommandunitsoftheUnitedStatesAh’ForcearelocatedatWright=PattersonAirForceBase.Thisbaseiscriticalhubwhich-has33,000employees,AdjacenttothebaseistheUnitedStatesAirForceMuseumwhichisinternationallyrecognizedustheworld’slargestandoldestmilitaryaviationmuseumwithl0I/2acresofexhibitsunderoneroof.Thisfineattractiondraws1.5millionvisitorsannuallyandincludesa600seatIMAXtheaterwhichwillaffordvisitorsarealisticviewofaviationandspaceflight.Admissionandparkingarefree.OtherfamousattractionsintheareaincludetheDaytonMuseumofNaturalHistory,theDaytonArtInstitute,thehostofothersiteswhicharesshortcabchivefromthehotel.ClimateandAttireTheaveragetemperatureinDaytonduringtheconferenceperiodis66degreesFwithdailyvariationofplusorminus12degreesFabouttheaverage.Lightclothingisrecommendedforalloutdooractivities.TransportationTheDaytonInternationalRentalcarscanbeobtainedattheairportorareavailablefromtheconferencehotel.Notes1.limousineservice客车服务(指车站机场等接送旅客的中客车)2.airportlimo机场客车,limo的复数为limos(=limousine)2.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.DearProfessorLiang,TheConferenceSteeringCommitteeispleasedtoinformyouthatyourabstractrifledabovehasbeenacceptedforpresentationattheASEE4thInternationalConferenceonEngineeringComputerGraphicsandDescriptiveGeometry,tobeheldinMiami,Florida,USA,June11~15,1990.Wehopeyouwillacceptourinvitationtoparticipate.Toassistwithprogramplanning,pleasecompleteandreturntheenclosedConfirmationandSpeakerInformationFormbyfaxbeforeDecember12,1989sothatwemayincludethecorrectinformationintheprogramandnotifyalternatesifnecessary.Pleasestartwritingyourpaper.Inaseparatepackage,youwillreceivetheinstructionsonthepreparationofmanuscripts.Youshouldbegettingthisinformationsometimeafterthefirstoftheyear.CompletedmanuscriptsaredueonMarch1,1990.

ThefinalprogramandregistrationinformationwillbesenttoyouinearlyMarch,1990.WelookforwardtoworkingwithyouandtohavingyouontheprogramattheMiamimeeting.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsatanytime,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeat(305)554-2824.Ourfaxnumberis(305)554-3582.Sincerely,OktayUral,Ph.D.P.E.ConferenceChairmanUnit7Reviews1.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.Thehistoryofcomputingbeganwithananalogmac